• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.601-609
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• 1994

Uranium resources of Mongolia are generally confined to sediments deposited during Jurassic to Cretaceous volcanism. Territory of Mongolian uranium deposits is divided into four districts as follows; Mongol-Priargun, Gobi-Tamtsag, Hentii-Dauer, North-Mongolian. Potential uranium deposits were discovered by Airborne Gamma ray Spectrometric Survey(AGSM). One of them, Haraat deposit, which was interested to us, has been under detailed survey for exploitation by one of American companies, Concord company. The Erdes uranium mine is partly operated by about hundred Russian staffs at the open pit, while underground mining facilities such as the main hoist are almost closed. Ore minerals of the Erdes Mine are coffinite and pitchblende. Uranium content in ore ranges from 0.06% to 1%, averaging 0.2%. Ore reserves of uranium ore in the Dornod deposit including the Erdes Mine accounts 29,000 ton. It is reported that Uranium resources of Mongolia are 1,471,000 ton.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.315-318
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• 2008

유비쿼터스 도시의 개념이 등장하면서 도시관리에 대한 중요성이 점차 부각되어가고 있다. 특히 지하시설물에 대한 안전한 관리는 안전한 도시를 표방하는 유시티 에서는 없어서는 안될 중요한 공공서비스라 할 수 있다. 최근 이러한 도시의 지하시설물의 안전한 관리를 위한 체계적인 관리 방안에 대한 연구가 국토해양부를 중심으로 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 지하시설물의 특성상 안전하고 체계적인 관리를 위해서는 무엇보다 지하시설물에 대한 정확한 위치좌표를 알아야 하고 지하시설물에 일어나는 변화에 대한 정보를 수집하기 위해 센서적용기술을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 유비쿼터스 도시 내 지하시설물 구축과정에서의 절대위치확보 방안과 각 지하매설물별 특성을 고려한 센서적용방안에 대한 내용을 기술하였다.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2008

This article describes power supply infrastructure construction methods which are considered from U-City infrastructure. For the eisting city and town, it is one the issue to find an economic method to construct outside infrastructure including ubiquitous service device. Because the economic construction method could minimize the construction budget which cost big portion of U-City. And the power supply infrastructure is the fundamental layer to keep network and service layer stable. This paper suggests several ways to construct methods with keeping pre-constructed underground power cable by attaching inepensive power nodal controller working in zigbee network and introduces how to monitor and mana ge the status of power supply to network and service device.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.83-86
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• 2008

도시의 많은 시설물을 좀더 지능화된 체계로 관리하기 위한 수단으로 RFID/USN을 이용한 솔루션이 다양하게 제안되고 있다. 최근에 상하수도, 전력, 가스, 통신 관로 등 지하시설물 관리분야도 기존의 도면 관리체계에서 센서를 이용한 실시간 운영관리시스템 형태로의 진화를 시도하고 있다. USN은 일반적으로 무선전송을 기반으로 발전시킨 기술로서 이를 지하 매설물 센서네트워크에 적용할 경우 여러 가지 제약사항이 따르게 된다. 전자기파의 물리적 특성상 지하에서는 통신이 어렵기 때문에 이를 보완할 수 있는 적용기술 및 시설물 분포에 맞는 네트워크 토폴로지 또 싱크 노드의 물리적 설치공간 확보 및 구동전력 공급 등 현장에서 부딪히는 여러 가지 네트워크 구축에 관련된 현안사항에 대하여 그 해결방법에 대하여 기술하였다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2016

Many improper development action were performed at subsurface environment, because there were not any definition about subsurface environment in Korea. The purpose of this study was to establich a definition on subsurface environment. Subsurface environment could be divided by subsurface natural environment and subsurface living environment. The soil, groundwater, ecosystems, landscapes, underground space (naturally occurred) were included in subsurface natural environment. And space and facilities used by human were classified as subsurface living environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.124-125
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• 2019

The use of road cutters in the maintenance of obsolete underground facilities maintains polluting dust, cutting sludge, etc, polluting the air environment, soil, and water, causing civil complaints caused by noise, and consequently interrupting work. Therefore, it is time for eco-friendly pavement cutting technology for fugitive dust and cutting sludge emission management and noise management. This study was based on research by the development of eco-friendly pavement cutting technology in urban areas. In this study, the current state of existing road cutters is investigated and the patented technology analysis of road cutters is conducted to derive the design elements of eco-friendly pavement cutting technology.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2021

