• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.54-62
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• 1999

2,4-Dichlorophenol was known pollutants caused by the endocrine disruptor into the refractory substances of environment and this is difficult to be degradable by conventional methods. Therefore, a considerable interest has been devoted to developing new process where 2,4-Dichlorophenol can easily decomposed. In this study, the series of ultrasonic irradiation for removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenol has been selected as a model reaction in the batch reactor system in order to obtain the basic data investigate the influence of various experimental parameters such as concentration, pH, reaction temperature, acoustic intensity. The products obtained form the ultrasonic irradiation were analysed by GC/MS and HPLC. The formation of $H_2O_2$, a well-known the strong oxidant was found proportionally to increase with irradiation time. The intermediates of ultrasonic irradiation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol were identified as HCl, catechol, hydroquinone, o,p-benzoquinone, muconic acid, and maleic acid. The final products of this was $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. As the decomposition of 2,4-Dichlorophenol proceeds by the ultrasonic irradiation, the pH of 2,4-Dichlorophenol containing aqueous solution increases slowly, The decomposition of 2,4-Dichlorophenol was found to be occured fast in the basic medium. In general, the rate of reaction is proportional to the reaction temperature obeying the Arrhenius' law. However, in the ultrasonic irradiation, this suggests as the reaction temperature increase the decomposition rate of the reactant decreases. This result meant that the increase of reaction temperature due to the increase of vapor pressure of water accelerated the decrease of acoustic intensity which was can be proportional to the decomposition rae of these compounds. It was found that more than 80% of phenol solution was removed within hours in all reaction conditions. The reaction order in the degradation of the 2,4-Dichlorophenol compounds was verified as the Pseude-first order. From the fore-mentioned results, it can be concluded that the refractory organic compounds caused by endocrine disruptor as 2,4-dichlorophenol could be removed by the ultrasonic irradiation with radicals, such as $H{\;}{\cdot}{\;}and{\;}OH{\;}{\cdot}$ radical causing the high increase of pressure and temperature. Finally, it apeared that the technology using ultrasonic irradiation can be applied to the treatment of refractory substances caused by endocrine disruptor which are difficult to be decomposed by the conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.138-140
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• 2001

Fluxless flip chip bonding using plasma & ultrasonic wave was investigated in order to evaluate the effect of plasma & ultrasonic treatment on the bondability of the Sn-3.5wt%Ag solder bumped die to TSM-coated glass substrate. The $Ar+10%H_2plasma$ was effective in removing tin oxide on solder surface. The die shear strength of the plasma-treated Si-chip is higher than that of non-treated specimen but lower than that of specimen bonded with flux. The die shear strength with the bonding load at 25W ultrasonic power increased to 0.8N/bump for all bonding temperature but decreased above 1.0N/bump.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.809-822
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• 1998

Adequate root preparation in the treatment of periodontal disease often involves mechanical instrumentation to remove plaque, calculus perhaps contaminated cementum. Although meticulous scaling and root planing may remove some cementum, the use of aggressive root planing to remove cementum does not appear warranted. So ultrasonic device and rotary instrument appear to be replacing hand instrument. But it is not clear those instruments make smooth root surface as hand instrument. The roghness of the root surface were evaluate with SEM following instrumentation with Gracey curette, Perio Clean and piezo ultrasonic device(Setlec) with various tip. 20 extracted teeth were used in vitro experiment, and 9 teeth of a patient destined for extraction for periodontal reasons were utilized in vivo experiment. It was demonstrated that hand curette created the smoothest surface, while diamond tip tended to roughen the root surface. But the hand curette, Perio Clean, and piezo ultasonic device with scaler tip tend to remove cementum completely. Piezo ultrasonic device with curette-like tip made the desirable smooth surface with partial removal of cementum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.56-63
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• 1993

In this study the ultrasound which has the properties of mixing, surface cleaning effect, increasing of the effective reaction surface area and increasing of the effective collision frequency, was used to enhance the recovering efficiency of Cu from the Cu-ion containning waste water. The ultrasonic reactor used in this study was dsigned and constructed for improving the disadvantage of the existing ultrasonic reactor From the experimental result and its analysis. we obtained following conclusions. 1. The ultrasound increased the rate of electrochemical deposition to 582.2% in maximum at the Condition of 0.1M-CuSO$_4$and 2.1V-overpotential. 2. This study gave the possibility of the scale-up of ultrasonic reactor and In particular, ultrasonic reactor would be effective in treatment of waste water contains a low concentration of Cu ion.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

