• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.79-100
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• 2015

In spite of the various government policies to increase the jobs and to improve the employment environment, the unemployment rate has not reduced. The aims of this study are to analyze the structural mismatch(especially geographical mismatch) between job opening and job seeking, and thus to comprehend more deeply the factors affecting unemployment rates of economic regions in Korea. For the period of 2008~2013, the unemployment rates caused by geographical mismatches between job opening and job seeking have been increased steadily. For Chungcheong, Dongnam and Honam economic region, geographical mismatches of low-educated and low-skilled jobs showed relatively quite high, indicating that the job seeker have a strong tendency of preferring certain areas in looking for their jobs. It means that the job seeker can get a job only to move the other areas within an economic region. However, for Capital region, which is the largest job seekers in Korea, geographical mismatches in all types of jobs showed very quite low. So, it is very difficult for the job seeker to escape from unemployment when changing the other areas in looking for a job in Capital region. The results of this study gives an important implication that a nationwide uniform unemployment policy may not be effective to reduce unemployment conditions, and a differentiated unemployment policy should be established in considering the characteristics of geographic mismatches by the types of job in terms of the level of education and skill for each economic region.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.321-365
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• 2018

Though the British shipbuilding industry dominated the world market in the 19th century, it could not avoid the repetitive rise and fall of the unemployment following after the cyclical fluctuations. Without challenging the employers' rights to fire at will, the boilermakers maintained their own unemployment insurance in order to escape from the new poverty law system. In the beginning the craft union could continue their own unemployment insurance under the National Insurance Act of 1911, but it went into bankruptcy under the massive unemployment of the 1920s and the attacks of shipyard employers. The Act of 1911 was a step towards social solidarity in that it spread the risks beyond the occupational boundaries, applying unemployment insurance to unskilled and non-union workers, and the employer and the government also paid the premium. In the Great Depression, the shipyard trade unions demanded that the government should intervene in the shipbuilding market to provide jobs, but it was not accepted by the government. The government responded only to the another demand of the union for the maintenance, which could be achieved partially through the abnormal operation of the insurance system, abandoning the insurance principle. After all, unemployment in the shipbuilding industry was resolved only by the expansion of rearmaments and the outbreak of World War II. From the 19th century to the World War II, the craft unions did not challenge the employers' right to fire at will and did not attempt to regulate dismissal procedures or make any demands on dismissal compensations. During interwar periods rules and practices related with weak employment protection - one of the main features of the liberal employment adjustment institution - were prevalent in Britain. The principle of 'employment at will' could survive through the historical events such as the World War I, II as the operation of the unemployment insurance became the focus of the social conflicts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.379-391
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• 2015

This study aims to understand family support and self-efficacy-mediated structural relation of college students' unemployment stress with their adaptation to school life. Findings of the research are summarized as follows. The study looked into how unemployment stress would directly affect self-efficacy, family support and adaptation to school life. It was found that the unemployment stress would have immediate negative effects on the self-efficacy, family support and adaptation to school life. In addition, the study noticed that with both family support and self-efficacy applied as mediating factors, unemployment stress influences college students' adaptation to school life indirectly and negatively. After the investigation on the immediate effects of family support in relation to the self-efficacy, the study indicated that family support has an immediate positive influence on the self-efficacy. In terms of self-efficacy, it appeared to affect adaptation to school life both positively and directly but, its indirect effects on the adaptation to school life was not confirmed. The study failed to find any direct influence of the family support on adaptation to school life but learned that the family support causes an indirect positive effect through self-efficacy, the mediating factor. In conclusion, the study suggests that adaptation to school life improves as long as unemployment stress decreases, while the family support and the self-efficacy are enhanced.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.96-131
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• 2019

Initially entering into the job market during hard times with unfavorable market institutions has a persistent, negative effect on young workers' subsequent employment. This paper analyzes hysteresis in youth unemployment by using a composite fixed-effect panel data model. Data sets for the age-cohort unemployment rate and for labor market institutions are constructed from OECD statistics from 21 advanced economies, including Korea, from 1985 to 2017, and are then readjusted to match with the peculiarities of the Korean market. In Korea, with a less-aggressive stance on active labor market policy spending, a male worker who experiences a one percentage point higher youth unemployment rate when he was 20- to 29-years-old has a 0.146 percentage point higher unemployment rate at the ages of 30-to 34-years-old and a 0.035 percentage point higher unemployment rate at the age of 35- to 39-years-old. These figures are larger than those in most countries that have more aggressive spending schemes. These findings point out that hysteresis in the Korean labor market can be mitigated by expanding active labor market policy spending more aggressively and more effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.755-764
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• 2015

