• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.447-454
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• 1999

The compressive capacity and the soil plugging resistance of single open-ended pipe pile were completely decreased in the previous study on the behavior of shorter single pile during simulated seaquake induced by the vertical component of earthquake. But the capacity of single open-ended pipe pile with greater penetration and the capacity of piles group with shorter penetration were expected to be stable after seaquake motion. In this study, first, 2-piles or 4-piles are driven into the calibration chamber included in saturated fine medium sand with several simulated penetrations, and the compressive load test for each piles group was performed. Then, about 95 % compressive load of the ultimate capacity was applied on the pile head during the simulated seaquake motion. Finally, In confirm the reduction of pile capacity during the simulated seaquake motion, the compressive load test for each single pile or piles group after seaquake motion was performed. During the simulated seaquake, the compressive capacity of open-ended pipe piles with greater penetration ( 〉about 27 m) was not degraded even in deep sea deeper than 220 m and soil plug within open-ended pipe pile installed in deep sea was stable after seaquake motion. Also, in the case of 2-piles or 4-pile groups, the compressive capacity after seaquake motion was not degraded at all regardless of pile penetration depth beneath seabed, sea water depth and seaquake frequency.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Anchors are primarily designed and constructed to resist outwardly directed loads imposed on the foundation of a structure. These outwardly directed loads are transmitted to the soil at a greater depth by the anchors. Buried anchors have been used for thousands of years to stabilize structures. Various types of earth anchors are now used for the uplift resistance of transmission towers, utility poles, submerged pipelines, and tunnels. Anchors are also used for the tieback resistance of earth-retaining structures, waterfront structures, at bends in pressure pipelines, and when it is necessary to control thermal stress. In this research, we analyzed the uplift behavior of plate anchors in clay using a laboratory experiment to estimate the uplift behavior of plate anchors under various conditions. To achieve the research purpose, the uplift resistance and displacement characteristics of plate anchors caused by the embedment ratio, plate diameter, and loading rate were studied, compared, and analyzed for various cases.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.489-501
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• 2020

This paper conducts a complicated coupled effective stress analysis of X-section-in-place concrete (XCC) pile installation and consolidation processes using the dual-stage Eulerian-Lagrangian (DSEL) technique incorporating the modified Cam-clay model. The numerical model is verified by centrifuge data and field test results. The main objective of this study is to investigate the shape effect of XCC pile cross-section on radial total stress, excess pore pressure and time-dependent strength. The discrepancies of the penetration mechanism and set-up effects on pile shaft resistance between the XCC pile and circular pile are discussed. Particular attention is placed on the time-dependent strength around the XCC pile shaft. The results show that soil strength improved more significantly close to the flat side compared with the concave side. Additionally, the computed ultimate shaft resistance of XCC pile incorporating set-up effects is 1.45 times that of the circular pile. The present findings are likely helpful in facilitating the incorporation of set-up effects into XCC pile design practices.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.19
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• pp.135-145
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• 1999

This thesis is to investigate the sliding behavior of cantilever retaining wall by using the commercially available program of FLAC to simulate its behavior numerically. Cantilever retaining walls with flat base, sloped base and base with shear key, uniform surcharges being applied on the surface of backfill, were investigated to figure out appropriate location of shear key beneath the base of wall and, thus, its applicability to field condition was assessed by comparing the analyzed results to each other. On the other hand, previously performed centrifuge model test results (Eum, 1996) were analyzed numerically with FLAC to compare test results with respect to characteristics of load-settlement of surcharges and load-lateral movement of wall. Based on the failure mechanism observed during centrifuge tests, limit equilibrium method of finding the ultimate load inducing the sliding failure of wall was used to compare with values of the ultimate load obtained from conventional method of limit equilibrium method. Therefore, appropriate location of shear key was determined to mobilize the maximum resistance against sliding failure of wall.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.617-633
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• 2016

