• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1999

2,4-Dichlorophenol was known pollutants caused by the endocrine disruptor into the refractory substances of environment and this is difficult to be degradable by conventional methods. Therefore, a considerable interest has been devoted to developing new process where 2,4-Dichlorophenol can easily decomposed. In this study, the series of ultrasonic irradiation for removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenol has been selected as a model reaction in the batch reactor system in order to obtain the basic data investigate the influence of various experimental parameters such as concentration, pH, reaction temperature, acoustic intensity. The products obtained form the ultrasonic irradiation were analysed by GC/MS and HPLC. The formation of $H_2O_2$, a well-known the strong oxidant was found proportionally to increase with irradiation time. The intermediates of ultrasonic irradiation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol were identified as HCl, catechol, hydroquinone, o,p-benzoquinone, muconic acid, and maleic acid. The final products of this was $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. As the decomposition of 2,4-Dichlorophenol proceeds by the ultrasonic irradiation, the pH of 2,4-Dichlorophenol containing aqueous solution increases slowly, The decomposition of 2,4-Dichlorophenol was found to be occured fast in the basic medium. In general, the rate of reaction is proportional to the reaction temperature obeying the Arrhenius' law. However, in the ultrasonic irradiation, this suggests as the reaction temperature increase the decomposition rate of the reactant decreases. This result meant that the increase of reaction temperature due to the increase of vapor pressure of water accelerated the decrease of acoustic intensity which was can be proportional to the decomposition rae of these compounds. It was found that more than 80% of phenol solution was removed within hours in all reaction conditions. The reaction order in the degradation of the 2,4-Dichlorophenol compounds was verified as the Pseude-first order. From the fore-mentioned results, it can be concluded that the refractory organic compounds caused by endocrine disruptor as 2,4-dichlorophenol could be removed by the ultrasonic irradiation with radicals, such as $H{\;}{\cdot}{\;}and{\;}OH{\;}{\cdot}$ radical causing the high increase of pressure and temperature. Finally, it apeared that the technology using ultrasonic irradiation can be applied to the treatment of refractory substances caused by endocrine disruptor which are difficult to be decomposed by the conventional methods.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2001년도 추계 기술심포지움
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• pp.138-140
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• 2001

Fluxless flip chip bonding using plasma & ultrasonic wave was investigated in order to evaluate the effect of plasma & ultrasonic treatment on the bondability of the Sn-3.5wt%Ag solder bumped die to TSM-coated glass substrate. The $Ar+10%H_2plasma$ was effective in removing tin oxide on solder surface. The die shear strength of the plasma-treated Si-chip is higher than that of non-treated specimen but lower than that of specimen bonded with flux. The die shear strength with the bonding load at 25W ultrasonic power increased to 0.8N/bump for all bonding temperature but decreased above 1.0N/bump.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.809-822
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• 1998

Adequate root preparation in the treatment of periodontal disease often involves mechanical instrumentation to remove plaque, calculus perhaps contaminated cementum. Although meticulous scaling and root planing may remove some cementum, the use of aggressive root planing to remove cementum does not appear warranted. So ultrasonic device and rotary instrument appear to be replacing hand instrument. But it is not clear those instruments make smooth root surface as hand instrument. The roghness of the root surface were evaluate with SEM following instrumentation with Gracey curette, Perio Clean and piezo ultrasonic device(Setlec) with various tip. 20 extracted teeth were used in vitro experiment, and 9 teeth of a patient destined for extraction for periodontal reasons were utilized in vivo experiment. It was demonstrated that hand curette created the smoothest surface, while diamond tip tended to roughen the root surface. But the hand curette, Perio Clean, and piezo ultasonic device with scaler tip tend to remove cementum completely. Piezo ultrasonic device with curette-like tip made the desirable smooth surface with partial removal of cementum.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1993

In this study the ultrasound which has the properties of mixing, surface cleaning effect, increasing of the effective reaction surface area and increasing of the effective collision frequency, was used to enhance the recovering efficiency of Cu from the Cu-ion containning waste water. The ultrasonic reactor used in this study was dsigned and constructed for improving the disadvantage of the existing ultrasonic reactor From the experimental result and its analysis. we obtained following conclusions. 1. The ultrasound increased the rate of electrochemical deposition to 582.2% in maximum at the Condition of 0.1M-CuSO$_4$and 2.1V-overpotential. 2. This study gave the possibility of the scale-up of ultrasonic reactor and In particular, ultrasonic reactor would be effective in treatment of waste water contains a low concentration of Cu ion.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

Two spaniel dogs were presented with a history of lethargy, weakness, refractory hypoglycemia, and episodic seizure. A pancreatic mass on the distal end of the left limb was identified through screening tests including dualphase CT angiography in each patient. Canine insulinoma was suspected with low blood glucose, low fructosamine, and normal to high serum insulin levels. Exploratory laparotomies were performed, and partial pancreatectomy using an ultrasonic-activated scalpel was achieved without enzyme leakage or fistula formation after surgery. The lesions were definitively diagnosed as insulinoma via histopathologic examination. One dog has been doing well until POD 870 with medication; in the other dog, diffuse hepatic nodules noted during surgery were confirmed as a liver metastasis. This dog died at POD 45. This case report addresses the utility of the ultrasonic scalpel in partial pancreatectomy for the treatment of canine insulinoma and differences in prognosis according to disease stage.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.956-966
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• 2003

