• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2020

An emerging interest in healthy eating has led to an increase in the consumption of rice mixed with various types of grains. Cooked rice was prepared with five different seaweeds, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum fulvellum, Enteromorpha compressa, Undaria pinnatifida, and Gracilaria verrucosa, and the antioxidant activity was measured. In addition, the antioxidant activities of 80% ethanol and methanol extracts of the five seaweeds were compared. Total phenolic content (TPC), total reducing power (TRP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) cation radical scavenging activities of the ethanol extracts were higher than those of the methanol extracts. The TPC of raw seaweed ethanol extracts was from 7.58 to 26.27 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g. The antioxidant activities of both extracts of Hizikia fusiformis were the highest among the five seaweeds, and the antioxidant activities of the cooked rice were lower than those of the raw seaweed extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of cooked white rice, mixed grains, barley, and a mixture of white rice and barely added with Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum fulvellum and Undaria pinnatifida were 3.17, 23.12, 31.11 and 10.66%, respectively. These results demonstrate the addition of seaweeds to cooked rice helps to improve the antioxidant activity compared to white rice alone.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2003

Plant ash and soil drainage, derived by frequent mountain fires during winter, might cause biological contamination to seaweeds at seashore and river mouse area. To thalli of Ulva pertusa, maximum non-lethal concentration(MNLC), lethal concentration 50 $(LC_{50})$ and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of pine needle ash were shown as 60, 350 and 550 mg/mL, respectively. The yellow loess and granite sand did not damage at concentrations of 20 and 200 mg/mL, respectively To thalli of Porphyra yezoensis, the MNLC, LC5O, MLC of pine needle ash were shown as 0.08, 0.4 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Effects of yellow loess and granite sand were approximately 1/2 and 1/10 of the ash. To thalli of Undaria pinnatifida, the pine needle ash, yellow loess and granite sand did not damage at the concentration range of 20 to 40 mg/mL. Change of pigments $(chlorophyll\;\alpha,\;lutein,\;\beta-carotene,\;phycoerthrin)$ was also determined at the MNLC, $LC-{50}$ and MLC of pine needle ash. Among three seaweeds tested, P. yezoensis produced the most 2.7-fold of lutein and 2.3-fold of $\beta-carotene$ at $LC-{50}$ of the ash. Thus the P. yezoensis, appeared as a sensitive indicator, could be used as one of test organisms for determination of the biological effect of pollutants contaminated in marine environment.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

Volatile components of crude fucoidan and its raw material, Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls were identified by GC/MSD analysis, and the effects of a combined method of solvent extraction and drying (hot-air drying or spray drying) on deordorization of fucoidans were examined. The major components of seaweed smell (odor) in crude fucoidan and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls were identified as alkanes (octadecane, heptadecane, tetradecane) and acids (hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid). Solvent extraction and drying were combined for the deordorization of fucoidans: hot-air drying/deordorization process (HDDP) and spray drying/deordorization process (SDDP). The deordorization effects of solvent extraction using solvents including water, ethanol, and acetone were investigated. Among the tested solvents, ethanol was selected as a deordorization solvent, because the seaweed smell and taste were mostly lowered by ethanol extraction followed by drying. In addition, HDDP and SDDP were compared, showing that SDDP gave higher sensory characteristics than HDDP. When the crude fucoidan was treated by ethanol extraction for 30 min followed by SDDP, approximately 60% of off-flavor components of crude fucoidan was removed based on GC/MSD peak area, and the total sugar and sulfate contents and APTT-anticoagulant activity significantly increased compared to crude fucoidan. In conclusion, SDDP after ethanol treatment was proposed and established as a deordorization process for fucoidan preparation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1065-1070
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• 2009