A numerical study has been conducted to examine the improvement achieved in the ultimate pullout capacity of horizontal circular anchor plates embedded in undrained clay, by constructing granular columns of varying diameter over the anchor plates. The analysis has been carried out by using lower bound theorem of limit analysis and finite elements in combination with linear programming. The improvement in uplifting capacity of anchor plate is expressed in terms of an efficiency factor (${\xi}$). The efficiency factor (${\xi}$) has been defined as the ratio of ultimate vertical pullout capacity of anchor plate having diameter D embedded in soft clay reinforced by granular column to the vertical pullout capacity of the anchor plate with same diameter D embedded in soft clay only. The variation of efficiency factor (${\xi}$) for different embedment ratios and different diameter of granular column has been studied considering a wide range of softness of clay and different value of soil internal friction angle (${\phi}$) of the granular material. It is observed that ${\xi}$ increases with an increase in diameter of the granular column ($D_t$) and increase in friction angle of granular material. Also, the effectiveness of the usage of granular column increases with decrease in cohesion of the clay.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Fourteen calibration ehamber tests were performed using one cylindrical and two tapered piles with different taper angles to investigate the changes of the bearing capacity of tapered piles with soil state and taper angle of piles. The results of calibration chamber tests show that the ultimate base resistance of tapered piles increases with increasing mean stress and relative density of soil. It also increases with increasing taper angle for medium sand, but with decreasing taper angle for dense sand. The ultimate shaft resistance of tapered piles increases as vertical and horizontal stresses, relative density and taper angle increase. Based on the results of model pile load tests, a new design method with shape factors for estimation of the bearing capacity of tapered piles is proposed considering the effect of soil state and taper angle on bearing capacity of tapered piles. In order to check the accuracy of predictions calculated using the new method, middle-scale field pile load tests were also conducted on cylindrical and tapered drilled shafts in clayey sand. Comparison of calculated values with measured ones shows that the new design method produces satisfactory predictions tor tapered piles.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.55-64
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• 2016

In this paper bearing capacity and safety margin of shallow foundation on weathered soil ground against shear failure by using current design method of allowable stress design (ASD), load resistance factor design (LRFD) based on reliability analysis and partial safety factor design (PSFD) in Eurocode were estimated and compared to each other. Results of the plate loading test used in construction and design were collected and analysis of probability statistics on soil parameters affecting the bearing capacity of shallow foundation was performed to quantify the uncertainty of them and to investigate the resistance bias factor and covalence of ultimate bearing capacity. For the typical sections of shallow foundation in domestic field as examples, reliability index was obtained by reliability analysis (FORM) and the sensitivity analysis on soil parameters of probability variables was performed to investigate the effect of probability variable on shear failure. From stability analysis for these sections by ASD, LRFD with the target reiability index corresponding to the safety factor used in ASD and PSDF, safety margins were estimated respectively and compared.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.5-10
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• 2009

The ground anchor is not usually used in soft clay and loose sand, because the pullout resistance of anchors can not be guaranteed. However, there is a method to increase the capacity of anchors using electric discharge geotechnical technologies, which are also known as pulse discharge and electric-spark technologies. The pulse-discharge anchor has a bulbed (or underreamed) bond length that is expanded by high voltage electrokinetic pulse energy. 24 anchors were installed in the weathered soil and sandy clay at the Geotechnical Experimentation Site at Sungkyunkwan University in Suwon, Korea. In this study, in order to define a relation between expansion rate of the anchor diameter and ultimate load, anchor load tests were carried out in accordance with testing procedures by AASHTO (AASHTO 1990) and FHWA (Weatheb 1998). And then several anchors were exhumed to measure the diameter of the pulse discharge anchors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.591-604
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• 2008

In this study, two design examples of drilled shafts on soft ground in Ho-Chi-Minh City, Vietnam are introduced. One is for a 27-story apartment and the other is for a Arch bridge over Saigon river. Unlikely the normal cases in Korea, all of the bored pile foundations are supposed to be placed on soil layers. Therefore, skin friction between pile and ground is the most crucial design parameter. Three methods using SPT N value of sandy soil -Korean Road Bridge Code(1996), Reese and Wright (1977), and O'Neill and Reese (1988)- were adopted to obtain an ultimate axial bearing capacity. In order to verify the calculated bearing capacity, 3 sets of static load test and a Osterberg Cell test were performed at an apartment site and a bridge site respectively. LRFD (Load Resistance Factored Design) method was compared with ASD (Allowable Stress Design) method. On application of ASD method, safety factor for skin friction was adopted as 2 or 3 while safety factor for end bearing was 3. The design bearing capacities from ASD method matched well with those from LRFD method when safety factor for skin friction was adopted as 2.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 2019

In this study, an innovative anchoring approach has been developed dealing with all relevant aspects in consideration of previous works. An ultimate pulling force calculation of anchor is presented from a geotechnical point of view. The proposed umbrella anchor focuses not only on the friction resistance capacity, but also on the axial capacity of the composite end structure and the friction capacity occurring around the wedge. Even though the theoretical background is proposed, in-situ application requires high-level mechanical design. Hence, the required parts have been carefully improved and are composed of anchor body, anchor cap, connection brackets, cutter vanes, open-close ring, support elements and grouting system. Besides, stretcher element made of aramid fabric, interior grouting system, guide tube and cable-locking apparatus are the unique parts of this design. The production and placement steps of real sized anchors are explained in detail. Experimental results of 52 pullout tests on the weak dry soils and 12 in-situ tests inside natural soil indicate that the proposed approach is conservative and its peak pullout value is directly limited by a maximum strength of anchored soil layer if other failure possibilities are eliminated. Umbrella anchor is an alternative to conventional anchor applications used in all types of soils. It not only provides time and workmanship benefits, but also a high level of economic gain and safe design.