• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2021

Objectives: By law, companies in Korea must periodically measure workers' exposure to harmful chemicals (the system is called the Work Environment Monitoring Program (WMP)[a]) and report the results to the government. The government also measures exposure to monitor the WMP's reliability (called Reliability Assessment (RA) for WMP[b]). The issue is that measured data from these two sources are so different that the objectivity of WMP needs to be confirmed by comparing the results using the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals' Targeted Risk Assessment (ECETOC TRA). Methods: Step 1: Data collection from WMP reports submitted by companies (n=586) and RA for WMP written by the government (n=33). Step 2: Data Standardization by key information included. Step 3: Data conversion to input-variables required to run the ECETOC TRA model, and run the model with specific data (n=514) which meet the predetermined exposure scenario. Step 4: Statistical data analysis by process category (PROC) and ventilation type from each source ([A] and [B]). Step 5: Additional analysis of any unexpected results. Results: The process categories of the production and handling of Dichloromethane were classified into 12 PROCs, and ten of them were selected to run ECETOC TRA. Modeled values tended to be higher than measured values from both sources. For the measured values from WMP, RCR distribution by PROC was narrow (0.197-0.267, 95% CI) and did not have a relationship with ventilation type, which differs from the tendency of the modeling result. Meanwhile, the measured values from RA for WMP were relatively widely distributed (0.301-1.177, 95% CI) by PROC. In particular PROCs (13,19) were high enough to exceed 1. Also, they become low with better ventilation types and appear differently depending on the ventilation type, similar to the model result. Conclusions: This study revealed that ECETOC TRA might have the potential to serve as a screening tool for exposure assessment and to be used as assistive method for WMP to estimate exposure. Further empirical study is required to confirm its availability as a screening tool.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.769-777
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• 2021

연구목적: 지진재난은 다양한 변수와 돌발상황들로 예측할 수 없는 상황이 빈번하게 발생하게 때문에 업무과정 자체가 일률적이지 못해 재난안전부서 공무원들은 지진 대응 행동 매뉴얼 숙지에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 경상북도청 재난안전대책본부에 한하여 이루어지고 있는 현재의 업무 상황을 구체적이고 정확하게 파악하여 업무 진행 과정에 필요한 매뉴얼 학습의 시리어스 게임 시나리오 설계방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 GBS(Goal Based Scenarios)모형을 기반으로 시나리오를 설계하고, 경상북도 재난 현장조치 행동 매뉴얼을 기반으로 미션과 역할을 부여하는 과정에서 경상북도청 지진관련 공무원들이 실제적인 과제를 해결하는 지식과 기능을 습득할 수 있도록 하였다. 연구결과: 제안된 기법의 시나리오 데이터는 지진관련 다양한 정보를 논리적 데이터로 가공하여 지진상황훈련을 위한 게임상 표현을 위하여 단순화, 추상화하여 체계적인 절차로 구현하였다. 결론: 시리어스 게임을 통한 학습으로 지진 상황 발생 시, 경상북도청 재난안전대책본부의 관련 공무원들은 다양한 지진재난에 신속한 대응이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.249-277
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• 2019

본 연구는 사회적 배제 상황에 직면한 개인의 심리를 즉각적(reflexive), 숙고적(reflective) 그리고 체념(resignation) 단계로 설명한 Williams(2009)의 욕구위협모델(need-threat temporal model of ostracism)에 기초하여, 대기업 임원들의 비자발적 퇴직을 알아보았다. 대기업 퇴직 임원 15명을 심층면담하고 그 내용을 현상학적 방법으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 욕구위협모델의 즉각적 단계에서 그들은 퇴직 직후 '인지적 공황'과 '정서적 공황'을 경험했다. 퇴직 통보라는 예기치 못한 충격적 경험으로 인해 사고의 마비를 가장 먼저 경험했으며, 그 다음 나타나는 부정적 정서를 인지적으로 억압하여 드러내지 않으려 했다. 숙고적 단계에서 퇴직자들은 '과거자신이 가장 잘 나가던 모습으로 완전한 복원'을 꿈꾸지만, 이런 기대가 좌절되는 상황에서 '비현실적 사고', '자기기만'과 '책임전가'로. 인해 현실에 더욱 부적응하게 되었다. 체념단계에서, 장기간의 욕구충족 실패는 그들에게 패배감과 무력감을 경험하게 했다. 이러한 결과를 Williams의 욕구위협모델과 비교 및 검토하였으며, 이러한 결과가 국가, 기업 그리고 퇴직자에게 은퇴에 대한 대처 관련 시사점을 논의했다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.133-162
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• 2001

