• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2013

본 연구는 UF공정의 전처리로써 Al(III)계 응집제인 alum과 PACl을 사용한 응집공정 적용 시 두 응집제의 효율 비교 및 잔류 알루미늄 농도를 고려한 최적 운전 조건을 알아보기 위해 응집제 주입농도, 완속교반의 적용 그리고 해수 원수의 pH를 변화하여 UF막 flux 및 잔류 알루미늄 이온 농도를 조사했다. 그 결과 pH 8.0 조건에서 alum의 주입농도가 증가할수록 flux 또한 증가하였으며 완속교반은 UF막 flux를 오히려 감소시킨 것으로 조사된 반면 PACl의 경우 주입농도가 증가할수록 flux는 일부 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 alum과는 반대로 완속교반 적용시 flux 또한 증가하였다. 반면에 pH 6.5 조건에서 alum 주입량이 0.7 mg/L (as Al)일 때 UF막 flux의 효율이 가장 좋았고 잔류 알루미늄 농도는 0.05 mg/L (as Al) 이하로 측정되었다. PACl의 경우 UF막 flux 측면에서는 최적 조건은 pH 8.0, 주입농도 1.2 mg/L (as Al) 그리고 완속교반 시간을 적용하였을 때였으며 잔류 알루미늄 농도를 고려한 최적 주입조건은 pH 6.5 조건에서 주입농도를 1.2 mg/L (as Al)일 때로 조사되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2015

In this study, we attempted to enrich cyclo-His-Pro (CHP) using enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast and to evaluate the functionality of yeast hydrolysate (YH)-enriched CHP. Flavourzyme offered a better performance in enhancing CHP content than other proteases. The CHP enrichment conditions were optimized as follows: addition of 1% Flavourzyme, 48-h incubation at 60oC, and pH 6.0. The CHP content significantly increased by 20-fold after ultra-filtration (UF). Maximal CHP translation was obtained after heating for 8 h at 50oC and pH 7.0. YH showed poor foaming capacity between pH 3.0 to 9.0. The emulsifying activities of YHs were slightly higher at near acidic pH. Increase in heating temperature and time resulted in decreased CHP content. The results indicate that YH is more heat stable after UF. Therefore, the CHP in YH after UF can be used as a food additive with physiological CHP activity and high heat stability.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.539-545
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• 2009

A feasibility of a pilot scale two-phase anaerobic digestion with ultra filtration system treating garbage leachate were evaluated. The treatment system consisted of a thermophilic acidogenic reactor, a mesophilic methanogenic reactor, and an UF membrane. The average COD removal efficiency of the treatment system was 95% up to the OLR of 3.1 g COD/L/d. The higher COD removal efficiency with membrane unit resulted from the removal of some portion of soluble organics by membrane as well as particulate materials. When the membrane unit was in operation, bulk liquid in acidogenic and methanogenic reactors was partially interchanged, which maintained the acidogenic reactor pH over 5.0 without external chemical addition. Also, with the production of methane in the acidogenic reactor, the organic loading rate of the methanogenic reactor reduced. The initial flux of the membrane unit was $50{\sim}60L/m^2/hr$, but decreased to $5 L/m^2/hr$ after 95 days of operation due to clogging caused by particulate materials such as fibrous materials in garbage leachate. To prevent clogging caused by particulate materials, a pretreatment system such as screening is required. With the improvement with membrane unit operation, the two-phase anaerobic digestion with ultra filtration system is expected to have the possibility of treating garbage leachate.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.429-439
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• 2000

