• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.59.1-59.1
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• 2019

Immediate vicinity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) is an important place to test general relativity in strong gravity regime. Also, this is a place where mass accretion and jet formation actively occurs at the centers of active galaxies. Theoretical studies predict presence of bright ring-like emission encircling an accreting SMBH with a diameter of about 5 Schwarzschild radii, and a flux depression at the center (i.e., BH shadow). Direct imaging of the BH shadow is accordingly of great importance in modern astrophysics. However, the angular sizes of the horizon-scale structures are desperately small (e.g., ~40-50 microarcseconds (uas) diameter for the nearest best candidates). This poses serious challenges to observe them directly. Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a global network of sensitive radio telescopes operating at 230 GHz (1.3 mm), providing ultra-high angular resolution of 20 uas by cutting-edge very long baseline interferometry techniques. With this resolution, EHT aims to directly image the nearest SMBHs; M87 and the galactic center Sgr $A{\ast}$ (~40-50 uas diameters). In Spring 2017, the EHT collaboration conducted a global campaign of EHT and multiwavelength observations of M87 and Sgr $A{\ast}$, with addition of the phased ALMA to the 1.3mm VLBI array. In this talk, I review results from past mm-VLBI and EHT observations, provide updates on the results from the 2017 campaign, and future perspectives.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2006

본 논문은 광대역, DC to 40 GHz 5-bit MMIC 디지털 감쇠기의 설계 및 측정 결과를 나타내었다. 초광대역 감쇠기는 종래의 Switched-T 감쇠기에 전송 선로를 추가하고 전송 선로의 파라미터를 최적화하여 구현되었다. 고주파에서의 정확한 성능 예측을 위해 Momentum 시뮬레이션을 설계에서 수행하였고, 몬테 카를로 해석법을 적용하여 MMIC 공정 변동에 대한 성능의 안정성을 검증하였다. 감쇠기는 $0.15\;{\mu}m$ GaAs pHEMT 공정을 이용하여 제작하였다. 이 감쇠기는 1 dB의 해상도와 총 23 dB의 감쇠 동작 범위를 가진다. 전체 감쇠 범위와 40 GHz의 대역폭에서 높은 감쇠 정확도를 얻었으며, 20 GHz에서 6 dB 이하의 참조 상태 삽입 손실을 가진다. 전체 감쇠 상태와 주파수 범위에서 감쇠기의 입력단과 출력단 반사 손실은 14 dB 이상이다. 감쇠기의 IIP3는 33 dBm으로 측정되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.4-5
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• 2010

The surface phonon is defined as a coherent vibrational excitation of surface atoms propagating along the surface. It is characterized by a phonon dispersion curves, which were extensively studied in 1990's using helium atom scattering and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS)[1].The understanding is mainly based on the theoretical framework of a classical bond model or cluster calculations. The recent sample preparation and first principles calculations open the naval way to deep insight for surface phonon problems. The surface phonon dispersion on the hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-($1{\times}1$) surface [H:Si(111)] is the typical system and already reported experimentally [2] and theoretically [3], although the understandingis incomplete. The sample contaminated by the oxygen atoms on the surface and the calculations were also classical. In this study, firstly, we have prepared an ultra-clean H:Si(111) surface [4] and measured the surface phonon dispersion curvesusing HREELS. Secondly, we have performed first-principles density functional calculations with the projector augmented wave functionals, as implemented in VASP, using generalized gradient approximations. We used aslab of six silicon layers and both top and bottom surfaces were terminated with hydrogen atoms. Finally, we have compared with the surface phonon dispersion of deuterium-terminatedSi(111)-($1{\times}1$) surface[5] and led to our conclusions. The Si-H stretching and the bending modes are observed at 258.5 and 78.2 meV, respectively. These energies are the same as the previously reported values [2], but the energy-loss peaks at the lower energy regions are dramatically shifted. Through this combination study, we have formulated the procedure of preparing ultra-clean H:Si(111)/D:Si(111), which was confirmed by HREELS vibrational analysis. The Si surface will be utilized for further nano-physics research as well as for the materials for nano-fubrication.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.2479-2496
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• 2013

