• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2012

The ISO document of ISO/TC/190/SC3/WG11/N11 is a working draft of international standard (WD) dealing with analytical method for the determination of explosives and related compounds using high performance liquid chromatography. The scope of this WD covers the storage of samples, preparing test portion, extraction and instrumentation. The main purpose of this study was to improve the extraction conditions which were already adopted in the WD. For this purpose, mechanical shaking method could be corresponded up to 18 hours of ultrasonic bath extraction in the WD was tested. Methanol was also tested with the intention of being added as an extracting solvent other than acetonitrile in the WD. According to the results, 16 hours of mechanical shaking method showed statistically the same effectiveness as that of 18 hours of ultrasonic bath extraction. In case of extracting solvent, methanol also showed statistically the same extraction capability as acetonitrile for DNB, TNT, 2-A-DNT and 2,4-DNT. However, the recovery rate of TNB with methanol extraction was 40% higher than that of acetonitrile extraction. Through adding mechanical shaking method into committee draft (cf. the next stage draft of the WD during the process for making international standard), ISO standard of analyzing explosives and related compounds in soil would become more useful in dealing with huge number of field samples in the laboratory. In other aspect, adopting methanol as an alternative extracting solvent would be very effective in the terms of exchangeability with GC-ECD/MS method which is being developed by German experts.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Background : A new extraction method-heated ultrasonic extraction was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for the extraction of major ginsenosides from ginseng extract; this new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was compared with the official extraction method of Korean industrial standards and standard for health functional food. Methods and Results : Ginsenoside compounds were analyzed for 35 minutes by the new HPLC analysis method using a Halo$^{(R)}$ RP-Amide column. The new HPLC analysis method was validated by the measurement of intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of each ginsenoside. The correlation coefficients (r2) for the calibration curves of the ginsenoside compounds were over 0.9997 in terms of linearity. The heated ultrasonic extraction method using ultrasonication for 30 minutes at $50^{\circ}C$ yielded higher amount of ginsenosides than the extraction method of the Korean industrial standards owing to the enhancement of extraction efficiency. Conclusions : Compared to the other extraction methods, the heated ultrasonic extraction method yielded a higher amount of ginsenoside Rb1 than Rg1 index compounds for the quality evaluation of ginseng roots.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2016

Objectives: In general, NIOSH method 5506 is most widely used for the occupational exposure measurement of PAHs, but 2-4 ring PAHs have poor desorption efficiency, especially for a filter. The purpose of this study was to determine a method to increase the desorption efficiency of 16-PAHs using an ultrasonic extraction procedure. Methods: Test samples prepared spiked XAD-2 tubes and PTFE filters in the range of $0.01-1.0{\mu}g/mL$ for desorption efficiency study. Four different extraction solvents, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane, were tested in order to select the most suitable solvent for the extraction of the 16 PAHs. The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide and sonication time were considered in order to determine the method with the highest extraction efficiency. All samples were made in three sets and analysis was replicated seven times by HPLC. Results: Acetonitrile and acetone were the optimized as an extraction solvent and desorption efficiency of 2-ring PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene were increased 3~19% with dimethyl sulfoxide for XAD-2. Acetone was the best extraction solvent for PTFE filter and the desorption efficiency was increased 3~13% for 2- to 4-ring PAHs. The optimum sonication time was 60 minutes and desorption efficiency increased with extraction time. Conclusions: As a result, the best extraction solvent was acetone with dimethyl sulfoxide for ultrasonic extraction procedure and the desorption efficiency of this method was better than NIOSH 5506's. This study could be applied as a method for occupational exposure measurement of PAHs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2003

Pinosylvin, a stilbenoid phytoalexin, is a health ingredient to be extracted from pine leaves. In this study, ultrasonication-assisted extraction process for manufacturing extracts with high content of pinosylvin from pine leaves was investigated. As process and system variables, ultrasonic power, sonication time and solvent ratio were selected. According to the experimental results, the effective yield of pinosylvin increased with the increase of ultrasonic power and sonication time and the decrease of solvent ratio. When the ultrasonic power of 2400 W/L was added to the solution of pulverized pine leaves of 8 g per 1 L of a solvent for 10 minutes, yield of extracts and purity, effective yield and concentration ratio of pinosylvin were 0.3166 g/g, 0.7247 mg/g, 0.2294 mg/g and 23.0, respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.921-927
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• 2001

카올린으로부터 알루미나를 추출 노는 한성에 미치는 초음파 효과를 조사하기 위하여 반응시간, 반응온도 및 산농도의 동일한 조건하에서 알루미나 추출 및 합성에 초음파 조사법과 재래식법을 사용하였다. 재래식법에 비하여 초음파 조사법은 $60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$, $1{\sim}6\;h$ 및 $1{\sim}5\;M$ ${H_2}{SO_4}$와 같은 다양한 조건하에서 알루미나 추출을 촉진시켰다. 초음파 조사법 및 재래식법에 의해 합성된 침전물과 하소된 시료들의 특성들이 DTA/TG, XRD, SEM, PSA, BET 등에 의해 분석되어졌다. 특히, 재래식법으로 합성된 하소시료들에 비하여 초음파 조사법으로 합성된 시료들은 상대적으로 입자 크기는 작고, 비표면적이 큰 특성을 자지고 있었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2009

AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry)를 이용한 방사성 탄소연대측정법으로 퇴적물 및 토양시료를 측정하기 위한 화학적 전처리법의 유기물 회수율을 개선하기 위하여, 초음파를 이용한 방법을 개발하였다. 일반적으로 널리 쓰이는 부식산 전처리법 중 단계 마다 사용되는 스터링법을 대신하여, 초음파 (ultrasonic)를 사용하고 초음파 출력, 반응 온도, 반응 시간 등 실험조건을 결정하였다. 유기물 함유량이 적어 연대측정이 불가능했던 시료에 대한 탄소 회수율이 6배 향상되어 다량의 시료를 얻기 힘든 연대측정분야에서는 매우 중요한 개선이 이루어졌다. 또한 동일 시료에 대해 초음파법과 스터링법으로 처리한 시료의 연대측정결과를 비교하여 초음파법이 회수율 향상 이외에는 연대측정결과에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하여 실용성이 있음을 증명하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of soaking and ultrasonic extraction by observing the change of contents with extraction time of physicochemical properties (solid content, colorness, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, total polyphenols, DPPH, and ABTS). As a result of the analysis, solid content increased with longer extraction time and the whiteness tended to decrease with longer extraction time. Conversely, the extraction of functional materials showed a tendency to increase as the extraction time increased. Caffeine reached the maximum value after two hours soaking, but showed the same result as one hour for sonication. Chlorogenic acid did not show difference from the content of coffee extracted for one hour soaking only by sonication extraction for 30 minutes. The total polyphenols eluted with approximately two hours of soaking even after 30 minutes of sonication. DPPH and ABTS were insignificant in their concentrations, but their antioxidative effect was more than two hours of soaking with only 30 minutes of sonication. Sonication has a short time extraction from a functional aspect (caffeine content, chlorogenic acid, polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity) and this experiment can provide basic data for the development of innovative recipes.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.319-331
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 한인진으로부터 항염 및 항산화 활성이 뛰어난 추출물을 추출하기 위한 용매 및 추출법을 개발하여 최적의 추출 조건을 확인하였다. 증류수, 에탄올, 메탄올, 헥산 및 EA를 추출 용매로 한 초음파, 초고압 추출법과 초임계 추출법으로 추출을 한 후 NO 생성 저해 활성과 DPPH free radical 소거 활성을 비교 확인하였다. 그 결과 항염, 항산화 활성, 수율 및 안전성을 모두 고려하여 볼 때 에탄올 용매의 초음파 추출법이 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 이를 바탕으로 초음파 최적 추출 조건을 설정하기 위해 반응표면분석법(RSM)을 사용하여 연구한 결과, 수율의 최적 추출 조건은 에탄올 함량(45.71%), 추출 시간(63.33 min), 초음파 출력량(308.84 W)일 때, 15.85%의 가장 높은 수율을 보이는 것으로 예측되었고 실제 수율은 $16.40{\pm}0.28%$였다. 항염과 항산화 복합 활성의 최적 추출 조건은 에탄올 함량(94.54%), 추출 시간(90.00 min), 초음파 출력량(400.00 W)일 때, 각각 94.54%, 58.03%로 가장 높은 값을 보이는 것으로 예측되었고 실측검증에서 각각 $89.77{\pm}1.37%$, $60.12{\pm}0.39%$으로 예측 값과 유사한 결과를 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.2637-2642
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• 2011

A new ultrasonic-assisted micellar extraction and cloud-point pre-concentration method was developed for the determination of major saikosaponins, namely saikosaponins -A, -C and -D, in Radix Bupleuri by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). The non-ionic surfactant Genapol X-080 (oligoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether) was chosen as the extraction additive and parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized. The highest yield was obtained with 10% (w/v) Genapol X-080, a liquid/solid ratio of 200:1 (mL/g) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 40 min. In addition, the optimum cloud-point pre-concentration was reached with 10% sodium sulfate and equilibration at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Separation was achieved on an Ascentis Express C18 column (100 ${\times}$ 4.6 mm i.d., 2.7 ${\mu}M$) using a binary mobile phase composed of 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile. Saikosaponins were detected by ELSD, which was operated at a $50^{\circ}C$ drift tube temperature and 3.0 bar nebulizer gas ($N_2$) pressure. The water-based solvent modified with Genapol X-080 showed better extraction efficiency compared to that of the conventional solvent methanol. Recovery of saikosaponins ranged from 93.1 to 101.9%. An environmentally-friendly extraction method was successfully applied to extract and enrich major saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2009

참취, 좀개미취, 큰금계국, 기생초 꽃 추출물의 항산화효과를 증가시킬 수 있는 적정 추출방법을 개발하기 위하여 환류냉각추출한 추출물과 15, 30, 45분 동안 초음파 추출한 추출물의 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. 추출수율은 모두 초음파 추출물에서 높게 나타났다. 종에 따라 적정 추출시간은 다르게 나타났으나, 4종 모두 초음파추출물이 환류 냉각추출물 보다 DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거능 및 Ferrousion chelating 활성이 우수하거나 유사하였다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드의 함량 또한 대체로 초음파추출물에서 높게 나타났으며, 4종 모두 추출시간이 길어질수록 항산화물질 함량도 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 참취와 큰금계국 꽃 추출물의 지질과산화 억제활성을 비교한 결과, 참취 꽃은 환류냉각추출물, 큰금계국 꽃은 초음파 15분 처리구에서 지질과산화 억제활성이 우수하였다. 연구의 결과, 식물 종 및 목표로 하는 항산화 효과에 따라 추출시간에 차이는 있으나, 초음파추출이 환류냉각추출보다 추출시간이 짧고 항산화 효과를 증가시킬 수 있는 효과적인 추출방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.