• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.111-121
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the historical changes, and analyze functions and characteristics of western men's underclothes in the second half of the 20C. This study will examine how the social backgrounds influenced on the changes of the functions of men's underclothes and how the changes of outer garments were reflected on underclothes in the second half of the 20C. In the early, the second half of the 20C, underwears of functions was continued to cleanliness and comforts. In the later of the 20C, underwears came to be seen as expressing male sexual power when it became body-conscious. By the changes of outer garments. underclothes changed the same size of proportion. In the late 1960's, the turtleneck type of shirts were copied by outer garments, and we understand that underwear can influence on outer garments. The ruffles of the 18th century reappeared in the 1960's. This reactionism of the late 20C tells us about the relation between social environments and underwear. So the social backgrounds influenced on the formativeness of men's underclothes. We understand that underwear can influence on outer garments and outer garments can influence on underwear, too. The important characteristics of the second half of the 20C were the remarkable resemblance of some styles to those of the Past and the occasional blurring of the distinction between underwear and outerwear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.272-283
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• 1999

Fetishism originated from the cultural and social products is related to many aspects of arts and sciences ; postmodernism psychoanalysis and subculture of pornography. Fetishism was reflected on fashion and now has been one of hot issues in high fashion, Waist was one of the erotic zone of body both in man and woman and sadomasockhistic fetishism was originated from physical damages on this zone. The aim of this experiment was to study what kind of fetishism was revealed on fashion especially in women and men's underwear fetish. In conclusion fetishism which has a long history and now been a one of popular high fashions in Western society is still unfamiliar to Korean fashion society. Researches of fetishism including deviant sex was still restricted in Korean society due to "Confuncianism" which has been a ruling philosophies in Korean culture. However the sex moral in modern Korean society is now being generous year by year and sex is no more a toboo to talk with. Fashion fashion will increase its market share in near future in Korea and 력\ulcorner studies of fetishism is needed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.743-751
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• 2011

For the reduction of menstrual pain, treatment and taking medicine will be able to reduce the temporary ache but the grievous pain will be able to occur with the side effect in medicine, if menstrual pain without side effect for health of the woman which is comfortable mind is possible, it will be able to minimize. Consequently for this study that wearing the underwear which irradiates a space energy reduce menstrual pain, the fundamental data which relaxes the various complex condition will be able to provide and effectiveness of space energy will be able to reduce menstrual pain. Research result, when the underwear which irradiates a space energy wore, the menstrual pain was decreased, the underwear satisfaction increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.737-744
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• 1999

Underwear made of plain and 1$\times$1 rib-knit cotton fabric were laundered to evaluate the change of the size and the tensile properties. For laundering pulsator and drum washers were used. After 30 washing cycles the amount of shrinkage and the extension were different with washer types. Underwear laundered by the drum type was shrunken in the neck line armhole line and hem line were extended and the bodice width and side length were shrunken,. Tensile strength of the knitted fabric was not decreased through repeated washings because the fabric density was increased. But it was confirmed by SEM that the surface of the fiber was damaged by washings.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.152-159
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• 2003

The considerations on the costumes of the past, which have been conducted to the present for the purpose of creating a new design, are not just a simple imitation, but playing a role as a re-creation of fashion. A corset, one of the underwear items, has an important role to exaggerate, emphasize, or modify the beauty of a human body. It also contributes to form a beautiful silhouette of the outerwear. Specifically, the role of a corset today is more than a physical modification: making an underwear into an outerwear; using detailed decorations or materials of an underwear in the part of other garments. In doing these, decorative functions of costumes have been more and more emphasized. Therefore, a study on the composition or design of a corset would be an important study on the garment item that reflects fashions required by this age. The significance of the study is in its potential to provide reference materials needed in creating new underwear designs or the designs that can be made into outerwear products, by trying and producing a corset of the past. To make the corset, the definition of underwear and the characteristics of a corset were explored based on the review of the materials in the foreign museums, relevant photographs, and literature. The corset was made after understanding its minute details and examining its patterns. Pattern drawing was carried out using a Pattern CAD. As an intial phase of reproducing the corsets in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the scope of the present study was limited to the late Renaissance age, when corsets began to appear.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2021