Experimental design for ecological restoration approach was investigated from the P' company's slag dumping area with higher pH value. The degree of pH recovery was measured by the injection of carbon dioxide from the LNG exhaust gas, and the residual carbon, for example, calcium and carbonate which can be controlled by artificial seaweed beds. The degree of adaptability from 3 algaes (Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum horneri and Ecklonia stolonifera) and uptake nutrient function of Ecklonia stolonifera chosen in the first treatment were measured in the laboratory to determine the transplanting algae in artificial seaweed beds. The higher value of pH was decreased to 7.0~8.5 by injection of LNG exhaust gas with flow rate $20\;m^3/min$. In the experiment design at laboratory, the upper part of frond of Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum horneri began to decay, and the color changed after 10 days. However, those of Ecklonia stolonifera were after 14~20 days. The uptake rate of nutrient from Ecklonia stolonifera was higher than those of other algaes, and those was similar pattern in the control (e.g. seawater); The DIN concentration uptake of Ecklonia stolonifera was $1.88\;{\mu}g/L/hr$ avg. in leachate, but $2.19\;{\mu}g/L/hr$ avg. in seawater. However, the ${PO_4}^3$-P concentration uptake was $0.18\;{\mu}g/L/hr$ avg. in leachate, but $0.31\;{\mu}g/L/hr$ avg. in seawater. These result indicated Ecklonia stolonifera uptaked these nutrients in the leachate as well as in seawater, and it may suggested for this species to transplant for constructing artificial seaweed beds.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2008

Seaweed biomass was estimated using a nondestructive sampling method in the rocky intertidal and subtidal zone in Daejin on the mid-east coast of Korea from August 2006 to April 2008. Seasonal sampling were done at the depth of 0, 1, 5, 10 m using 50 x 50 cm quadrat. A total of 95 species, including 11 chlorophytes, 26 phaeophytes, 57 rhodophytes and one sea grass were identified. Mean biomass was comprised of 1,292 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ and the biomass values varied seasonally from 904 g to 1,945 g. Dominant species in biomass were Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. yezoense), Corallina pilulifera, Phyllospadix japonica, Symphyocladia latiuscula, Hizikia fusiformis, Codium arabicum and Chondrus ocellatus at Daejin. The vertical distribution of algae were characterized by Corallina pilulifera, Symphyocladia latiuscula, Sargassum spp. (S. confusum, S. yezoense), Hizikia fusiformis and Grateloupia elliptica at intertidal zone, Sargassum spp. (S. fulvellum, S. horneri, S. yezoense), Phyllospadix japonica, Codium arabicum, Undaria pinnatifida and Corallina pilulifera at 1 m depth, Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. micracanthum, S. yezoense), Phyllospadix japonica, Grateloupia elliptica, Gelidium amansii and Codium arabicum at 5 m depth and Phyllospadix japonica, Codium arabicum, Sargassum spp. (S. horneri, S. micracanthum, S. yezoense) and Undaria pinnatifida at 10 m depth.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2003

Various bacterial strains were isolated from rice field ditch water, and their seaweed degrading activities were investigated. They were incubated in a liquid medium of sea tangle (Laminaria iaponica) and sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) powder for 3 weeks. Ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar of the liquid medium were measured once a week. Ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar of 27A311, 27C221 27A111 and 27B121 strains were highest. Accordingly, these four strains were incubated in 3 different liquid media of sodium alginate, sea tangle powder, and sea mustard powder for 3 or 4 weeks. The ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar and cell growth were measured once a week. Cell growth was higher in 27A111 and 27C221. Ratios of reduced sugar to total sugar was higher for 27C221 in the liquid mediums with sodium alginate and sea mustard powder, and for 27A111 in the liquid medium with sea tangle powder.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2000

