• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2003

Emission of ultrasonic vibration to turbulent flow promotes the turbulence generation due to the resonantly oscillating pressure field and thereby induced cavitation. In addition, ultrasonic vibration is well transmitted through water and not dissipated easily so that the micro-bubbles involved in the fluid induce the gaseous cavitation if the bubbles are resonated with the ultrasonic field. In the present study, we found through LDV measurement that the gaseous cavitation induced by ultrasonic vibration to CO$_2$saturated water flow in the rectangular cross-sectioned straight duct enhances turbulence much more than the case of non-ultrasonic or normal ultrasonic conditions without gaseous cavitation. We also found that the fluctuating velocity component induced by emitting the ultrasonic vibration in normal direction of a rectangular channel flow can be redistributed to stream-wise component by the agitation of gaseous cavitation.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1798-1803
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• 2003

Surface and edge finishing processes are important technological operations of in parts machining. Quality of the finished parts directly affect the performance of the whole product. Especially, edge quality, which depends on burr control, is extremely important. Burrs are undesirable projections of the material beyond the edge of the workpiece. A number of deburring processes have been developed such as barreling, brushing, chemical methods etc. But, there are only few publications in the area of applying ultrasonics to deburring. When ultrasonic vibration propagates in the liquid medium, a large number of bubbles are formed. These bubbles generate an extremely strong force, which can be used to remove burrs. Cavitation is used as a term to describe the erosion of parts caused by the action of cavities in liquid. The object of this study is to analyze the effects of ultrasonic cavitation in the deburring process. For this purpose, we introduce a new ultrasonic cavitation method, which efficiently removes the burrs. Experimental parameters to verify the deburring effects of ultrasonic cavitations are ultrasonic power, amplitude, distant of the transducer from the workpiece, deburring time and abrasive. It has been shown that deburring with ultrasonic cavitation in water is effective to burrs.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2003

Ultrasonic vibrator is an equipment which atomizes and homogenization the oils by breaking the oil particles with ultrasonic cavitation, and would improve the properties. The present study deal with the ultrasonic breaking systems which recycle the shipborne waste oil into usable oil to be burnt. The first place, experimental studies were carried out to investigate the homogenizing effect of the waste oils by ultrasonic cavitation. Variation of the properties(viscosity, specific gravity and pH) and the matrix structures for the various shipborne waste oils were interpreted to analyse the breaking, dispersion effects by ultrasonic cavitation. The experimental results can be useful to the development of waste oil disposing systems.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2012

초음파 캐비테이션 현상이란 강한 초음파 조사 조건에서 매질(주로 유체) 내에서 미세기포를 발생시키고, 천이시키는 물리적 현상을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 초음파 캐비테이션 발생량의 정량적 평가를 위하여 초음파 조사조건에 따른 기포군의 초음파 음향 특성변화를 관찰하였다. 중심 주파수가 500 kHz. 1.1 MHz인 곡면형 단일 초음파 변환기를 이용하여 캐비테이션 현상을 발생시켰으며, 형성되는 기포군을 가로지르는 2.25 MHz 간섭 초음파를 송/수신하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 캐비테이션 발생량 평가를 위한 파라미터로 투과하는 파의 중심주파수 변화 및 감쇠 특성, 전파시간을 제시하였으며, 캐비테이션 발생 조건(조사 강도 및 여기 신호, 중심주파수)에 따른 변화를 관찰하였다. 획득된 간섭 초음파 수신신호를 분석한 결과, 중심 주파수의 변화의 경우 상관계수는 낮지만 조사 강도에 따른 상관관계를 확인할 수 있었으며, 특정 조사 조건에서 주목할 만한 급격한 중심 주파수 변화가 관찰되었다. 조사조건에 따른 간섭 초음파의 감쇠 추세는 모든 조건에서 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 캐비테이션 발생형태에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 조사조건에 따른 전파 시간의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 차후 다양한 조사조건에 대한 평가를 통하여 보다 정량적인 캐비테이션 발생량 평가가 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 이러한 정량적 평가는 고강도 초음파 치료에서 발생할 수 있는 현상에 대한 기초 연구로서 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2021

Pipes operating in the seawater environment faces cavitation degradation and corrosion of the metallic component, as well as a negative synergistic effect. Cavitation degradation shows the mechanism by which materials deteriorate by causing rapid change of pressure or high-frequency vibration in the solution, and introducing the formation and explosion of bubbles. In order to rate the cavitation resistance of materials, constant conditions have been used. However, while a dynamic cavitation condition can be generated in a real system, there has been little reported on the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the cavitation resistance and mechanism of composites. In this work, 3 kinds of epoxy coatings were used, and the cavitation resistance of the epoxy coatings was evaluated in 3.5% NaCl at 15 ℃ using an indirect ultrasonic cavitation method. Eleven kinds of mechanical properties were obtained, namely compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus, tensile strength and elongation, Shore D hardness, water absorptivity, impact test, wear test for coating only and pull-off strength for epoxy coating/carbon steel or epoxy coating/rubber/carbon steel. The cavitation erosion mechanism of epoxy coatings was discussed on the basis of the mechanical properties and the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the degradation of coatings.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2002

