• Title/Summary/Keyword: Udder

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Genetic Parameters for Linear Type Traits and Milk, Fat, and Protein Production in Holstein Cows in Brazil

  • Campos, Rafael Viegas;Cobuci, Jaime Araujo;Kern, Elisandra Lurdes;Costa, Claudio Napolis;McManus, Concepta Margaret
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.476-484
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for linear type traits, as well as milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY) in 18,831 Holstein cows reared in 495 herds in Brazil. Restricted maximum likelihood with a bivariate model was used for estimation genetic parameters, including fixed effects of herd-year of classification, period of classification, classifier and stage of lactation for linear type traits and herd-year of calving, season of calving and lactation order effects for production traits. The age of cow at calving was fitted as a covariate (with linear and quadratic terms), common to both models. Heritability estimates varied from 0.09 to 0.38 for linear type traits and from 0.17 to 0.24 for production traits, indicating sufficient genetic variability to achieve genetic gain through selection. In general, estimates of genetic correlations between type and production traits were low, except for udder texture and angularity that showed positive genetic correlations (>0.29) with MY, FY, and PY. Udder depth had the highest negative genetic correlation (-0.30) with production traits. Selection for final score, commonly used by farmers as a practical selection tool to improve type traits, does not lead to significant improvements in production traits, thus the use of selection indices that consider both sets of traits (production and type) seems to be the most adequate to carry out genetic selection of animals in the Brazilian herd.

Estimation of Genetic Parameter for Milk Production and Linear Type Traits in Holstein Dairy Cattle in Korea (국내 Holstein 젖소의 유생산 형질과 유방 및 지제 선형심사 형질에 대한 유전모수 추정)

  • Won, J.I.;Dang, C.K.;Lim, H.J.;Jung, Y.S.;Im, S.K.;Yoon, H.B.
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.167-178
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for milk production and linear type traits in Holstein dairy cattle in Korea. The data including milk yields, fat yields, protein yields, fat percent, protein percent, somatic score and 15 linear type traits for 10,218 first parity cows collected by Dairy Cattle Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative, Korea, which were calving from January 2009 to April 2013. Genetic and error (co)variances between two traits selected form 19 traits were estimated using bi-trait pairwise analyses with WOMBAT package. The estimated heritabilities for milk yield(MY), fat yield(FY), protein yield(PY), fat percent(FP), protein percent(PP), somatic cell score(SCS), udder depth(UD), udder texture(UT), median suspensory(MS), fore udder attachment(FUA), front teat placement (FTP), rear attachment height(RAH), rear attachment width(RAW), rear teat placement(RTP), front teat length(FTL), foot angle(FA), heel depth(HD), bone quality(BQ), rear legs side view(RLSV), rear legs rear view(RLRV) and locomotion(LC) were 0.128, 0.144, 0.100, 0.273, 0.333, 0.090, 0.179, 0.066, 0.104, 0.109, 0.127, 0.099, 0.059, 0.069, 0.154, 0.014, 0.010, 0.052, 0.065, 0.175 and 0.031, respectively. Among the genetic correlations, UD, UT, FTP, RAW, FTL, FA and RLSV with MY were -0.334, 0.271, 0.445, 0.544, 0.076, -0.281 and -0.228, respectively, and MS, FTP, RTP, FTL, FA, BQ, RLSV, RLRV and LC with PP were -0.147, -0.182, -0.262, -0.136, 0.355, 0.311, 0.135, 0.233 and 0.143, respectively. Especially, MY had the highest positive genetic correlation with RAW (0.544), while SCS had the highest negative genetic correlation with LC (-0.603). FP had negative genetic correlation with most udder traits, whereas, FP had positive genetic correlation with leg and hoof traits (0.056 - 0.355).

Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Bovine Udders to Various Chemotherapeutic Agents (유우유방원(乳牛乳房源) Staphylococcus aureus 의 각종 화학요법제(化學療法劑)에 대한 감수성시험(感受性試驗))

  • Han, H.R.;Chung, G.T.
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.85-89
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    • 1972
  • The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five chemotherapeutic agents (penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and furazolidone) was measured for 126 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the udder of dairy cattle. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The MIC of penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and furazolidone ranged from 0.03 to 32 ug/ml, 0.06 to 128 ug/ml, 0.06 to 128 ug/ml, 1.0 to 512 ug/ml, and 0.06 to 32 ug/ml, respectively. The most frequent MIC of the above drugs were; penicillin 0.5ug/ml, streptomycin 1.0ug/ml, tetracycline 0.5ug/ml, oxytetracycline 4.0ug/ml, and furazolidone 2.0ug/ml. 2. The number of strains resistant to penicillin. streptomycin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline were 89(70.6), 9(7.1%), 10(7.9%), and 26(20.6%), respectively. Twenty-eight (29.2%) strains showed multiple resistance to more than two antibiotics tested.

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Clinical Signs and Pathologic Lesions of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pigs, Korea (국내 발생 돼지 구제역의 임상증상, 육안병변 및 현미경적 병변)

  • 배유찬;윤순식;강경일;노인순;김희진;소병재;박중원;진영화;강문일
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.172-176
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    • 2004
  • We described the clinical signs, gross lesions, histopathological lesions, and electronmicroscopy of pig Foot-and-Mouth Disease cases which had occurred in 2002, Korea. Grossly affected pigs showed vesicles on snout, tongue, coronary band, and udder. Histoapthologically, severe intercellular edema and necrosis of prickle cells, and separation between epidermis and dermis were found on the mucosa of tongue and coronary band. And myocardial necrosis and mononuclear cells infiltration in myocardium were found. Electronmicroscopically numerous picornavirus particles(18∼22 nm in diameter) were found in the cytoplasm of prickle cells. By those results, we confirm that those cases were typical FMD cases.

Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Bovine Udder Infections (젖소 유방감염증(乳房感染症)으로부터 분리(分離)한 Gram 음성간균(陰性桿菌))

  • Park, Cheong Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.131-134
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    • 1979
  • In order to know the main causative agent and distribution of the agents in Gram-negative bacillus infections of bovine udders, one hundred and forty-eight cultures of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical cases of mastitis during lactation over a period of 2 years in 6 herds of 180 Holstein cows were studied. Escherichia coli occupied 54.7% of the isolates was the most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacillus. 30 of the isolates (20.3%) were Enterobacter aerogenes, but Enterobacter cloacae was not isolated. Remaining isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Preudomonas aeruginosa and Alcaligenes faecalis. Most of the isolates (75.0%) were isolated from rear quarters.

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Relationship of Somatic Cell Count and Mastitis: An Overview

  • Sharma, N.;Singh, N.K.;Bhadwal, M.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.429-438
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    • 2011
  • Mastitis is characterized by physical, chemical and bacteriological changes in the milk and pathological changes in the glandular tissue of the udder and affects the quality and quantity of milk. The bacterial contamination of milk from the affected cows render it unfit for human consumption and provides a mechanism of spread of diseases like tuberculosis, sore-throat, Q-fever, brucellosis, leptospirosis etc. and has zoonotic importance. Somatic cell count (SCC) is a useful predictor of intramammary infection (IMI) that includes leucocytes (75%) i.e. neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, erythrocytes and epithelial cells (25%). Leucocytes increase in response to bacterial infection, tissue injury and stress. Somatic cells are protective for the animal body and fight infectious organisms. An elevated SCC in milk has a negative influence on the quality of raw milk. Subclinical mastitis is always related to low milk production, changes to milk consistency (density), reduced possibility of adequate milk processing, low protein and high risk for milk hygiene since it may even contain pathogenic organisms. This review collects and collates relevant publications on the subject.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Bovine Udder Infections (젖소 유방염유래(乳房炎由來) Gram 음성간균의(陰性桿菌) 약제감수성(藥劑感受性))

  • Park, Cheon Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 1980
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility of 157 Gram-negative bacilli (90 Escherichia coli. 30 Enterobacter aerogenes, 18 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 12 Proteus spp., 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 Alcaligenes faecalis) isolated from infected bovine udders was determined by the plate dilution method. Gentamicin and oxolinic acid at a concentration of $12.5{\mu}g/ml$ were very active to all of 157 Gram-negative bacilli tested, and 98% of these strains were susceptible to nalidixic acid at a concentration of $25{\mu}g/ml$. Most of the 90 Escherichia coli strains were inhibited by chloramphenicol, ampicillin and carbenicillin and carbenicillin at a concentration of $12.5{\mu}g/ml$. None of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were inhibited at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ of ampicillin and carbenillin, whereas all the species of Proteus resisted a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ or higher tetracycline. All the 3 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were highly resistant to streptomycin, kanamycin, Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nalidixic acid.

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A Case of Bovine Mastitis Caused by Candida krusei (Candida krusei에 의한 유우유방염(乳牛乳房炎))

  • Yeo, Sang Geon;Choi, Won Pil
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 1980
  • This experiment was undertaken to determine the causative agent of bovine mastitis induced by yeast-like fungi and to know its therapeutic effect. California mastitis test, somatic cell counting and pH titration as well as cultural examination were performed continuously for the quarter milk and the feces obtained from the diseased cattle from November, 1979 to February, 1980. As a result, the causative agent was identified as Candida krusei and intramammary infusion of Nystatin was effective in the udder. Candida krusei was isolated from the feces.

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Mastitis in Slaughtered Dairy Cows 1. Udder Infection (도태유우(淘汰乳牛)에 있어서의 유방염(乳房炎)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) 제(第)1보(報) 유방감염(乳房感染))

  • Lee, Chai Yong;Kang, Byong Kyu;Park, Yong Jun;Lee, Chung Gil
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.119-122
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    • 1980
  • The udders of 28 culled dairy cows were removed at slaughter and bacteria isolated. Isolations of major known mammary pathogens comparised Staphylococcus sp. (40.7%), non-identified Gram's negative rods (33.2%) and E. coli (7.4%). In the mixed infection, Staphylococcus sp. was most frequently involved. Drug sensitivity tests were performed on several bacterial species by disc method. These tests indicated that the microorganisms isolated from clinical mastitis of dairy cows were more resistant to antimicrobial agents than the organisrms isolated from milk samples.

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Studies on Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Udder Infections II. Distribution and Biochemical Properties of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (젖소 유방염유래(乳房炎由來) 포도구균(葡萄球菌)에 관한 연구(硏究) II. Coagulase음성(陰性) Staphylococci의 분류(分類) 및 생화학적(生化學的) 특성(特性))

  • Park, Cheong-Kyu;Cho, Yong-Joon
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.165-172
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    • 1983
  • The distribution of slide coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples was investigated mainly according to Kloos and Schleifer's classification scheme, and toxigenic and enzymatic characteristics of these strains were also examined. One-hundred-and-twenty-one strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated were classified into 8 species. Of these species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staph. xylosus, Staph. haemolyticus and Staph. simulans were more frequently found in bovine mastitic milk samples, and toxin and enzyme production of these species were observed in relatively high frequency. Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus was isolated from the 4 quarters with clinical mastitis included in this investigation. By the use of Baird-Parker and Pelzer's classification system, 44.6% and 18.2% of the strains could not be classified in any subgroup, respectively.

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