Unexpected accidents in school has been gradually increased every year, and student's mistaken was the first reason of the accident. To preventing the students from Unexpected accidents in school, safety education is more important than having strong facilities to have much more strong protecting forces for the accidents. Therefore, systematic education of safety is needed most of all, and especially, strengthening safety education in school is needed. Hereby, this study is aimed at investigating and analysing the actual condition and demand of safety education. It also conducted a survey with the target of 1,255 students in the second grade of high school in Seoul from April 20 to May 19, and the result of this study is as follows. 1. In the general features of the subject of the survey, boy students and girl students occupied 50.8％ and 49.2％ each, and boys' high school (34.3％), girls' high school(32.2％) and co-ed(33.5％) participated in balance. In the location, north from Han river occupied 54.6％, south were 45.2％. 2. According to the status of experiencing an accident, boys were more experienced then girls(p〈0.05). From the section, home accident(56.8％) occupied most followed by school accident, traffic accident, sports accident and poisoning. The accident happening most often in detailed category is sports accident such as basket ball, foot ball and dodge ball. The actual condition of the subject's using a school health facility shows that boys students use it more often than girl students(p〈0.01) 3. In attitude toward safety, the subject showed lower interest in safety issues than other social issues. But attitude in seriality of safety problems were high. Also, they responded ‘individual citizen’(63.1％) as the one who should make efforts for safety. Regarding knowledge of preventing safety accidents in attitude toward individual safety, 42.2％ answered ‘they know a little’ and 32.6％ of respondents say ‘they do not know’. To a question of the degree of the subject's following safety rules, 36.4％ were answered ‘keeping’ and the group using a school health facility shows more ‘keeping’ the others(p〈0.05). 4. To a question of asking if they have experienced safety education, 51.2％ answered ‘yes’. Teachers who mainly take care of safety education are answered as training teacher(48.7％). As for education time, training class(51.3％) is said to have safety education most followed by health-related event and PE(Physical Education). Frequency of education shows once or twice a session (62.8％) most often, but in case of co-ed school, 5-7times a session or more(20.1％) are being practiced. Looking at education time, 1-2 hour(s)(22.1％) or for a short time(22.1％) during class are being practiced. As an education method, instruction(43.8％) and video education(32.5％) are being practiced, and when it comes to education evaluation method, ‘not practiced’(70.0％) answered. To the question if they are satisfied with school safety education, they answered more ‘no(43.1％)’ than ‘yes(6.7％)’, and the reason is that safety education class is just for formality's sake, and the fact they already know is being repeated. The contents of safety education is composed of school safety, home safety, and first aid. 5. It is turned out that 56.5％ of the total boy students and 61.1％ of the total girl students recognize the necessity of safety education. To the question if safety education is needed in an elementary and middle education course, 46.4％ of the subject answer answered' it's necessary'. The most reason for their answers are ‘safety education is directly related to life’. 6. Regarding the requested time of safety education is ‘one hour a week’ by 55.9％. For safety education, safety education teachers(38.7％) are answered to be the most proper. As a request for safety education, video education is answered to be the most appropriate(30.6％), followed by practical skills, lecture and discussion(p〈0.05). Demand of educational evaluation, practical skills, interview and observation are answered to be needed. To the question if they want to participate in the way of demanded safety education, 41.9％ of respondents answer ‘have a mind to participate in’ (41.9％). To benefits followed by completing safety education, 72.0％ of respondents answer ‘agree’, and 24.7％ ‘do not agree’, which means lout 4 disagrees with completing safety education. 7. Looking at demand of safety education according to the features of the subject, ‘our position for the person who has handicapped’ was answer to the most.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

