• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 1970

As a series of studies on the nucleic acids and their related substances 210 samples were collected from 76 places such as farm soil, compost of heap, nuruk and meju to obtain microbial strains which produce 5'-phosphodiesterase. From these samples total of 758 strains were isolated by the use of dilution pour plate method. For all isolated strains primary screening of the productivity of RNA depolymerase was performed and useful strains with regard to 5'-phosphodiesterase productivities were identified. For these useful strains optimum condition, the effect of various compounds on the activity of 5'-phosphodiesterase, and the optimum condition for enzyme reaction were discussed. The quantitative of 5'-mononucleotides produced by the action of 5'-phosphodiesterase was performed using anion-exchange column chromatography and their identified was done by paper chromatography, thinlayer chromatography, ultra violet spectrophotometry, and characteristic color reaction using carbazole and schiff's reagent. (1) Penicillium citreo-viride PO 2-11 and Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21 from soil were identified as a potent 5'-phosphodiesterase producing strains. (2) Optimum culture conditions for Penicillium citreo-viride PO 2-11 strain isolated were found to be pH 5.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, and the optimum conditions for enzyme action of 5'-phosphodiesterase were pH 4.2 and $60^{\circ}C$. Best carbon source for the production of 5'-phosphodiesterase was found to be sucrose and ammonium nitrate for nitrogen source. Addition of 0.01% corn steep liquor or yeast extract exhibited 20% increase in the amount of 5'-phosphodiesterase production compared to the control. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced by this strain was activated by $Mg^{++},\;Ca^{++},\;Zn^{++},\;Mn^{++}$ and was inhibited by EDTA, citrate, $Cu^{++},\;CO^{++}$. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced 5'-mononucleotide from RNA at a rate of 65.81%, and among the 5'-mononucleotides accumulated 5'-GMP only was found to have flavorous and the strain was also found lack of 5'-AMP deaminase. Productivity of flavorous 5'-GMP was found to be 186.7mg per gram of RNA. (3) Optimum culture canditions for the isolated Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21 strain were pH 7.0 and $28^{\circ}C$, and the optimum conditions for the action of 5'-phosphodiesterase were pH 7.3 and $50^{\circ}C$. The best carbon source for 5'-phosphodiesterase production was found to be glucose and that of nitrogen was asparagine. Addition of 0.01% yeast extract exhibited increased productivity of 5'-phosphodiesterase by 40% compared to the non-added control. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced by this strain was activated by $Ca^{++},\;Zn^{++},\;Mn^{++}$ and was inhibited by citrate, EDTA, $Cu^{++}$. It was also found that the strain produce 5'-AMP deaminase in addition to 5'-phosphodiesterase. For this reason although decomposition rate was 63.58% the accumulation of 5'-AMP, 5'-CMP, 5'-GMP and 5'-UMP occurred by the breakdown of RNA. In the course of these reaction 5'-AMP deaminase converted 60% of 5'-AMP thus produced into 5'-IMP and flavorous 5'-mono nucleotide production was significantly increased by this strain over the above mentioned one. Production rates were found to be 171.8mg per grain of RNA for 5'-IMP and 148.2mg per gram of RNA for 5'-GMP, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 1998

This research is to establish the basic data of the nutritive value and improve our diet. In the part of the leaf and stem of the wild and cultivated horned rampion (Phyteuma japonicum Mig), the components such as chemical compositon, vitamin C, free sugar, mineral, nucleotide and its related compounds, composition and free amino acid were analyzed one after another. Content of the crude lipids and proteins was determined much higher in its wildness than in its cultivated horned rampion; while, that of carbohydrates was higher in the former than in the latter. The content of vitamin C was retained higher in the leaf than in the stem horned rampion. And the content of calcium among the detected minerals was outstanding in all of the samples collected, and potassium and magnesium was the next ones in its order. The main components of free sugars in both the wild and cultivated horned rampion were glucose and fructose, and their content was higher in the stem than in the leaf. Nucleotide and its related compounds were identified with 5 kinds of nucieotides such as CMP, UMP, IMP, AMP and hypoxanthine (Hx), and the content of Hx and AMP was the highest I the wild and cultivated samples, respectively. In the composition amino acid of the wild horned rampion, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and phenylalanine was outstandingly abundant; while, such amino acid as methinone and proline was small and besides cysteine couldn't be detected in the stem. Total amounts of composition amino acid in the leaf was 2118.0 and 1120.1mg% in the wild and cultivated sample, respectively. In the free amino acid of horned rampion, the total amount ranged from 8.5 to 50.1mg.%, which were lower level than that of composition amino acid. But the number of free amino acid was 29 kinds, which was bigger in its number than that of composition amino acid detected 17 kinds.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