Lake Red C(바롬) 계열 및 Lithol Rubine(칼슘) 계열의 안료나 이들의 혼합물이 포함된 안료폐수에 대하여 여러 가지 폐수처리 및 탈색기법을 적용하였다. 우선, 오존처리법에서는 전체적으로 오존주입량 증가에 따른 폐수의 $COD_{Mn}$ 감소는 다소 있었지만 일부의 Lithol Rubine 계열을 제외하고는 탈색효과는 아주 미미하였다. Fenton 산화법 및 전기분해법의 적용에 있어서는 폐수시료 모두 좋은 $COD_{Mn}$ 감소효과가 있었고 일부의 Lithol Rubine 계열 안료폐수의 색깔제거 효과도 관찰되었다. UF와 RO를 이용한 막분리법의 적용에서는, UF 자체만 적용한 여기에 경우에도 상당한 $COD_{Mn}$ 제거효과가 있었고, 약간의 색깔 제거효과가 있었다. UF 적용후 여기에 RO를 적용하였더니 방류수 기준을 충분히 만족할 수 있을 정도로 아주 우수한 $COD_{Mn}$ 제거효과가 관찰되었다. 또한 색깔제거 측면에서도 거의 100%의 색도제거가 확인되었고, 처리수의 pH도 중성에 가까워서 이를 재활용할 수도 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2010

본 연구는 시설재배에서 관비, 양액재배에 가축액비를 활용하기 위하여 한외여과막(UF) 분리 후 역삼투막 (RO)에서 농축액비를 제조하였다. 농축액비의 양분불균형을 조정하기 위하여 친환경농자재를 첨가하여 액비를 제조하였다. 처리구는 농축액비와 친환경농자재를 혼합하여 시용하는 조합처리를 두었으며 농축액비 단독처리구 (CS), 농축액비의 부족성분인 인산을 보충한 농축액비+골분혼합처리구 (CS+BM), 농축액비에 안산, 질소성분 보충을 위한 골분, 동물성아미노산 혼합처리구 (CS+BM+AA), 농축액바에 인산, 질소, 무기물 성분 보충을 위한 골분, 동물성아미노산, 해초분말 혼합처리구 (CS+BM+AA+SW)와 대조구로 원예연구소 상추 표준양액구 (NS) 등 5개 처리구를 두었다. 상추(Lactuca sativa L.)를 공시하여 수경재배에서 상추의 생육과 수량에 미치는 액비의 영향을 검토하였다. 1. UF/RO 공정을 통하여 SS (Suspended solid)의 수치가 20 이하로 양액 재배시 막힘 문제가 없는 액비의 생산이 가능하였다. UF/RO에서 생산된 농축액의 비료가치는 식물생육에 필요한 질소, 칼리, 황 등 다량의 다량원소와 다양한 미량원소를 함유하고 있어서 비료로서 가치가 있었으나 칼리함량이 상대적으로 높고 질소, 인산 함량이 낮아 농축액비 (CS) 단독처리구는 양분의 불균형을 초래하여 생육이 불량하여 상추수량이 화학양액대비 51%의 저조한 수량을 나타내었다. 2. 농축액비에 골분, 동물성아미노산, 해초분말을 혼합한 시용구는 대조구인 표준양액과 대비 84% 상추수량을 나타내었다. 따라서 농축액비에 골분, 동물성아미노산, 해초분말을 첨가한 혼합용액을 조제하면 화학양액에 비하여 수량감소가 16% 있었으나 유기물에서 유래한 액비로 상추 수경재배에 활용이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2016

South Africa recognises piped water as the main source of safe drinking water supply. Remote areas do not have access to this resource and they rely solely on surface water for survival, which exposes them to waterborne diseases. Interim point of use solutions are not practiced due to their laboriousness and alteration of the taste. Bio-ultra low pressure driven membrane system has been noted to be able to produce stable fluxes after one week of operation; however, there is limited literature on South African waters. This study was conducted on three rivers namely; Umgeni, Umbilo and Tugela. Three laboratory systems were setup to evaluate the performance of the technology in terms of producing stable fluxes and water that is compliant with the WHO 2008 drinking water guideline with regards to turbidity, total coliforms and E.coli. The obtained flux rate trends were similar to those noted in literature where they are referred to as stable fluxes. However, when further comparing the obtained fluxes to the normal dead-end filtration curve, it was noted that both the Umbilo and Tugela Rivers responded similarly to a normal dead-end filtration curve. The Umgeni River was noted to produce flux rates which were higher than those obtainable under normal dead-end. It can be concluded that there was no stabilisation of flux noted. However, feed water with low E.coli and turbidity concentrations enhances the flux rates. The technology was noted to produce water of less than 1 NTU and 100% removal efficiency for E.coli and total coliforms.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1997년도 제5회 하계 Workshop (97 한,카 국제공동 Workshop, 고도 수처리를 위한 막분리 공정)
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• pp.207-231
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• 1997