The benefit that a consumer derives from the use of a good often depends on the number of other consumers purchasing the same goods or other compatible items. This property, which is known as network externality, is significant in many IT related industries. Over the past few decades, network externalities have been recognized in the context of physical networks such as the telephone and railroad industries. Today, as many products are provided as a form of system that consists of compatible components, the appreciation of network externality is becoming increasingly important. Network externalities have been extensively studied among economists who have been seeking to explain new phenomena resulting from rapid advancements in ICT (Information and Communication Technology). As a result of these efforts, a new body of theories for 'New Economy' has been proposed. The theoretical bottom-line argument of such theories is that technologies subject to network effects exhibit multiple equilibriums and will finally lock into a monopoly with one standard cornering the entire market. They emphasize that such "tippiness" is a typical characteristic in such networked markets, describing that multiple incompatible technologies rarely coexist and that the switch to a single, leading standard occurs suddenly. Moreover, it is argued that this standardization process is path dependent, and the ultimate outcome is unpredictable. With incomplete information about other actors' preferences, there can be excess inertia, as consumers only moderately favor the change, and hence are themselves insufficiently motivated to start the bandwagon rolling, but would get on it once it did start to roll. This startup problem can prevent the adoption of any standard at all, even if it is preferred by everyone. Conversely, excess momentum is another possible outcome, for example, if a sponsoring firm uses low prices during early periods of diffusion. The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of the adoption process in markets exhibiting network effects by focusing on two factors; switching and agent heterogeneity. Switching is an important factor that should be considered in analyzing the adoption process. An agent's switching invokes switching by other adopters, which brings about a positive feedback process that can significantly complicate the adoption process. Agent heterogeneity also plays a important role in shaping the early development of the adoption process, which has a significant impact on the later development of the process. The effects of these two factors are analyzed by developing an agent-based simulation model. ABM is a computer-based simulation methodology that can offer many advantages over traditional analytical approaches. The model is designed such that agents have diverse preferences regarding technology and are allowed to switch their previous choice. The simulation results showed that the adoption processes in a market exhibiting networks effects are significantly affected by the distribution of agents and the occurrence of switching. In particular, it is found that both weak heterogeneity and strong network effects cause agents to start to switch early and this plays a role of expediting the emergence of 'lock-in.' When network effects are strong, agents are easily affected by changes in early market shares. This causes agents to switch earlier and in turn speeds up the market's tipping. The same effect is found in the case of highly homogeneous agents. When agents are highly homogeneous, the market starts to tip toward one technology rapidly, and its choice is not always consistent with the populations' initial inclination. Increased volatility and faster lock-in increase the possibility that the market will reach an unexpected outcome. The primary contribution of this study is the elucidation of the role of parameters characterizing the market in the development of the lock-in process, and identification of conditions where such unexpected outcomes happen.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1973

