• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.361-375
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of 3~5 year old children attending kindergarten and childcare facilities in 2010 and 2014. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2010 and 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) and included 509 subjects aged 3~5 years old attending kindergarten and childcare facilities. Results: In 2014, rate of skipping meals by children was 16.2%, an increase of 5.5% compared with the rate of skipping meals by children in 2010. Calcium intake in 2014 was 397.41 mg at 3 years old, 419.27 mg at 4 years old, and 414.01 mg at 5 years old. For the mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) of subjects in 2010 and 2014, MAR at 3 years old (0.86) was significantly lower than those at 4 and 5 years old (0.90, 0.91) (p < 0.01). In 2010 and 2014, EAR intake at 3 years old (2.72) was significantly higher than those at 4 years old (2.14) and 5 years olds (1.92) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: As a result, compared with 2010 before establishment of the Children's foodservice management center, there was no improvement in the polarization of nutrient intake of children in 2014. Therefore, researchers believe that a continuous monitoring system developed by nutrition experts and children's foodservice management center are needed to improve the nutritional status of children. Of children between the ages of 3~5 years old, those with intakes under EAR were mostly 3 years old. Therefore, researchers suggest that the infant age group of KDRIs, which is classified as 1~2 years old and 3~5 years old, needs to be reestablished considering the growth and development of infants.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determined the rate of sensitization to food allergen in children with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Korea. A total of 3,783 patients (male = 1983, female = 1800) with AD (age under 18 years) who had visited Samsung Medical Center from 1998 to 2003 were enrolled in the study. Food hypersensitivity was measured by specific IgE to egg, cow's milk, soy, peanut, wheat, buckwheat, beef, pork, chicken, shrimp, crab, salmon, mackerel, etc. Specific IgE levels > 0.7 kU/L. by Captured Allergen Product (CAP) assay were considered positive. Chi-square test at p value < 0.05 was used to examine the difference of the prevalence by sex and age. The rate of sensitization to multiple food allergens was 31.2% and decreased with age. Hypersensitivity to egg showed highest prevalence, which was 24.3%, compared to the prevalence of other foods. High prevalence of hypersensitivity to milk. wheat, soy, peanut, crab or shrimp was observed (11.6- 17.7%). Low prevalence of hypersensitivity to beef, pork, tuna or chicken was observed (1.9-3.5%). Children aged under 3 years had significantly higher prevalence of hypersensitivity to egg, milk, soy and beef than children aged at least 3 years. Our results stress the need for examination of food hypersensitivity aimed at identified and limited each food allergen among children with AD caused by food to help patients outgrow their food allergy.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2019

Purpose: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is an important public health problem which contributes to significant number of under five deaths. Protocol based management significantly decreases risk of deaths in children with medical complications. Methods: Outcome of children aged 2 months-5 years admitted and fulfilling definition of SAM having diarrhea (group A) was compared to children with SAM having medical complications other than diarrhea (group B). Both groups were managed according to standard recommended protocols and monitored and followed up for 12 weeks after discharge. Results: The average weight gain, defaulter rate, primary failure, secondary relapse rate and readmission rate were similar in both groups. Length of stay in group A was three days longer (p-value=0.039). Discharge rate was comparable with overall 68% of children successfully discharged and 50% of children reaching weight/height > -2 standard deviation at follow-up of 12 weeks. Conclusion: The current management protocol is equally effective for managing children with SAM having diarrhea. Good adherence to management protocol of dehydration and timely modification of therapeutic feeds in children with persistent diarrhea results in satisfactory weight gain.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.133-148
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• 2021

Objective: This study is to confirm the effect of mothers' perception of children's rights on the happiness of infants under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Methods: This study was conducted on 383 mothers with children aged 3 to 5 attending daycare centers in Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Results: First, the difference in perception of children's rights according to the mother's general background did not show a significant difference in the mother's perception of children's rights, and the child's sense of happiness showed a statistically significant difference in the mother's education and child's gender. Second, there was a positive correlation between the mother's perception of child rights and the child's sense of happiness. Third, the effect of mothers' perception of child rights on children's happiness was significant, and in the sub-factors, it was found that the perception of participation rights had a significant effect on children's happiness. Conclusion/Implications: In this study, it was confirmed that mothers' perception of children's rights is important in promoting the happiness of early childhood children. Through this study, we would like to raise the need for parental education based on education on children's rights for mothers' awareness and practice of children's rights.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 1981