This study investigates the buying behavior pertaining to Japanese brands according to the degree of patriotism of consumers in their 20s. A survey of 235 university students was conducted; the survey questioned the basic purchasing attitudes of consumers in their 20s regarding outerwear and underwear and then surveyed the purchasing attitudes regarding U brand's (representative Japanese brand) outerwear and underwear. To detect the correlation between patriotism and U brand purchases, this study asked questions about patriotism and investigated basic personal information. The research results were as follows. First, there was a significant difference in consumer's purchasing attitude toward outerwear and underwear. When of consumers who are in their 20s purchase outerwear, its design was the most important factor, whereas when purchasing underwear, functionality was the most crucial factor. Second, it was confirmed that consumer's attitudes toward U brand's outerwear and underwear differed. Although the evaluation of U brand's outerwear design was not positive, the consumer tended to be satisfied with the price. U brand's score concerning the functionality of underwear products received a slightly positive response. Third, a total of 235 respondents were divided into a high- and low-patriotism-group based on questions about patriotism. There were significant differences in their attitudes toward clothing and consumer's purchasing behavior at U brand. Highly patriotic consumers thought negatively about U brand outerwear products in terms of price and product quality than low patriotic consumers; however, there was no significant difference only regarding design evaluation. For underwear products, low patriotic consumers were more positive about the price, design, and functionality of U brand products than high patriotic consumers.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 2009

The meaning of brassieres much more than a piece of underwear for women because breasts are considered the symbol of feminine sexuality, througout the history, women have used various intimate apparel or device to shape their body. In this article, have highlighted the relationships between fashion and technology, attractiveness, identity and, all of which are important components of aspects and evaluation of bra.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.342-349
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to develop data for a hygiene promotion program for elders living on rural islands. Method: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Results: Most of the elders reported brushed their teeth and washing their faces twice a day. For other types of washing, 98.8% of reported washing their hands after the toilet and 22.8% reported washing their anus after defecation. Most of the elders reported changing their underwear two to three times a month and cutting their nails more than four times a month. Itchiness was reported by 24%. There were significant differences according to age for teeth brushing, face washing, shampooing, bathing, washing hands after the toilet, and cutting nails. According to sex, there were significant differences in teeth brushing, face washing, washing hands after using the toilet, washing anus after defecation, changing underwear, cutting nails, and feeling itchy. The elders showed significant differences in bathing, changing underwear, and cutting nails according to subjective economic status. They showed significant differences in teeth brushing and changing underwear when they lived with their families. Conclusion: In order to develop a proper hygiene promotion program for the elderly, their age, sex, and physical condition should be considered as well as their environmental, economical, and geographical condition.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

This study analyzed the factors of change of women's underwear in the Renaissance, which had a sudden change of shape. First, the spirit of the Renaissance was focused on human-attached importance to glamorous beauty of the body and pursued the glamorous well-proportioned figure as the ideal of the human body. This expressed a woman's beautiful curved lines by reduction of their waist size and emphasis of breast and hip lines. It also created and emphasized one's physical figure, which is a characteristic of sex. Also the materials and size of underwear cleared up the classification of class. Second, through the development of weaving techniques, more textiles were produced, from linen, the most common material used, to silk in underwear and stomacher, and chemise, which was made more splendid be devising elaborate embroidery techniques. Third, as we know that the farthingale was devised in Spain and transmitted to France because of the prevalence of printing and trade, where it changed and developed to more convenient style, this shows that information interchange was active, and we can see the phenomenon that it is developing continually through the prevalence of printing and trade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.865-879
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• 1997

Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles Vol. 21, Nt. 5 (1997) p. 865∼879 The purpose of the study is to identify a historical change about the women's underwear and trousers this nation of ours until an ancient times to modern ages. Because the record of the women's trousers exist scarcely anything, the study refers to several documents, for example, the literatures of the Chinese and the Chosun Dynasty, the Koryu's fresco, the Tou of Shinra, the painting of the rock face, the archaeological dresses and genre pictures, and The folkways methods through the residents is used to collect and to arrange of an enlightened age and modern times. Originally, the women's trousers appeared for the nomadism and the hunting in the northern distric and the northeastern provinces. Male and female, old and young wear the trousers which are the clothes native to Korea. The trousers which are originally narrow trousers are influnced by Chinese wide trousers. The trousers at the time of Samsuk hand down until Korea. The Skirt on the trousers is nothing but a courtesy. But gradually, it is distinguished only the trousers, and then, there are exchanged an underwear which not only the protection angainst the cold but also the beautiful. Therefore, the form of skirt is diminished, and the underwear is simplified as the increasing status and the activity of woman in the age of civilization. In a way, the reform trousers and Three-kingdom era trousers appeared and the Dansogok and Sogok disappeared at present. There are confirmed in my investigation of folk customs.