Recent primary concern for the design of high performance heat exchanger and highly integrated electronic equipments is to develop an active and creative technologies which enhance the heat transfer without obstructing the coolant flows. In this study, we found through the LDV measurement that the gaseous cavitation induced by ultrasonic vibration applied to the CO$_2$saturated water in the square cross-sectioned straight duct flow enhances the turbulence much more than the case of non-ultrasonic or normal ultrasonic conditions without gaseous cavitation does. We also found that gaseous cavitation can enhance effectively the turbulent heat transfer between the heating surfaces and coolants by destructing the viscous sublayer.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1848-1852
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• 2003

Generally, burrs refer to projected parts remained on the edge after material had been processed. These burrs decrease the precision of part and cause many problems in part assembly. Burrs are undesirable projections of the material beyond the edge of the workpiece. A number of deburring processes have been developed such as barreling, brushing, chemical methods etc. But, there are a few publications in the area of applying ultrasonics to deburring. When ultrasonic vibration propagates in the liquid medium, a large number of bubbles are formed. These bubbles generate an extremely strong force, which removes burrs. Cavitations were used as a term to describe erosion of parts caused by the action of cavities in liquid. The object of this study is to analyze the effects of ultrasonic cavitation in deburring process. For this purpose, we introduce a new ultrasonic cavitation method with abrasive, which efficiently removes the burrs. Experimental parameters to verify the deburring effects of ultrasonic cavitations are ultrasonic power, amplitude, distant of the transducer from the workpiece, deburring time and abrasive. It has been shown that deburring with ultrasonic cavitation in water is effective to burrs.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

Cavitation corrosion in many industrial plants has recently become a serious issue. Cavitation corrosion has generally been investigated using a vibratory method based on ASTM G32 standard, and the test can be divided into direct cavitation and indirect cavitation. Cavitation corrosion test uses the vibration frequency of the horn of 20 kHz with constant peak-to-peak displacement amplitude. In this work, the peak-to-peak amplitude was controlled from 15 ㎛ to 85 ㎛, and electrochemical measurements were obtained during indirect cavitation. The relationship between cavitation corrosion rate and electrochemical properties was discussed. Corrosion steps of carbon steel at the initial stage under cavitation condition in 3.5 % NaCl can be proposed. When the cavitation strength is relatively low, corrosion of the steel is more affected by the electrochemical process than by the mechanical process; but when the cavitation strength is relatively high, corrosion of the steel is affected more by the mechanical process than by the electrochemical process. This work confirmed that the critical ultrasonic amplitude of 0.42 %C carbon steel is 53.8 ㎛, and when the amplitude is less than 53.8 ㎛, the corrosion effect during the cavitation corrosion process is higher than the mechanical effect.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Since the typical horn-type ultrasonic equipment induces a reaction at the probe tip, the sonochemical reaction has a limitation that it occurs only in a specific area. As one of the ways to overcome this limitation, an ultrasonic device with multi-stepped horn equipped with several oscillators has been developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the sonochemical effects induced by acoustic cavitation system in 20 kHz multi-stepped ultrasonic horn using calorimetry, KI dosimetry and the luminol test. The sonochemical effects of multi-stepped ultrasonic horn were compared with that of the typical horn-type 20 kHz ultrasonic device. The effect of immersion depth and power on the sonochemical reaction was investigated in the ultrasonic system with multi-stepped ultrasonic horn. Higher calorimetric energy was obtained at higher immersion depth and power conditions. Sonochemical effects increased significantly when using the high immersion depth and input power. However, as the input power increased, the cavitation reaction zone concentrated around the ultrasonic horn. Additionally, the experiments to examine the effect of liquid temperature was conducted. The smaller sonochemical reaction was obtained for the higher liquid temperature. The effect on temperature seems to be closely related to liquid conditions such as viscosity and vapor pressure of water.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2003

This work experimentally studies the fundamental mechanisms by which the ultrasonic vibration enhances convection and pool boiling heat transfer. A thin platinum wire is used as both a heat source and a temperature sensor. A high speed video imaging system is employed to observe the behavior of cavitation and thermal bubbles. It is found that when the liquid temperature is below its boiling point, cavitation takes place due to ultrasonic vibration while cavitation disappears when the liquid reaches the boiling point. Moreover, when the gas dissolved in liquid is removed by pre-degassing, the cavitation arises only locally. Depending on the liquid temperature, heat transfer rates in convection, subcooled boiling and saturated boiling regimes are examined. In convection heat transfer regime, fully agitated cavitation is the most efficient heat transfer enhancement mechanism. Subcooled boiling is most enhanced when tile local cavitation is induced after degassing. In saturated boiling regime, acoustic pressure is shown to be a dominant heat transfer enhancement mechanism.