부착성 규조류는 전복 치패의 성장 및 생존율을 향상시키는데 있어서 중요한 초기 먹이생물이다. 본 실험은 이러한 부착성 규조류를 먹이로 하여 동일한 치패군에서 성장이 늦은 소형치패를 빠른 시일내 성장을 회복시키기위한 것으로서 이에 대한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 동일한 개체군에서 성장이 늦은 소형치패를 선별하여 7종의 규조를 먹이로 사육한 성장회복 실험결과에서 치패의 생존율은 C. schroderi, P. tricornutum 및 Raphoneis sp.에서 93.33~96.67% 범위로 유의적인 차이가 얼이 높았고, 성장은 C. schroderi구에서 일간성장량이 112.6 ${\mu$m로 가장 높았다. 부착성 규조중 C. schroderi와 미역을 먹이로 한 실험과 자연 발생된 부착성 규조류와 미역을 먹이로 하여 치패를 사육한 실험에서 생존율은 전반적으로 유의적인 차이가 없이 87.8% 이상의 높은 값을 보였다. 그러나 치패의 성장은 미역을 먹은 치패가 26.7~43.3 ${\mu$m,${\mu$m C. schroderi와 자연발생된 규조를 먹은 치패가 74.8~81.4 ${\mu$m의 일간성장량을 보여 미역보다 규조를 먹은 치패가 2배 정도의 높은 성장을 보였다. 따라서 소형치패의 성장회복을 위하여 미역보다는 규조류 특히, C. sckroderi가 가장 적합하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.604-607
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 표면적이 높은 제올라이트나 촤를 지지체로 이용해 알칼리금속을 담지시킴으로써 염기 세기를 증가시켜 전이에스테르화 반응에 있어 보다 좋은 활성을 가지는 고체촉매를 만들고자 하였다. 제올라이트는 KOH 수용액으로 담지하였고, 미역촤는 calcium nitrate를 담지하여 염기의 세기를 증가시켰다. Hammett 지시약과 $CO_2$-TPD를 통하여 촉매의 특성을 분석하였다. 대두유과 메탄올을 사용하여 바이오디젤을 합성한 후 지방산 메틸에스테르 함유량을 측정함으로서 촉매의 활성을 알아보았다. 일정량까지는 담지량과 활성이 비례하였으나, 과량 담지 시 오히려 활성이 감소하는 결과를 보였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1997

Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed experimental diet, and also were orally daministerred with 3.0% ultra low viscosity (ULV) sodium alginate-added functional drink(AL-3.0% group : HAEJOMIN), 5.0% polyedxtrose(PD)-added drink(PD-5.0group) and 2.5% polydextrose-added drink(PD-2.5 group) for 8 weeks. Effect of rhese dietary fiber-added functional drinks on body weight, feed and gross efficincies, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, LDL- cholesterol levels, hydroxyl radical and malondialdehyde levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of SD rats were evaluated. Administration of AL-3.0 drink and PD-5.0 drink resulted in a marked inhibition in increase of body weight compared with control and PD-2.5 groups for 8 weeks. Inhibition effect in body weight in 3.0% alginic acid-added drink )AL-3.0 froup_ showed a same trend in 5.0% polydextrose(PD)-added drink (PD-5.0 group)(p<0.001). Therefore, it is found that inhibition effects of obesity in 3.0% alginic acid-added drink were higher 2 times than that in same concentration of polydextrose(PD)-added drink. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels in AL-3.0 and PD-5.0 groups significantly decreased to 25$\sim$30% compared with control group(p<0.01$\sim$0.001), but there were no significant differences in these drinks. LDL-cholesterol levels in AL-3.0 group significantly decreased about 15% compared with PD-5.0 group, but atherogenic index in AL-3, 0 group showed a similar trend to that in PD-5.0 group. Hydroxyl radical formations and lipid peroxide(LPO) levels in AL-3, 0 and PD-5.0 groups significantly decreased to 15% and 20%, respectively, compared with control group(p, 0.05$\sim$0.01), but there were no significant differences in these drinks. Superoxide, dismutase(SOD) activity in AL-3.0 group significantly higher (about 255) than those in control and PD-5.0 groups(p<0.01). These results suggest that administration of ULV-sodium alginate-added functional drink(HAEJOMIIN) effectively can not only inhibit obesity, but also can intervent chronic degenerative disease and aging process.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.336-340
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• 1984

미역에서의 알진산 추출조건과 그 추출잔사의 아미노산 조성을 검토하였다. 알진산의 추출에 있어서는 시료중량의 60배량의 1.0% $Na_{2}CO_{3}$용액을 추출제로 사용하여 $80^{\circ}C$에서 추출하는 것이 가장 수율이 높았으며, 추출시간은 3시간 이상이 적합하였다. 또한 알진용액에서 알진산겔을 석출하는 과정에서 용액의 pH를 2.0으로 조절할 때 가장 수율이 높았으며, 이때 석출제로서 10% $H_{2}SO_{4}$를 사용할 경우가 10% HCl의 경우보다 높은 수율을 보였다. 알진용액을 분리한 후 잔유되는 추출잔사의 성분을 분석한 결과 조단백질이 51.5%(건물기준)였으며, 아미노산 조성에 있어서는 제한아미노산이 lysine으로서 단백가는 41.5였다.