Increasing demand for Full High-Definition (FHD) video and Ultra High-Definition (UHD) video services has led to active research on high speed video processing. Widespread deployment of multi-core systems has accelerated studies on high resolution video processing based on parallelization of multimedia software. Even if parallelization of a specific decoding step may improve decoding performance partially, such partial parallelization may not result in sufficient performance improvement. Particularly, entropy decoding has often been considered separately from other decoding steps since the entropy decoding step could not be parallelized easily. In this paper, we propose a parallelization technique called Integrated Multi-Threaded Parallelization (IMTP) which takes parallelization of the entropy decoding step, with other decoding steps, into consideration in an integrated fashion. We used the Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) technique with appropriate thread scheduling techniques to achieve the best performance for the entire decoding step. The speedup of the proposed IMTP method is up to 3.35 times faster with respect to the entire decoding time over a conventional decoding technique for H.264/AVC videos.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권6_1호
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• pp.1573-1587
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• 2021

드론 영상은 위성이나 항공 영상보다 공간 해상도가 수배 혹은 수십 배가 높은 초고해상도 영상이다. 따라서 드론 영상 기반의 원격탐사는 영상에서 추출하고자 하는 객체의 수준과 처리해야 하는 데이터의 양이 전통적인 원격탐사와 다른 양상을 보인다. 또한, 적용되는 딥러닝(deep learning) 모델의 특성에 따라 모델 훈련에 사용되는 최적의 데이터의 축척과 크기가 달라질 수밖에 없다. 하지만 대부분 연구가 찾고자 하는 객체의 크기, 축척을 반영하는 영상의 공간 해상도, 영상의 크기 등을 고려하지 않고, 관성적으로 적용하고자 하는 모델에서 기존에 사용했던 데이터 명세를 그대로 적용하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 드론 영상의 공간 해상도, 영상 크기가 6가지 월동채소의 의미론적 분할(semantic segmentation) 딥러닝 모델의 정확도와 훈련 시간에 미치는 영향을 실험 통해 정량적으로 분석하였다. 실험 결과 6가지 월동채소 분할의 평균 정확도는 공간 해상도가 증가함에 따라 증가하지만, 개별 작물에 따라 증가율과 수렴하는 구간이 다르고, 동일 해상도에서 영상의 크기에 따라 정확도와 시간에 큰 차이가 있음을 발견하였다. 특히 각 작물에 따라 최적의 해상도와 영상의 크기가 다름을 알 수 있었다. 연구성과는 향후 드론 영상 데이터를 이용한 월동채소 분할 모델을 개발할 때, 드론 영상의 촬영과 학습 데이터의 제작 효율성 확보를 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.4077-4091
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• 2017

This paper presents the design of a broadcasting scenario and system for an 8K-resolution content. Due to an 8K content is four times larger than the 4K content in terms of size, many technologies such as content acquisition, video coding, and transmission are required to deal with it. Therefore, high-quality video and audio for 8K (ultra-high definition television) service is not possible to be transmitted only using the current terrestrial broadcasting system. The proposed broadcasting system divides the 8K content into four 4K contents by area, and each area is hierarchically encoded by Scalable High-efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) into three layers: L0, L1, and L2. Every part of the 8K video content divided into areas and hierarchy is independently treated. These parts are transmitted over heterogeneous networks such as digital broadcasting and broadband networks after going through several processes of generating signal messages, encapsulation, and packetization based on MPEG media transport. We propose three methods of generating streams at the sending entity to merge the divided streams into the original content at the receiving entity. First, we design the composition information, which defines the presentation structure for displays. Second, a descriptor for content synchronization is included in the signal message. Finally, we define the rules for generating "packet_id" among the packet header fields and design the transmission scheduler to acquire the divided streams quickly. We implement the 8K broadcasting system by adapting the proposed methods and show that the 8K-resolution contents are stably received and serviced with a low delay.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1999

