• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.23-27
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• 1997

Bio-Green(B.G.) functional water was manufactured by Kyungwon Enterprise Co. through a series of processes ; water longrightarrow ultra-purification longrightarrow adding catalysts longrightarrow energy imprinting fermenting with energized water + zeolite and others + photosynthetic bacteria in fermenter longrightarrow filtering. Control(0), 5 or 10 liters of B.G. functional water were supplied to the orchard soil under canopy of 10 year old 'Tsugaru'/M26 apple trees on March 20, May 20 and June 20, 1995, respectively. Some orchard soil characteristics, not only pH, but also Ca and Mg of exchangeable cations were increased by supply with B.G. functional water. However, P$_2$O$_{5}$, K, and B contents were not influenced by the treatment. At harvest time soluble solid content of flesh and anthocyanin of fruit skin were increased by the treatment. B.G. functional water treatment showed higher root activities, and photosynthesis of leaves than that of control. Also B.G. functional water treatment showed higher Ca content in fruit skin and flesh tissues, whereas not affected N, K, and Mg contents. During storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ cold room, the more volume of B.G. functional water supply showed lower bitter pit symptom. Respiration and ethylene evolution in fruit were decreased, while fruit firmness increased by the treatment during storage.e.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.268-278
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• 2010

This study derived the effectiveness analysis results of construction of wastewater treatment plant under climate change scenarios. Canadian Global Coupled Model (CGCM3) was used and A1B and A2 of Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) were selected. Regional climate change data for this application were downscaled by using Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and the flow and BOD concentration durations were obtained by using Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF). The criteria for low flow and water quality were chosen as $Q_{99}$, $Q_{95}$, $Q_{90}$ and $C_{30}$, $C_{10}$, $C_1$. The numbers of days to satisfy the instreamflow requirements and target BOD concentration were also added to the criteria for comparison. As a results, small wastewater treatment plant improved the water cycle due to the increase of low flow and the decrease of BOD concentration. But climate change affected the reduction of effectiveness significantly. Especially in case of construction of small waste water treatment plant in the upstream region, it is necessary to take climate change impact into consideration since it is usually related to the low flow and the water quality of the stream.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.103-115
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to establish acceptable criteria for the design of simple water treatment plant in rural areas. To develop efficient simple water treatment methods for rural areas, water quality in the study areas was investigated and rapid and slow filtrations in pilot-scale were tested under various conditions. The main results of this study are as follows. It was found that the water qualities of the study areas exceed the drinking water standards, which implies that some treatments are required in rural areas. Treatment efficiencies of both rapid sand and dual-media (sand and anthracite) filtration without pre-treatment such as flocculation and sedimentation are very low, which were turned out to be unadequate for the rural areas. Treatment efficiencies of both vertical and horizontal slow filtration without chlorination are very high for consumed $KMnO_4, NH_3-N, NO_3-N$, turbidity, and very low for coliform and bacteria. Treatment efficiencies of both vertical and horizontal slow filtration with chlorination are very high over the most pollutants. A slow filtration with chlorination is efficient for the rural areas. An adequate depth of sand layer is over 60 cm. A horizontal filtration is more economical than a vertical filtration. A horizontal filtration can be operated for a relatively long periods of time without sand washing or replacement because clogging is removed by simple back-washing.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

The key point in establishing water quality management measures is how to decide the load reduction for pollution sources. This study was performed to compare reduction methods for BOD loadings to achieve water quality standards at the end of the Yeongsan river. The target year is 2006 and 2011 and reduction methods are uniform treatment and treatment by influence rate. Using QUAL2E model, the study was performed under the conditions of establishing and non-establishing the publicly owned treatment works(POTWs). Uniform treatment which allocate the same reduction rate to pollution sources showed that all streams into the river should be applied for the reduction. However, treatment by influence rate which allocate the reduction rate by the order of influence rate showed that achieving target quality might be possible with a few streams for the reduction. But total amount of load reduction of streams was not significantly different from two methods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2003