This study investigates if the relationships between hemline and macro-economic factors (rGDP, recession, and unemployment) are still applicable as well as analyzes time lags that reflect economic factors on the hemline index using U.S. data. The hemline theory and fashion cyclical theory were applied to propose the relationships studied. The data for the hemline measurements of women's day-wear were obtained from US Vogue spring and fall editions from 1950 to 2014. Data were standardized by dividing the length from shoulder to hemline by the length from the shoulder to ankle. I aggregated 2260 samples and hemline data to create a yearly average. This study used OLS of Stata 13 program to explore the relationship between macro-economic factors and hemline. The main findings were the recession and unemployment influenced hemline length for four years in a positive direction. Furthermore, the effects of previous recession and unemployment on the current hemline were very close to the significant level respectively. This finding supports the hemline theory in that a recessionary economy is related to longer hemlines and hemlines become shorter in flourishing economic periods.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.167-190
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• 2000

The Korean labor market is changing very fast after the economic crisis. In the middle of 2000, the unemployment rate has decreased to the less than 4% and wage income has recovered to its pre-crisis level. However, the number of employed and the labor market participation rate has not yet recovered, and income inequality is widening. In this situation, there is some concern about the potential for the histeresis phenomenon, which occurred in Europe after 1970, and means that a high unemployment rate could continued regardless of price levels. Therefore, focus should be placed on the labor market policy for the 21 st century reducing structural unemployment through creation of jobs in order to solve problems of unemployment and income distribution simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.7
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• pp.86-100
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• 2015

This study is to investigate the relationships between heel height and macro-economic factors - recession and unemployment; and to analyze the time lags reflecting economic factors on heel height index using U.S. data. The life-history evolution theory was applied to propose the relationships studied. The data for the heel height measurements of women's shoes - pump style only - were obtained from US Vogue fashion editorial sections on spring and fall editions from 1950 to 2014. I divided the heel height by the length of the shoes in order to standardize the data. Total of 1581 samples were used, and heel height data were aggregated to create a yearly average. To explore the relationships between macro-economic factors and heel height, this study used OLS of Stata 13 program. The main findings show that unemployment rates influenced heel height for three years in a positive direction. Furthermore, the effects of unemployment rate from two years ago on the current heel height were very close to being on a significant level.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Social media has many advantages. It can gain latest information with real time, be spread rapidly, easily be reproduced and distributed regardless of its form. These advantages can result in real time predictions using the latest information, which is possible due to the increase in social demand for more quick and accurate economic variable predictions. In this paper we adopted ARIMAX and ECM model to predict the unemployment rate and as a social information we used the Google Index provided by Google Trend. Also we used News Index as a domestic social information. The process of fitting statistical model considered in this paper can be adopted to predict various socio/economic indices as well as unemployment rate.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.681-693
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• 2020

This study sees a critical gap in the previous body of research, which it seeks to fill; the disclosure of the unemployment ratio correlation has only been measured by the level of economic growth. This study is to add investment variables and government expenditure variables that objectively aim to measure the level of effectiveness in handling the unemployment ratio, which is then a measurement of the effectiveness of unemployment. Economic growth is measured by its impact on income inequality through empirical, conceptual relationships as a critical review and economic strategy for the future. The research uses secondary data on Indonesian macro and microeconomics since 2003-2018, then testing uses a quantitative approach to correlation, regression, and scatterplot. The results of this study show correlations between variables, and volatiles on the graphs show a similar trend. In other words, variables are bound together and support each other. The strategy of prioritizing the scale of government expenditure and investment to reach the target is the primary concern, so that the economic cycle can be optimal and equipped to face the possibility of an economic recession in the future. Many factors cause complex income inequality, though investment does not show a correlation to income inequality.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.364-367
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• 2011

The levels of unemployment and poverty are extremely high and two of South Africa's most pressing problems. There is also a widely acknowledged need for housing and municipal infrastructure (water supply, sewerage, streets, storm water drainage, and electricity, refuse collection). From a theoretical perspective supported by experience elsewhere in Africa, there are reasons for considering that properly formulated employment creation programmes based on the use of labour-intensive methods could be established to construct and maintain the required physical infrastructure, thus creating employment, skills and institutional capacities. Over the past 30 years several projects have been initiated in South Africa to counter unemployment and poverty. Given the socio-economic conditions and political objectives (regarding development, employment creation and alleviation of poverty), it is anticipated that future large-scale construction projects will be proposed by the public sector (National, Provincial and Local Government). The paper will first examine the main tenets of the implementation of development projects through the use of labour-intensive construction and a description of progress elsewhere in Africa and their potential contribution which public works programmes could make to alleviate the poverty and unemployment problems. The research will then analyse the successes and challenges that have been experienced in South Africa in relation to the implementation of development projects over the past 30 years. The paper closes with recommendations and lessons for the future.