This paper statistically analyzes the time required for each failure cause and describes a diagnostic method for 159 reports of failure analysis of MV cables that occurred in the distribution system of KEPCO over the past 18 years. In addition, the manufacturer's failure rate compared to 100C-km was calculated using 381 cases of MV cable deterioration failure between 2008 and 2020. It is hoped that this paper will help those in charge of maintaining underground facilities at the business office to use the failure rate to prioritize facility diagnosis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the impact of a smoke-free policy on indoor air quality at indoor recreation facilities by assessing $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations before and after the implementation of the new policy. Methods: Using real-time monitors, $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were measured in 50 billiard rooms and 50 golf simulator rooms in Seoul, Korea. The characteristics of the indoor recreation facilities, smoking status, and atmospheric conditions were recorded at the same time.After the enforcement of a smoke-free policy, $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, installation of smoking room, and smoking status were examined when the facilities were revisited. Results: Almost a half of the billiard rooms and over 80% of golf simulator rooms were located underground. Seventy percent of the billiard rooms and one hundred percent of the golf simulator rooms were equipped with a local exhaust ventilation system. After the implementation of the smoke-free policy, 46% of the billiard rooms and 20% of the golf simulator rooms newly installed a smoking room. In the billiard rooms with a newly-installed smoking room, the $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations decreased from 97.9 to $45.6{\mu}g/m^3$ after the implementation of the smoke-free policy. The same change of 29.0 to $ 26.3{\mu}g/m^3$ was not statistically significant in golf simulator rooms. Indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were correlated with outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations, number of smokers, and number of people in the room. Conclusions: The smoke-free policy for indoor recreation facilities was not effective at making the indoor spaces free from second hand smoke. Although a few billiard rooms installed a smoking room, indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were still higher than those of outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ or atmospheric $PM_{2.5}$. Stricter enforcement of the smoke-free policy should be achieved to prevent secondhand smoke exposure.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2010

Recently, 2D GIS technology is applied for urban facility management. However, urban facilities are located in 3D space and the information loss is occurring during data abstraction from 3D urban facility to 2D object. Also, the number of urban facilities is increasing steadily and most of urban facilities are located in underground space in the city. Therefore 2D urban facility management system has a limitation on visualization and management for a large number of urban facilities. In this paper, a multi-dimensions urban facility management system based on multi-texture technology is proposed. The proposed system reduces the information loss and improves the readability of information by visualizing urban facilities on 3D virtual space. A multi-texturing technology is applied for integrating of 2D vector data and 3D raster data, and a multi-thread technology is used for improving speed and performance of the system. The proposed technology can be used as a guideline for urban facility monitoring as providing visual information of a facility status with 3D image and facility data.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.282-289
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• 2022

Background: Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in the air and exposure to an airborne fungus can be a significant risk factor. The composition of fungi has been potentially important for human health, especially for respiratory diseases like asthma and atopic dermatitis. Therefore, we attempted to ascertain what kind of airborne fungi affect human health at a nationwide level. Objectives: This study was carried out to provide information on indoor fungi distribution at multi-use facilities throughout South Korea. Methods: We classified our data by region and public facility after collection, cultivation, and identification via the sequencing of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region. We investigated whether or not the proliferation of HaCaT cells was affected by the identified airborne fungi. Results: In our data, the most isolated airborne fungi by region were Penicillium spp (Seoul, Daegu), Periconia sp (Gyeonggi-do), Iprex sp (Gangwon-do), Phanerochaete sp (Busan), Bjerkandera sp (Gwangju), and Aspergillus sp (Jeju-do). In the public facilities, the most detected fungi were Cladosporium sp (public transport), Penicillium sp (apartment house, retail market, financial institution, karaoke room), Bjerokandera sp (underground parking lot, public toilet, medical institution), Periconia sp (retail store), and Fusarium sp (general restaurant). Next, we selected twenty airborne fungi to examine their cytotoxicity and proliferation of human skin cells. In this experiment, the proliferation of the cells was influenced by most of the identified fungi. In case of the cytotoxicity test, most genera except for Rhodotorula sp and Moesziomyces sp showed cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. Conclusions: The distribution of mold in the indoor air in multi-use facilities in South Korea differs from region to region, and this is an indicator that should be considered in future health impact studies. In addition, as a result of culturing about 20 types of bacteria dominant in indoor air, it was found that most (90%) inhibit the growth of skin cells, which can be harmful to health. An in-depth study of the health effects of floating fungi is needed.