• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2019

In this work, ultra-fine calcium oxide (CaO) powder derived from eggshells is used as the starting material to synthesize mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The prepared CaO powder is confirmed to have an average particle size of 500 nm. MTAs are synthesized with three types of fine CaO-based powders, namely, tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), and tricalcium aluminate (C3A). The synthesis behavior of C3S, C2S and C3A with ultra-fine CaO powder and the effects of C₃A content and curing time on the properties of MTA are investigated. The characteristics of the synthesized MTA powders are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and a universal testing machine (UTM). The microstructure and compressive strength characteristics of the synthesized MTA powders are strongly dependent on the C3A wt.% and curing time. Furthermore, MTA with 5 wt.% C3A is found to increase the compressive strength and shorten the curing time.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2013

EPDM 고무는 여러 가지 용도에 많이 사용되고 있는 소재이다. 화력발전소의 소각로에서 부산물로 발생하는 버텀애쉬(bottom ash)는 플라이애쉬(fly ash)와는 달리 재활용이 거의 되지 않고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 버텀애쉬 및 탈크를 포함하는 EPDM 복합소재를 roll-mill을 이용하여 제조한 후, 기계적, 열적, 전기적 및 경화 특성 등을 분석하였다. 또한 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)을 이용하여 복합재료의 모폴로지를 관찰하였다. 일부의 버텀애쉬는 계면활성제를 이용하여 개질한 후 EPDM 복합재료를 제조하여 개질의 효과를 조사하였다. 결과로 개질된 버텀애쉬 및 탈크를 포함하는 EPDM 복합재료는 우수한 인장 강도 및 인장 탄성률을 나타내었다. EPDM 복합재료의 체적 저항은 $10^{14}{\Omega}cm$ 이상으로 전기 절연체로서 저항 임계치를 만족하였고, 열적 물성 결과 버텀애쉬 및 탈크가 EPDM의 열적 안정성을 높여 주는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 대나무 섬유(BF)의 화학처리가 BF 및 폴리프로필렌(PP)/대나무섬유(BF) 복합체의 물성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위해, 알칼리 처리 전후의 BF에 대해 ${\gamma}$-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), ${\gamma}$-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPS) 그리고 ${\gamma}$-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MRPS)을 이용하여 실란 상용화제를 처리하였다. BF의 화학처리에 따른 형태학적 특성은 광학현미경(OM)과 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 통해 확인하였으며, 화학 구조의 변화는 FT-IR과 EDS를 통해 확인하였다. 실란처리 시 BF의 열안정성이 증가함을 TGA를 통해 확인하였다. 실란 처리한 PP/BF 복합체의 굴곡강도와 충격특성이 개선되는 것을 만능시험기(UTM)와 충격강도시험기(Izod impact test)를 통해 확인하였고, PP/BF 계면 접착특성이 개선되는 것을 인장시험 후 시편의 파단면을 SEM 사진을 통해 확인하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 EPDM 컴파운드에 여러 종류의 충전제를 사용하여 물리적, 기계적 특성을 관찰하였다. 충전제로는 Semi-reinforcing furnace black(SRF), high abrasion furnace black(HAF) 그리고 acetylene black을 사용하였다. 가교제로는 dicumyl peroxide (DCP)를 사용하였다. 레오미터, 경도계, 만능 재료 시험기, 영구 압축 줄음율 그리고 동적 점탄성 분석을 통하여 재료의 성질을 관찰하였다. EPDM 컴파운드에 충전제로 SRF를 사용하였을 때함량의 증가에 따라 인장강도와 파단 연신율은 증가하였으나, acetylene black을 사용하였을 때 함량의 증가에 따라 인장강도와 파단 연신율은 감소하였다. Acetylene black을 사용하였을 때 넓은 온도 범위에서 저장탄성률의 변화율이 적었다. 또한 EPDM 컴파운드의 tan ${\delta}$는 acetylene black을 사용하였을 때 우수한 결과를 보였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2019

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels modified with various co-monomers, such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and glycerol monomethacrylate (GMMA), were prepared to investigate the effect of adding a co-monomer on the water contents, surface wettability, and tensile modulus. These polymers were synthesized by thermal- and photo-polymerization in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphineoxide (TPO) as the initiators. The characteristics of the hydrogels were analyzed via FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopies, contact angle measurements, and tensile modulus measurements with UTM. Regarding the properties of water in the hydrogels, the ratio between free to bound water was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effects of adding the co-monomers on the water content, surface wettability, and tensile modulus for soft contact lenses were also investigated. In the case of p(HEMA-co-NVP) hydrogels, the increase in the equilibrium water content (EWC) was primarily due to the increase in the bound water content. For p(HEMA-co-GMMA) hydrogels, an increase in free water content was the main reason for the increased EWC. In contrast, in the case of p(HEMA-co-GMA) hydrogels, a decrease in bound water content was observed to be the main factor that reduced the EWC. Photo-polymerized PHEMA hydrogels showed enhanced surface wettability and tensile modulus as compared to those produced via thermal polymerization.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2011