본 보고는 양잠방법개선을 위하여 의잠의 우열분리효과와 자웅분리효과를 비교연구한 것이다. 교잡종에는 강건한 누에가 있는가하면 허약한 누에가 있으리라는 것은 쉽게 추측될수 있는 문제이며 양잠시에 특히 소잠시에 강건한 누에와 허약한 누에를 분리할수 있게 된다면 잠업증산에 막대한 기여가 되는것으로 확신한다. 필자는 이러한 목적에서 잠아우열분리제(Better Hybrid Controller ……BHC)를 개발함에 이르렀고 본제에 대한 기초조사와 실용결과를 다음과 같이 보고한다. 1. BHC 처리시의 기초조사 a) BHC 처리를 한 누에는 교잡종은 원종보다 뽕을 먹기 시작하는 속도가 빨랐다. b) BHC 처리한바 원종은 U자형으로 배열하여 뽕을 먹기 시작했으나 교잡종은 L자형으로 배열하여 뽕을 먹기 시작했다. c) BHC 처리시간이 길어질수록 상기분포가 둔화되었다. d) 교잡종에서 BHC처리로 2구분되었을때 먼저 섭상분리된 구분은 강건성잠으로 인정되었으며 우열분리비는 약 2 : 1이었다. e) 본제는 감잠비율을 악화시키는 일이 없었다. 2. 우열분리와 자웅분리결과 비교 a) 자웅분리시의 웅잠 견층비율은 자잠 견층비율보다 불과 0.4%의 차이를 보였다. b) 우열분리시는 양자간의 견층비율 차이가 0.7%였다. c) 우열분리시에는 견층비율이 대조구보다 1.6∼2.4%나 증대하였으며 비록 열구라 하여도 대조구보다 큰 차를 보였다. d) 이와같이 기대이상의 결과를 초래한 이유로서는 BHC 제가 잠체생리에 어떠한 좋은 작용을 한 탓으로 풀이 하였다. e) 한편 자웅분리시의 결과는 기대에 어긋나는 견층비율을 보였다. f) 그러나 생사비율에 있어서는 웅잠구가 자잠구보다 1%나 증대되었는데. 이는 웅잠구의 관계생사량비율이 87.4%나 된 결과에 기인하였다고 생각된다. g) 반면에 웅잠구는 해서율이 63%로서 각시험구중 최하위를 차지하고 있었다. h) 자웅분리나 우열분리나 간에 원료견 품위를 변화시키는 일은 없었고 다만 우열분리시는 견사장이 약 100m씩 증대되므로서 생산성을 향상시키고 있었다. I) 양잠수익성을 분석한 결과로서는 우열분리효과가 약 10%의 증수를 할수있음을 알았고 자웅분리효과는 오히려 부의 증수효과를 보였는데 그 주원인은 웅잠구의 생사비율증대가 용체중 저하로 증수효과를 발효하지 못했기 때문이라고 생각된다. j) 결과적으로 의잠시에 BHC 처리한 것이 잠업증산에 큰 기여를 하는 사실을 알게 되었다. k) BHC 처리는 우열 양구로 분리하여도 좋지마는 양구간 성적이 그렇게 크지 않았으므로 처리후 전례를 사육하여도 무방하다고 보았다. 3. 본시험에서는 웅잠사육은 소기의 증산목적을 달성할수 없음을 알았고 또한 의잠자웅분리의 필요성을 인정할수 없었다. 4. BHC 처리는 의잠을 밀폐기중에서 1∼2분간 방치하는 사이에 본제 증발기체의 작용으로 신경이 둔화되는 탓으로 섭식기간에 차이가 발생하므로 우열이 구분되는 것이며 작업이 극히 용이하여 양잠농가에서 쉽게 처리할 수 있는 방법이므로 고치 10% 증수가 가능한 혁신적인 양잠기술의 계기가 된다고 생각된다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.247-266
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate problems related to quality of life and to identify residents needs for the university educational program for the community residents. The data were analyzed by using $x^2$-test, F-test and multiple range test. Findings of this study provided some useful implications to develop educational programs for community people. These implications are as follows. In the aspect of home management, the need for education about time management was relatively high and the degree of time conflicts was varied to family size, educational level of house, housewife's employment status and outside work time. In the program area of economic life, education for enhancing ability to cope with unexpected events and impulsive consumption behavior, and education for money management technique and value clarification should be included. There were significant differences in the parents' role difficulties according to mother's age and income. Especially parents' role difficulties were children's social emotional development and educational activity. The major problems in management of clothing and textile products were the change of textile sensation, the poor quality of necessaries, and discoloration. This result suggests that education programs on management of clothing and textiles should be developed. In health and food management it showed that subjects were afraid of cancer, hypertension, cerebral vascular diseases in relation with food habits. Hence program of education for health and good food habits should be developed.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.192-201
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• 2016

풍력발전설비는 접근성의 문제로 주기적인 구조건전성 검사를 수행하기 어렵고, 기상상태를 포함한 주위 환경변화 때문에 예기치 못한 고장발생 가능성이 높아 이에 대한 보완책으로 상태감시시스템(Condition Monitoring System, CMS)을 운영하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CMS의 이상감시 성능 향상을 위하여 풍력발전기 주요 기계시스템에서 장기간 측정된 진동신호 분포를 통계적으로 분석하고, 운전 조건에 따른 진동 변화 경향을 파악한다. 이를 위하여, 풍력발전기 동력전달 및 전력생성부의 진동, 풍속, 주축회전수 등을 약 2년동안 측정한 데이터를 기반으로 운전 환경 및 조건에 따른 각 신호의 경향분석을 수행하고, 기계시스템 구조에 따른 신호별 상호연관성을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 풍력발전기 기계시스템별 진동은 주축회전수, 발전여부에 영향을 받고, 특정 주축회전수에서는 베이불(Weibull) 분포에 해당하는 진동분포가 나타남을 확인하였다. 이런 결과는 풍력발전기 CMS 시스템에서 기계적 이상발생 여부를 조기에 판단하는 기준을 제시할 수 있다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.137-160
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• 2003