Two spaniel dogs were presented with a history of lethargy, weakness, refractory hypoglycemia, and episodic seizure. A pancreatic mass on the distal end of the left limb was identified through screening tests including dualphase CT angiography in each patient. Canine insulinoma was suspected with low blood glucose, low fructosamine, and normal to high serum insulin levels. Exploratory laparotomies were performed, and partial pancreatectomy using an ultrasonic-activated scalpel was achieved without enzyme leakage or fistula formation after surgery. The lesions were definitively diagnosed as insulinoma via histopathologic examination. One dog has been doing well until POD 870 with medication; in the other dog, diffuse hepatic nodules noted during surgery were confirmed as a liver metastasis. This dog died at POD 45. This case report addresses the utility of the ultrasonic scalpel in partial pancreatectomy for the treatment of canine insulinoma and differences in prognosis according to disease stage.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.956-966
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• 2003

The purpose of study is to find out a suitable cleaning method for excavated textiles of Jeon-ui Lee(1570∼1647). The textiles were excavated from her tomb in 1997, and her descendents put them in a box without any treatment and kept them in the warehouse since then. We used two kinds of silk as samples, non-dyed and dyed textile. The experiment was performed by 8 kinds of wet cleaning and dry cleaning methods, an ultrasonic cleaner was used in the wet cleaning, decane and perchloroethylene were used as solvents in the dry cleaning. The use of the ultrasonic cleaner in the wet cleaning method did not show any damage to the fibers of the textiles and it not only cleaned well but also was safe for the fugitive dyes. It resulted in more effective cleaning when the detergent was used together. Therefore, it is effective to use the ultrasonic cleaning on the delicate historical textiles and helpful to the operator's safety and environment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.294-298
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• 2018

This report presents a rare case of feline exocrine pancreatic ductal carcinoma including treatment and prognosis. A 4.6-year-old castrated male American Shorthair cat, weighing 5 kg was presented with intermittent vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Through physical examination and radiography, a cranial abdominal mass was identified. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out. The largest mass was connected to the left lobe of the pancreas, and there were several small, nodular masses scattered along the abdominal lining. The pancreatic mass was removed using an ultrasonic scalpel, and the patient recovered favorably. Histopathologically, the resected lesion was diagnosed as an exocrine pancreatic ductal papillary carcinoma. The patient was maintained with conservative therapy and euthanized on post-operative day 262. Partial pancreatectomy using an ultrasonic scalpel was accomplished safely without evidence of pancreatic leakage.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the removal effects of the color, nutritive salts and other pollutants on piggery slurry by advanced oxidation process (AOP) system. The experimental AOP system was designed to treat 300 L of piggery slurry per hour. To enhance oxidizing power of the experimental APO system, a ultraviolet irradiation system and the ultrasonic system were attached to the AOP system. With 5 min ultrasonic treatment, COD, SS and T-N concentrations were changed from 210, 820, and 309 to 200, 760, and 262 mg/L, respectively. With 10 min ultrasonic treatment, SS and T-N concentrations tended to decrease but T-P concentration was not changed. With the treatment of both ozone and ultrasonic waves for 30 min, COD, SS, T-N and T-P decreased from 238, 900, 400, and 5 to 165, 540, 263, and 4 mg/L, respectively. With the treatment of both ozone and ultraviolet irradiation for 30 min, COD, SS, T-N and T-P decreased from 321, 340, 204, and 15 to 151, 140, 111, and 7 mg/L, respectively, and color was changed from 4,344 to 624.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.208-212
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• 2009

The nano-clay is widely used in polymer-nanocomposites due to the high aspect ratio, heat resistance and nano-scale dimension. In recent researches, the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane foam were improved with introducing the nano-clay. In this study, we describe the influence of ultrasonic treatment and content of nano-clay on properties of polyurethane foam. The nano-clay/polyurethane foam were characterized using their recovery time, compressive deflection, cell morphology and tensile test. The ultrasonic treatment was very effective for dispersion of nano-clay. Moreover, we found that introducing over 3 wt% of nano-clay bring the decrease of properties due to the poor dispersion. Expecially, ultrasonically treated 20A/polyurethane foam(1 wt%) showed greatly improved properties, such as homogeneous cell size and good dimension stability. We expect that our results could be applied to insulating materials for construction.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.30
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• pp.79-91
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• 2009

Stone cultural heritages are mostly situated in field, so they are damaged from mechanical, chemical and biological weathering, and their degree of strength is also weaken. Therefore, the scientific conservation of the stone cultural heritages are necessary in order to the long-term maintenance and safety conservation. In this study, we attempt to estimate on the field application of consolidants which are Wacker OH 100, Remmers KSE 300 and 1T1G according to the quality of the rocks. Based on the ultrasonic velocity, conditions of weathering damage before treatment are mainly ranked completely weathering condition (CW) or partly highly weathering condition (HW). After the first treatment, weathering damage conditions are changed by the high weathering condition (HW). These results shows that the internal pores of stone are filled with consolidant materials, so average ultrasonic velocities increases after treatment. And Remmers KSE 300 which is consolidant material is highest rate of increase of average ultrasonic velocities.