Melt foaming method is one of cost-effective methods to make metal foam and it has been successfully applied to fabricate Mg foams. In this research, AZ31 Mg alloy ingot was used as a metal matrix, using AlCa granular as thickening agent and $CaCO_3$ powder as foaming agent, AZ31 Mg alloy foams were fabricated by melt-foaming method at different foaming temperatures. The porosity was above 41.2%~73.3%, pore size was between 0.38~1.52 mm, and homogenous pore structures were obtained. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the AZ31 Mg alloy foams were investigated by optical microscopy, SEM and UTM. The results showed that pore structure and pore distribution were much better than those fabricated at lower temperatures. The compression behavior of the AZ31 Mg alloy foam behaved as typical porous materials. As the foaming temperature increased from $660^{\circ}C$ to $750^{\circ}C$, the compressed strength also increased. The AZ31 Mg alloy foam with a foaming temperature of $720^{\circ}C$ had the best energy absorption. The energy absorption value of Mg foam was 15.52 $MJ/m^3$ at a densification strain of 52%. Furthermore, the high energy absorption efficiencies of the AZ31 Mg alloy foam kept at about 0.85 in the plastic plateau region, which indicates that composite foam possess a high energy absorption characteristic, and the Vickers hardness of AZ31 Mg alloy foam decreased as the foaming temperature increased.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 무전해 니켈도금에 따른 탄소나노튜브의 표면특성변화가 알루미나강화 에폭시 복합재료의 열전도도 및 파괴인성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았다. 무전해 니켈도금된 탄소나노튜브의 표면특성은 주사전자현미경(SEM), X-선 광전자분광기(XPS), X-선 회절분석(XRD)을 통하여 알아보았다. 열전도도는 열전도율 측정 시스템으로 측정하였고, 파괴인성은 만능시험기(UTM)를 이용한 임계응력세기인자($K_{IC}$)를 측정하여 분석하였다. 실험결과, 무전해 니켈도금은 탄소나노튜브의 표면특성의 변화를 가져오며, 니켈도금된 MWCNTs(Ni-MWCNTs)가 들어있는 경우 미처리 MWCNTs와 비교하여 우수한 열전도도 및 파괴인성을 보였다. 이는 Ni-MWCNTs와 에폭시수지와의 분자간 상호작용의 향상 때문이라 판단된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2015

The Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO) has an ice tank to make a test environment similar to the real ice in the polar sea in order to carry out model tests. One of the most important task of the ice tank is to generate the model ice to have similar material properties as sea ice. The primary properties of sea ice which influence the ice performance of ice breakers and ice-strengthened vessels traveling in the polar sea are ice thickness, flexural strength, density, modulus of elasticity and crystal structure etc. Among them, since the density of model ice influences the buoyance resistance of ice for the ship model, the accurate measurement of ice density should be used to obtain the accurate analysis results from the model test. In this paper, some existing methods to measure the density of model ice are reviewed and a new one is proposed to measure it accurately and easily as possible. In this study, the measuring system including an UTM and several measuring devices was established to obtain the model ice density. Polyethylene and ice specimens are used for a series of repeatable measurement tests. From the results, it was recognized that both of the displacement method and the weight/weight methods gave the stable and favorable tendency.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2003

Statement of problem : Removable partial denture and complete denture often require denture base relines to improve the fittness against tissue-bearing mucosa because of the gradual change in edentulous ridge contour and resorption of underlyng bony structure. Self-curing hard reline resins offers the immediate and relatively inexpensive means to be recondition the surface of denture base directly However weak bond between denture base resin and reline material can harbor bacteria, promote staining, or result in complete separation of the two materials. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of denture cleansers on bond strength and surface hardness of reline resin to denture base resin Denture base resin beams($60.0{\times}15.0{\times}3.0mm$) were made with Lucitone 199. Material and methods : 10mm section was removed from the center of each specimen. The samples were replaced in the molds and the space of l0mm sections were packed with Tokuso Rebase reline material. The specimens were immersed in denture cleansers (Polident, Cleadent) and were evaluated after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. The bond strength and surface hardness of self-curing hard reline materials to heat-curing denture base resin were measured using an UTM (universal testing machine). Results and conclusion : 1) There was no significant difference of usage, kind, and denture cleaner by application time on the bonding strength of self-curing hard reline resin to denture base resin. 2) There was no significant difference of usage, kind, and denture cleaner by application time on the surface hardness, but the surface hardness showed decreasing tendency, as the time of immersion was extended. 3) The failure modes of the specimens was initially adhesive failure and finally cohesive failure of self-curing hard reline resin.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of desensitizer on shear bond strength of adhesive resin cements for all ceramic crown. For this study, Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$(Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) and MS $Coat^{(R)}$(Sun medical, Japan) were used as desensitizer, and Bistite $II^{(R)}$ resin cement(Tokuyama, Japan) and Variolink $II^{(R)}$ resin cement (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) were used. IPS Empress ceramics were bonded to dentin surfaces after application of desensitizer and shear bond strength of specimens were measured using UTM(Zwick 1456 41. Zwick, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strength of both resin cements were not affected by Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$ containing HEMA 2. The shear bond strength of Bistite $II^{(R)}$ resin cement was significantly decreased by MS $Coat^{(R)}$. 3. The failure mode in MS $Coat^{(R)}-Bistite \;II^{(R)}$ group was mainly adhesive type between dentin and resin cement. but that of Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$-Variolink $II^{(R)}$ group was mainly mixed type, combined adhesive failures between dentin and resin cement or porcelain and resin cement.