Species competition among the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum and the diatom Skeletonema costatum was simulated using a mathematical model. Prior to the model simulation competition experiments using the three species were conducted to obtain data for validation by the simulation model. S. costatum dominated at a density of ${\sim}10^{4}\;cells/mL$ compared to the other species in the medium with dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). The growth of S. costatum was also stimulated by the addition of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), such as uridine-5-monophosphate (UMP) or glycerophosphate (Glycero-P), although this species is unable to take up DOP. This implies that the growth of S. costatum may be supported by DIP, which is hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase produced from A. tamarense and G. catenatum. The species competition model was run assuming the environmental conditions of northern Hiroshima Bay, Japan, during spring and summer. G. catenatum increased in cell density and neared the level of S. costatum at the end of the calculation. In the sensitivity analyses by means of doubling and halving parameters, depleted DIP had little effect on the cell density of G. catenatum. However the growth of A. tamarense and S. costatum was significantly affected by changes in the parameter values. These results indicate that if DIP depletion is ongoing, species that have a large phosphate pool in their cells, such as G. catenatum, will predominate in the community.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7523-7527
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• 2013

Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methylenetetrahydrofolate to dUMP to form dTMP. It is a primary target in the chemotherapy of colorectal cancers and some other neoplasms. In order to obtain pure protein for analysis of structure and biological function, an expression vector TS-pET28b (+) was constructed by inserting wild-type human thymidylate synthase (hTS) cDNA into pET28b (+). Then an expression strain was selected after transformation of the recombined plasmid into Rosetta (DE3). Fusion protein with His-tag was efficiently expressed in the form of inclusion bodies after IPTG induction and the content was approximately 40.0% of total bacteria proteins after optimizing expression conditions. When inclusion bodies were washed, dissolved and purified by Ni-NTA under denatured conditions, the purity was up to 90%. On SDS-PAGE and West-blotting, the protein band was found to match well with the predicted relative molecular mass-36kDa. Bioactivity was 0.1 U/mg. The results indicated that high-level expression of wild-type hTS cDNA can be achieved in prokaryotes with our novel method, facilitating research into related chemotherapy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 1981