The use household water purifier is continuously increasing due to the distrust of the piped, rap water, which may be caused by the deterioration of water quality and water supply facilities in Korea. The water purifier distributing in the domestic market is the membrane type that composes of membrane as a basic filter, sediment filter as a prefilter and activated carbon filter instead of one purifying water system. The membrane type using as a water cleaning system is mainly the method of micro filtration(NIF) as well as ultra filtration(UF) and reverse osmosis(RO). The types of MF and UF are using to remove suspended solids and virus, and RO is using to remove ionic compound in chemical organic compounds. At the beginning the household water purifier was imported as end-product or assembled by only importing module from small businesses in Korea. Therefore, people was hard to confide in the product quality because the sales policy and management of water purifier by small business were not effectively organized. However, the defects of water purifier having up to now ate improving by the efforts of special branches of water purifier and large enterprises, and new great products are developing and producing. To develop the best quality product of water purifier in Korea, it should be considered seasonal water characteristrics rather than any other condition. For example, the water purifier can be affected by the water temperature change, increase of suspended solids in the rainy season and inflow of raw water having concentration in a dry season. The subject we have to investigate in the future is to develop the water purifying system adaptable in Korea which can treat the water quality using close analyses of local and seasonal water characteristics.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2002

Landfill leachate is one of highly contaminated and heterogeneous wastewater. The leachate from initial landfill can be treated by anaerobic process because it contains biodegradable matters, particularly, volatile fatty acids (VFAs). However, the anaerobic treatment of leachate is generally required longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) than aerobic process and another treatment process to satisfy effluent concentration. Therefore the modification of conventional anaerobic treatment is needed. Two phase anaerobic membrane process (TPAMP) is an integrated membrane process to be able to separate anaerobic metabolism into two phase which are acidogenesis and methanogenesis for improvement of anaerobic treatment efficiency. In this study, the efficiency of TPAMP and conventional anaerobic treatment were compared in terms of HRT, effluent SCOD, VFAs Membrane used in TPAMP was the UF of capillary type with the surface area of $0.048m^2$. The average effluent SCOD of conventional anaerobic treatment was 1352 mg/L and the removal was 96 % at HRT 60 days, while in TPAMP, 927 mg/L and 98% at HRT 30 days.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility to apply pre-ozone and membrane system for drinking water. This system is improved in fouling control by pre-ozone system. It is composed of ultrafiltration hollow fiber type membrane and ozone reactor. The result of this study is that the flux is increased about 10.7% and decreased in TMP by the pre-ozone. Also, backwashing pressure decreased about 18%. The optimum concentration of residual ozone is 0.3~0.5 ppm. During the period, the recovery ratio of this system was turned out to be 90% as the flowrate of effluent is $67.1m^3/day$. When the TMP and backwashing pressure was $0.85kg/cm^2$ and $1.10kg/cm^2$, this system was stable without sudden fouling. Finally, the quality of effluent is satisfied the guidelines for potable water quality such as turbidity, color, E.coli, Mn, Al, Fe and so on.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2015

This study aims to suggest wastewater treatment options for diaper recycling by identifying characteristic analysis of wastewater from diaper recycling process and efficiency evaluation of wastewater treatment units. The wastewater characteristic analysis showed that the concentration of organic pollutants and ionic materials were very high comparing to seawater. Through the investigation of similar wastewater treatment, six treatment units were identified to reduce pollutants. It is found UF(ultra-filtration), DAF(dissolved air flotation), fenton oxidation, electro-coagulation and chemical-coagulation are effective in reducing organic pollutants while membrane system and ion exchanger are effective in reducing ionic materials. Even though the target of water quality should be secured in terms of managing organic pollutants level, the application of treatment unit for reducing ionic material needs lots of considerations. This result suggests that reuse of pulping wastewater after controlling organic pollutants is better than direct discharge of pulping wastewater. To select the appropriate wastewater treatment unit, an economic analysis about operation condition, wastewater flow, cost, efficiency should be considered.