The purpose of study is to find out a suitable cleaning method for excavated textiles of Jeon-ui Lee(1570∼1647). The textiles were excavated from her tomb in 1997, and her descendents put them in a box without any treatment and kept them in the warehouse since then. We used two kinds of silk as samples, non-dyed and dyed textile. The experiment was performed by 8 kinds of wet cleaning and dry cleaning methods, an ultrasonic cleaner was used in the wet cleaning, decane and perchloroethylene were used as solvents in the dry cleaning. The use of the ultrasonic cleaner in the wet cleaning method did not show any damage to the fibers of the textiles and it not only cleaned well but also was safe for the fugitive dyes. It resulted in more effective cleaning when the detergent was used together. Therefore, it is effective to use the ultrasonic cleaning on the delicate historical textiles and helpful to the operator's safety and environment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.294-298
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• 2018

This report presents a rare case of feline exocrine pancreatic ductal carcinoma including treatment and prognosis. A 4.6-year-old castrated male American Shorthair cat, weighing 5 kg was presented with intermittent vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Through physical examination and radiography, a cranial abdominal mass was identified. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out. The largest mass was connected to the left lobe of the pancreas, and there were several small, nodular masses scattered along the abdominal lining. The pancreatic mass was removed using an ultrasonic scalpel, and the patient recovered favorably. Histopathologically, the resected lesion was diagnosed as an exocrine pancreatic ductal papillary carcinoma. The patient was maintained with conservative therapy and euthanized on post-operative day 262. Partial pancreatectomy using an ultrasonic scalpel was accomplished safely without evidence of pancreatic leakage.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2009

침전 및 고액분리 후 활성오니 공정 즉 분뇨 오수의 2차 처리공정까지를 거친 돈분뇨슬러리를 대상으로 하여 미세용존 오존 및 초음파와 자외선 그리고 과산화수소 등을 조합하여 적용한 고도처리 시험결과를 요약한 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 돼지분뇨 오수 시료를 대상으로 하여 오존과 UV를 적용하였을 경우 전반적으로 색도와 오염성물질의 농도가 줄어드는 경향이 있었다. 2. 미세용존 오존을 이용하여 오존농도 $52\;g/Nm^3$ 조건에서 색도농도가 각기 다른 시료를 대상으로 하여 30분간 반응시켰을 경우 색도는 각각의 처리구 공히 처리시간의 경과에 따라 감소하는 결과를 보였다. COD를 포함한 오염성 물질의 농도도 처리시간의 경과에 따라 감소하였으며 자외선과 과산화수소 등 유기물질의 분해 및 산화력을 가진 물질의 첨가는 오존처리의 효율을 높이는 역할을 하였다. 3. 오존처리에 의해 처리수 중의 대장균과 살모넬라 수가 감소하였으며 과산화수소를 첨가할 경우 그 감소효과는 더 증가하였다는 경향이 있었다. 오존과 과산화수소수를 병합처리 하였을 경우에는 $7.5{\times}10^\;CFU/mL$ 이었던 살모넬라가 처리 후 10분 만에 10 CFU/L 이하로 낮아졌으며 20분 처리 후에는 오존과 과산화수소수를 병합한 처리구에서는 검출되지 않았다. 이 결과는 과산화수소의 짝염기인 ${HO_2}^-$가 OH 라디칼의 생성을 촉진함으로써 살모넬라 등의 세균감소 효과를 높인것에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2009

나노클레이는 높은 종횡비와 불연성, 나노 스케일의 크기로 인해 고분자 나노복합체의 첨가물로 널리 이용되고 있다. 최근엔 나노클레이를 폴리우레탄 폼에 적용함으로써, 열적 특성 및 기계적 특성이 향상되었다는 연구결과들이 있다. 본 연구에서는 폴리우레탄 폼의 물성에 대한 나노클레이의 농도와 초음파 분산의 효과에 대해 기술하였다. 제조된 나노클레이/폴리우레탄 폼의 특성은 복원시간, 압축변형, 셀의 모양 및 인장 실험 등을 통해 분석되었다. 그 결과, 초음파처리는 나노클레이의 분산에 매우 효과적이었고, 소량 첨가 시에는 폼 물성의 향상을 보였으나, 3 wt% 이상의 나노클레이 첨가는 오히려 물성의 저하를 초래함을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 초음파를 통해 분산시킨 20A 나노클레이 1 wt%가 첨가된 폴리우레탄 폼이 균일한 셀 사이즈와 뛰어난 치수안정성 등의 가장 최적화된 물성을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과는 건축용 단열재 등의 제조에 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2009

Stone cultural heritages are mostly situated in field, so they are damaged from mechanical, chemical and biological weathering, and their degree of strength is also weaken. Therefore, the scientific conservation of the stone cultural heritages are necessary in order to the long-term maintenance and safety conservation. In this study, we attempt to estimate on the field application of consolidants which are Wacker OH 100, Remmers KSE 300 and 1T1G according to the quality of the rocks. Based on the ultrasonic velocity, conditions of weathering damage before treatment are mainly ranked completely weathering condition (CW) or partly highly weathering condition (HW). After the first treatment, weathering damage conditions are changed by the high weathering condition (HW). These results shows that the internal pores of stone are filled with consolidant materials, so average ultrasonic velocities increases after treatment. And Remmers KSE 300 which is consolidant material is highest rate of increase of average ultrasonic velocities.