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are frequently exposed to unfavorable environments during growing seasons and water is the most important factor limiting for the production system. The purpose of this study was to determine the leaf water potential changes by irrigation, and to evaluate the relationships of leaf water potential, growth and yield in soybeans. Three soybean cultivars, Hwangkeumkong, Shinpaldalkong 2, and Pungsannamulkong, were planted in growth chamber and field with irrigated treatments. Leaf water potential of three soybean cultivars was positively correlated with leaf water content during vegetative and reproductive growth stages in growth chamber and field experiments. Leaf water potentials measured for three soybean cultivars under growth chamber were higher than those of under field conditions. Higher leaf water potential with irrigated plots under field was observed compared to conventional plots during reproductive growth stages. Leaf water potentials of three soybean cultivars were continually decreased during reproductive growth stages under field and there was no significant difference among them. Number of leaves, leaf water content, pod dry weight, number of seeds and seed dry weight with irrigated plots were higher than those of conventional plots. The results of this study suggested that leaf water potential could be used as an important growth indicator during the growing season of soybean plants.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.411-420
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drinking water containing trimethyl glycine or ascorbic acid on growth performance and blood parameter profiles of duck exposed to scorching heat stress. A total of 480 ducks were randomly assigned to the following eight experiment groups for 42 days : control group C with general water, treatment group 1 (T1) with drinking water containing 100 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 2 (T2) with drinking water containing 200 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 3 (T3) with drinking water containing 300 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 4 (T4) with drinking water containing 400 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 5 (T5) with drinking water containing 800 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 6 (T6) with drinking water containing 1,200 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 7 (T7) with electrolytes of KCl (0.5%) + $NaHCO_3$ (1.0%)+NaCl (0.5%). Our results revealed that the body weights and feed intakes of treatment groups, especially T3 and T6, were increased compared to the control group, where as the feed conversion ratios of treatment groups were decreased (p<0.05). Blood levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, glucose, AST, ALT and pH in treatment groups were lower compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). Blood levels of red blood cell, platelets profiles, electrolyte and gas in treatment groups were higher compared to those of the control group (p<0.05).

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 1999

For application of a yellow pigment as food additives, stability of a water-soluble yellow pigment from Bacillus sp. PY123 was investigated. The yellow pigment from Bacillus sp. PY123 was purified with pH treatment, activated carbon and silica gel column chromatography. The partial purified yellow pigment appeared only one spot on silica gel TLC after 12 evaporation and under irradiation of UV 253nm at dark room. Rf value of the pigment was measured at 0.04 and 0.12 with development of a solvent mixture (Butanol : Acetic acid : water = 4 :1:5) and a solvent mixture (Isopropanol : Ammonia : Water = 9 :1: 2), respectively, The partial purified pigment appeared a white fluorescence under UV365nm irradiation. The partial purified yellow pigment had a main peak and a minor peak on HPLC using 20mM phosphate buffer(pH 7.0) at 1ml/min flow rate. The partial purified pigment was stable at heat treatment, acidic pH, oxide-reductants and surfactants.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.617-624
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• 2011

In order to confirm the creation of the OH radical which influences to RNO bleaching processes, it experimented using laboratory reactor of dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP). The experiments performed in about 4 kind process variables (diameter of ground electrode, diameter of discharge electrode, diameter of quartz tube and effect of air flow rate) which influence to process. In order to examine optimum conditions of design factors as shown in Box-Behnken experiment design, ANOVA analysis was conducted against four factors. The actual RNO removal at optimized conditions under real design constraints were obtained, confirming Box-Behnken results. Optimized conditions under real design constraints were obtained for the highest desirability at 1, 1 mm diameter of ground and discharge electrode, 6 mm diameter of quartz tube and 5.05 L/min air flow rate, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 1997

The characteristics of wastewater treatment according to operating condition of indirectly aerated fluidized bed filled with sand media were studied experimentally, and the obtained results were as follows; 1. During be operated under the BOD loading rate, $4.5kg-BOD/m^3{\cdot}day$, effluent SS according to the increase of recirulation velocities was gradually decreased. 2. According to the increase of media concentration, sludge convertion rate was gradually increased. 3. Under the same BOD loading rate, according to the increase of recirulation velocities, F/M ratio was gradually increased, however, sludge convertion rate was greatly decreased. On the other hand, inffluent BOD concentration has not an important effect. 4. Under the constant recirulation velocities, according to the increase of BOD loading rate, sludge convertion rate was gradually increased. 5. Under the same BOD loading rate, according to the increase of recirulation velocities, oxygen consumpion rate of microorgnism was gradually increased.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.756-760
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• 2007

Most of the sewage treatment plants in Korea are being operated by using the conventional activated sludge process. Recently, as the water criteria have been strict with regard to such main culprits of eutrophication, the existing sewage treatment plants are obliged to upgrade their treatment technology to meet the criteria. Under such circumstances, this study was aimed at analyzing the conditions of an existing sewage treatment plants in Korea, and thereupon, test its treatment performance for the actual sewage water by operating a pilot plant. When the pilot plant was operated with the NPR process at the capacity of $30m^3/day$, the average contents of BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N and T-P in the effluents were 7.0 mg/L, 9.7 mg/L, 5.1 mg/L, 8.0 mg/L and 0.23 mg/L, respectively, which were very stable in general. Accordingly, if the NPR process used for this pilot plant to upgrade the treatment technology for the sewage treatment plat could be adopted, the effluent water quality criteria effective beginning from 2008 would be met.