Crucian carp Carassius carassius L., Skate-fish Parasilurus asolus, snake head Ophicephalus argus and loaches Misgrunus anguillicaudatus have been esteemed as the tasty fresh water fish in Korea. However, a little has been studied on their taste compounds. Amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds as the taste giving substance in the dorsal muscle of crucian carp, skate-fish, snake head and loaches were analyzed. Hypoxanthine (4.6-30.3 ${\mu}mole/g$, on dry base) was dominant among the nucleotide materials in the dorsal muscle of crucian carp, skate-fish, and snake head while IMP (12.8 ${\mu}mole/g$) was detected with the highest amount in loaches meat. IMP was also high in the muscle of skate-fish (13.5 ${\mu}mole/g$) and snake head (5.6 ${\mu}mole/g$). The other nucleotide materials, CMP, UMP, GMP, AMP, and inosine were present less than 2.0 ${\mu}mole/g$ in all the fish meat. The amino acid composition showed that glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the most abundant in the dorsal muscle of crucian carp, skate-fish, snake head and loaches. The analysis of free amino acids showed that histidine, lysine, glycine, and serine were the leading amino acids in the dorsal muscle of crucian carp, alanine, serine, and lysine were of skatefish, glycine, lysine, alanine, and serine were of snake head, while alanine, serine, and glycine were of loaches. Isoleucine and leucine were detected in trace amount in the muscle of skate-fish, snake head, and loaches. It is believed that alanine, Iysine, serine, glycine and histidine along with IMP and hypoxanthine may play an important role as the taste compounds in fresh water fish.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.563-573
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Simvastain, which is HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast. Materials & Methods : Twenty-four cell culture plates containing essential medium were seeded with UMR-106 cell lines, at density of 5 x $10^4$ cells per plate. Each plates were incubated with 5% $CO^2$incubator $37^{\circ}C$. Starting from 2 days after incubation, cell culture medias were replaced with Osteogenesis induction media every 2 days, for 12 days. In some plates, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, $100\muM$ of Simvastatin were added with Osteogenesis induction media, and classified as "test group". Those not added with Simvastatin were classified as "control group". Results : 1. When Alrizarin Red staining was observed with naked eye, control group showed normal deep red color, but test group show rapid decrease of red color as Simvastatin concentration increased more than $0.1\muM$. 2, When observed with microscope, compared to control group, amount of osteo matrix stained with Alrizarin Red decreased rapidly in Simvastatin concentration more than $0.1\muM$. 3. In optical density analysis, regarding control group as a basis, mineral deposition decreased rapidly when Simvastatin concentration increased more than $0.1\muM$. 4. In flow cytometry analysis, survival rate of UMR-106 cell showed no changes in both control group and test group. Conclusion : From the above results, we were able to identify that Simvastatin inhibited osteogenesis without effecting survival or cell number of osteoblasts.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a method in which the negative acknowledge (NACK) message is used as command for cooperation and spectrum sharing. This allows for an automatic request for cooperation and sharing when the direct link of the primary user is in outage, and also allows for saving the number of control messages in cooperation-spectrum sharing based paradigm. In the sharing phase, the selected relay shares a power fraction of $1-{\alpha}$ for secondary transmitted signal while the remaining of ${\alpha}$ is for primary retransmitted signal. In the case of no relay collected, primary transmitter uses NACK as a command to retransmit the signal with fully power fraction (${\alpha}=1$). Both systems are assumed to employ BPSK signals. In this scheme, we propose the joint optimal decoding in the secondary user. The frame error rate (FER) performance at both systems is then analyzed. The theoretical and simulation results validate the analysis and confirm the efficiency of the protocol.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3213-3217
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• 2013

Background: P-glycoprotein (Pgp), encoded by the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, is an efflux transporter which plays an important role in pharmacokinetics. The current preliminary study was designed to determine associations between a germ-line polymorphism in the MDR1 gene with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Materials and Methods: In the current case-control study, 60 differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC)- 45 papillary TC (PTC), 9 follicular TC(FTC) and 6 well-differentiated tumors of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) were examined. Results were compared to a healthy control group (n=58) from the same population. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood with EDTA and the target gene was genotyped by real-time PCR. Results: Carriers of the variant allele of MDR1 exon 26 polymorphism were at 2.8-fold higher risk of DTC than the control group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.3805, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.1597-0.9065 (p> 0.046). Conclusions: Presented results suggest that the MDR1 3435TT genotype might influence risk of development of DTC and that the CC genotype might be linked to a poor prognosis. Large-scale studies are now needed to validate this association.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 1974

The present paper deals with the degradation of nucleotides in the muscle of sea mussel, Mytilus edulis, during drying. Three kinds of samples, raw, hot-air dried, and steamed-and-hot air dried were prepared and the contents of nucleotides were determined by ion exchange chromatography on columns of Dowex 1, X8. ATP and ADP were dominant in the raw muscle showed about $8{\mu}moles/g$, dry basis, respectively. The rate of degadation of ATP was very slow during drying compared with those of fish. The accumulation of ADP and AMP were observed during drying and the amount of total nucleotides (ATP+ADP+AMP) were not decreased remarkably by drying process. IMP was not detected in the all of the samples examined, however, the contents of inosine and hypoxanthine were increased during drying. In case of inosine contents, the hot-air dried sample marked an exceedingly high value equivalent to 8 times of the raw sample whereas steamed-and-hot air dried sample showed 2 times of raw samples.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 2009

In this paper, optimum design of energy-aware distributed detection is considered for a parallel sensor network system consisting of a fusion center and two passive sonar nodes. AND rule and OR rule are employed as the fusion rules of the sensor network. For the fusion rules, it is shown that a threshold rule of each sensor node has uniformly most powerful properties. Optimum threshold for each sensor is investigated that maximizes the probability of detection under a constraint on energy consumption due to false alarms. It is also investigated through numerical experiments how signal strength, an energy constraint, and the distance between two sensor nodes affect the system detection performances.