The association between accounting earnings and the stock price of an entity is the subject that has been most heavily researched during the past 25 years in accounting literature. Researcher's common finding is that there are positive relationships between accounting earnings and stock prices. However, the explanatory power of accounting earnings which was measured by $R^2$ of regression functions used was rather low. To be connected with these low results, The prior studies propose that there will be additional information, errors in variables. This study investigates empirically determinants of earnings response coefficients(ERCs), which measure the correlation between earnings and stock prices, using earnings level / change, as the dependent variable in the return/earnings regression. Specifically, the thesis tests whether the factors such as earnings persistence, growth, systematic risk, image, information asymmetry and firm size. specially, the determinable variables of ERC are explained in detail. The image / information asymmetry variables are selected to be connected with additional information stand point, The debt / growth variables are selected to be connected with errors in variables. In this study, The sample of firms, listed in Korean Stock Exchange was drawn from the KIS-DATA and was required to meet the following criteria: (1) Annual accounting earnings were available over the 1986-1999 period on the KIS-FAS to allow computation of variables parameter; (2) sufficient return data for estimation of market model parameters were available on the KIS-SMAT month returns: (3) each firm had a fiscal year ending in December throughout the study period. Implementation of these criteria yielded a sample of 1,141 firm-year observation over the 10-year(1990-1999) period. A conventional regression specification would use stock returns(abnormal returns) as a dependent variable and accounting earnings(unexpected earnings) changes interacted with other factors as independent variables. In this study, I examined the relation between other factors and the RRC by using reverse regression. For an empirical test, eight hypotheses(including six lower-hypotheses) were tested. The results of the performed empirical analysis can be summarized as follows; The first, The relationship between persistence of earnings and ERC have significance of each by itself, this result accord with one of the prior studies. The second, The relationship between growth and ERC have not significance. The third, The relationship between image and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact shows that image cost does not effect on market management share, is used to prevent market occupancy decrease. The fourth, The relationship between information asymmetry variable and ERC have significance of each by. The fifth, The relationship between systematic risk$(\beta)$ and ERC have not significance. The sixth, The relationship between debt ratio and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact is judged that it is due to the effect of financial leverage effect and a tendency of interest.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.185-209
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• 2005

본 연구는 국제경제학, 산업조직론 등 경제학의 여러 분야에서 광범위한 관심을 끌어온 환율의 변화와 이에 따른 교역재의 가격변화, 즉 환율의 전이현상을 분석하였다. 세분화된 양모(wool)의 교역 데이터를 사용하여, 자국통화의 가치 상승과 하락에 따른 가격변화가 대칭적인지, 그리고 수출국과 수입국의 시장점유율이 미치는 영향이 있는지를 중점적으로 분석한 본 연구는 다음과 같은 결론을 제시한다. 우선 매우 동질적인 재화임에도 불구하고, 교역대상국과 재화의 종류에 따라 환율의 전이정도와 방향이 상당히 다르다. 그리고 정상적인 전이현상(normal pass-through)이 전체의 60%를 차지하고 있지만, 실증적으로 과도한 전이현상(excessive pass-through)이나 특이한 전이현상(perverse pass-through)이 약 40%에 다다른 것도 특기할 만하다. 과도하거나 특이한 전이현상은 교역당사자들의 전략적 행태의 결과로 이해되는데, 본 연구의 결과는 매우 세분화된 데이터를 사용할 때 이런 현상이 기존 연구보다 많이 발견됨을 보여준다. 또한 83개의 교역관계 중 39개의 경우에 환율의 가격전이가 통화가치의 상승과 하락에 따라 다르게 나타나 비대칭적 전이가 광범위한 현상이며, 시장점유율이 경우에 따라 전이의 정도를 결정짓는 중요한 변수가 될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.