목적: 종양 환자의 평가에 있어서 초고에너지 조준기를 장착하여 511 keV에 적용시킨 감마카메라로 FDG 전신 평면 영상(FDG W/B scan)을 얻어 충분한 정보를 얻을 수 있는지 알아보고 동시에 같은 카메라로 동시계수 회로를 이용한 양전자 방출 단층촬영(FDG CoDe PET)을 실시하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: F-18 FDG를 이용하여 초고에너지 조준기와 동시계수 양전자 방출영상에 대해 각각 팬텀 실험을 실시하였고, 악성종양이 의심되거나 진단된 환자 14명을 대상으로 FDG 전신 평면 영상과 양전자 방출 단층 영상을 얻어 방사선학적 검사, 임상적 추적관찰, 조직학적 검사 등과 비교하였다. 결과: 평면 영상에서는 해상력 13.1 mm, 민감도 2638 cpm/MBq/ml, 동시계수 영상에서는 공간 해상력 7.49 mm, 민감도 5351 cpm/MBq/ml로 측정되었다. FDG CoDe PET에서 14명의 환자 중 8명에서 FDG의 섭취가 있었다. 두 방법 모두에서 FDG 섭취가 없었던 병변은 모두 CT에서 1 cm 이하 였으나 한 예에서 2 cm 크기의 전이성 림프절을 찾지 못하였다. FDG 섭취를 보였던 병변은 모두 CT상 1.5cm 이상이거나 여러 개가 모여 있는 병변이었다. FDG W/B scan은 FDG CoDe PET와 거의 비슷한 결과를 보였으나 위음성과 위양성이 1예씩 더 있었다. FDG CoDe PET에서 보였던 다수의 폐 결절과 간 결절들이 FDG W/B scan에서 한 예를 제외하고는 모두 발견되었다. 결론: 감마카메라에 의한 FDG 영상들은 악성 종양의 감별, 병기 결정, 추적검사 등에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 간주되며, SPECT 카메라가 널리 보급되어 있으므로 FDG 전신 평면영상과 동시계수 양전자 방출영상은 서로 보완적으로 쓰이면서 FDG의 지역 분배 공급을 통해 기존의 PET를 대신하여 FDG를 이용한 더 많은 임상적 이용 및 영상진단을 가능하게 할 것이다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.934-939
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• 2004

This paper propose a study on the Feed Characteristics of Twist Friction Driver. We are using Twist Friction Driving mechanism system. The system consists of Twist Friction Driver elements such as driving shaft, driven roller, Spring for pre-load, Air bearing guide, Servo motor, and measuring devices such as Encoder of Servo motor, Laser interferometer, LVDT . The Twist Friction driver is mechanically simple and very quiet at high speed, and has low pre-load. So The Twist Friction driver can materialize an ultra precision feed-resolution. The feed characteristics of the driver is determined by slip and angular error, backlash.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2004년도 한국우주과학회보 제13권1호
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• pp.100-100
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• 2004

Silicon Charge Detector is to measure the charge of incident cosmic-ray nuclei with a resolution of 0.2 charge unit for atomic number, Z=1-30 with energy range from 1 to 1000 TeV. It is one of detectors for CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass) experiment to test current models of source and acceleration mechanisms of ultra high energy cosmic rays. It's first flight will be with a NASA zero pressure balloon planned to be launched from McMurdo Station, Antarctica in December 2004. (omitted)

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.639-642
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• 2012

Optical coherence tomography(OCT) can provide real-time and non-invasive subsurface imaging with ultra-high resolution of micrometer scale. However, conventional OCT systems generally have a limited imaging depth range within a depth of only 1-2 mm. To overcome the limitation, we have proposed an active surface tracking algorithm used in common-path Fourier-domain OCT system in order to extend the imaging depth range. The surface tracking algorithm based on the threshold and Savitzky-Golay filter of A-scan data was applied to real-time tracking. The algorithm has controlled a moving stage according to the sample's surface variance in real time. An OCT image obtained by the algorithm clearly show an extended imaging depth range. Consequently, the proposed algorithm demonstrated the potential for improving the conventional OCT systems with limitary depth range.