Research on children should be perferably made in reference with the past thinking if it is to be affirmed by the present and to predict the future. In this respect, Buddhism, which is one of the major original thinkings in the Orient as well as the most influential religion upon Koreans daily lives and attitudes, deserves to be researched in the light of education of children. In this thesis, I have made a trial to delve into the original Buddhistic scriptures to find out Buddha's outlook on home children and arrived at the following conclusions: 1. Concerning human development stages, Buddha regarded the starting point of human life from fertilization instead of birth, even at that ancient time, and the fetal life was devided into 4, 5, or 8 stages. 2. In spite of the numerous scriptures by Buddha, very little is written about children, and even these teaching did not regard the child as an independent entity. In addition, since Buddha was a person of superior enlightenment, he did not regard the age of human beings as of great importance. 3. On the relationship between parents and children, Buddha warned the extra ordinary attachment of parents toward children, because such attachment would be an obstacle in the search of truth. This idea was originated from his thought that the relationship between parents and children was not a single fixed one but of unlimited variation through numerous life times of reincarnation. This idea gives some illumination upon the problems of today's education where parent's exclusive attachment to their children and over-protection are hindrance for successful education. 4. Buddha put emphasis on parents' social duty, by which he meant that parents should care and accept not only their biological children but all children and all living things as if they were their own children. 5. Regardeding the children's role to their parents, Buddha taught that children should respect and support their parents under any condition. Buddha also emphasized that true filial piety was to help parents to improve their religious status by helping them attain the truth, morality, and wisdom. It is my intention to investigate Buddha's View tin children of entering pristhood.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1980

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of arch circumferences during the deciduous dentition period. 600 stone models of maxillary and mandibular arches obtained from the children aged 3,4, or 5 years were under measurement. 1. Arch circumferences increase with age both in males and in females. 2. Arch circumferences of males are longer than females at the age of 4 and 5, but no notable differences at the age of 3. 3. Arch circumferences of upper arches are longer than those of lower arches.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.223-239
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• 2009

In order toidentify the daily activities of five-year-old children in a daycare center, the 23 children in "Yellow" class at "Yellow" Daycare Center were observed for seven months. Research was informed by a qualitative approach. Findings were that : children were rigidly attached to a time frame built into their daily classroom schedule, arranged by time and classroom space allotted to each unit. The meaning to the children was to be found in their "busyness;" they were very busy finalizing activities imposed by teachers within a short period of time. They spent most of their time moving about from one space to another within the classroom, and they played with their mostly artificial toys under rules set by the teacher.

• School Mathematics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.441-457
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to compare affective characteristics of mathematically gifted children and average students, by analying self-tests of self-efficacy and attitudes about mathematics. we survey 109 children from Mathematically Gifted Education Institutes located in Busan, and students from 6 elementary schools, each two graded A, B, and C, where schools graded A and B refer to so-called schools with concurrent and general classes and C schools with, semi-special and special classes ones. Those schools are determined through the consideration of geographical, cultural, and environmental conditions of 48 elementary schools under Seobu Educational Office, Busan Metropolitan City. From each of the six schools, a 5th-grade class is selected. That is, 205 students from 6 classes are finally selected. Results of the study can be described as follows. First, mathematically gifted children score higher on whole attitudes about mathematics and interest, preference, and confidence in each subarea than children from schools whose location is classified as A, B, and C. Irrespective of genders, mathematically gifted children are scored higher in the whole attitudes about mathematics than children from schools classified as A, B, and C. Second, mathematically gifted children are higher in score for self-efficacy than children from schools graded A, B, and C. Regardless of gender, mathematically gifted children are scored higher in self-efficacy than other groups of children. But mathematically gifted children's score is not significantly higher than that of children form schools graded A.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.43-56
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• 2010

This study explored time-use patterns of young children and compared the patterns according to mother's employment status. Using 6718 time diaries of 3359 children under age 5, as reported by their mothers, this study examined (1) the proportion of children who spent time on certain activities and the amount of time they spent on each activity for a weekday and a weekend day and (2) the proportion and the amount of time that children spent with certain adults. Compared to children with unemployed mothers, children with employed mothers spent more time during weekdays in child care centers and less time sleeping. These children also spent more time on education during weekends. The proportionate and actual times children spent with various adults also differed by the mother's employment status. Those with employed mothers spent less time with their mothers and more time with other relatives or teachers on weekdays. These results indicate that maternal employment corresponds with differing timeuse patterns from children's early life stages.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.195-206
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the current trends of children patients with convulsion. Children convulsion patients who visited the Pediatric Department of the Oriental Medicine hospital were investigated and analyzed. Method : 90 children complaining convulsion who visited the Department of Pediatrics of Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital, between March, 2005 and October 2005 were statistically analyzed. Results : The percentage of boys outnumbered the girls. The percentage of children under the age of 5 18 66.7%. The percentage of children with family history is 43%. The majority of children had visited the hospital twice (n=21). As for intercurrent diseases, there were URI, C.P., ADHD, CHD, sequela of encephalitis and etc. As for the result of EEG examinations, 25 children were normal and 18 were abnormal. As for the appearance of seizures, Tonic-Clonic seizure was the most common seizure among the children (n=13). As for the type of convulsion, simple febrile convulsion was the most common (n=35). As for the curative effect. the percentage of children who showed improvement to treatment was 41.2%. Jangdambosintang, sunbangpaedoktang, gamichodeungeunm, gamichungeumchowitang and etc were the most frequently prescribed medicines.