• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2016

One of the primary concerns about the design aspects is that how to deal with the shear reinforcement in the ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beam. This study aims to investigate the shear behavior of UHPFRC rectangular cross sectional beams with fiber volume fraction of 1.5 % considering a spacing of shear reinforcement. Shear tests for simply supported UHPFRC beams were performed. Test results showed that the steel fibers substantially improved of the shear resistance of the UHPFRC beams. Also, shear reinforcement had a synergetic effect on enhancement of ductility. Even though the spacing of shear reinforcement exceeds the spacing limit recommended by current design codes (ACI 318-14), shear strength of UHPFRC beam was noticeably greater than current design codes. Therefore, the spacing limit of 0.75d can be allowed for UHPFRC beams.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2018

이 연구에서는 UHPFRC의 주요 재료특성관련 설계변수로써 UHPFRC의 인장강도의 변동, 탄성계수의 변동 및 인장철근비의 변동이 UHPFRC의 휨강도에 미치는 영향을 해석적으로 파악하고자 하였다. UHPFRC의 인장강도 변동량이 ${\pm}20%$일 때 휨강도 예측 결과는 ${\pm}8{\sim}9%$ 수준의 휨강도 변동을 나타낸다. 수치 해석 결과는 UHPFRC의 인장강도의 변동이 휨강도 예측 수준에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 나타낸다. 탄성계수 변동에 따른 휨모멘트-곡률 곡선 예측 결과는 곡선의 기울기, 즉 휨강성의 차이를 나타내고, 휨강도는 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않는다. 한편, 철근항복강도가 400MPa인 경우, 철근비가 0.5%일 때에 비해 철근비가 1.0, 1.5 및 2.0%일 때 SC120f의 휨강도는 각각 30, 67 및 99%만큼 증가한다. 또한, 철근비가 0.5%일 때에 비해 철근비가 1.0, 1.5 및 2.0%일 때 SC150f의 휨강도는 각각 29, 57 및 86%만큼 증가하고, SC180f의 휨강도는 각각 25, 50 및 70%만큼 증가하였다. 따라서 철근비 변동에 따라 UHPFRC의 휨강도는 큰 영향을 받음을 나타내고, 콘크리트 설계기준 압축강도가 클수록 철근비 증가에 따른 휨강도 증가율은 더 작음을 나타낸다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2013

The analytical model was constituted to evaluate the flexural strength of UHPFRC(ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete) member. The analytical approach was attemped to study the effect of the joint and the result compared with the experimental study to verify the analytical model. The calculated value tends to underestimate about 23%~25% in comparison with the experimental result of the jointed test member because the bond stress between precast UHPFRC and cast-in-place UHPFRC surface is not considered in the analytical model. But in the case of the continuous test member, the analytical model provides reasonable results for the flexural strength of UHPFRC member.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권5A호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2012

최근 국내에서도 압축강도 180 MPa, 인장강도 10 MPa 이상의 초고성능 섬유보강 콘크리트(Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete, UHPFRC)가 개발되었다. 그러나 UHPFRC는 물-결합재비가 낮고 다량의 고분말 혼화재료를 혼입하며, 굵은 골재를 사용하지 않기 때문에 초기 재령에서의 자기수축이 크고, 표면이 급격히 건조하는 등 기존의 일반 콘크리트(Normal Concrete, NC) 및 고성능 콘크리트(High Performance Concrete, HPC)와는 다른 재료적 특성을 보인다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 UHPFRC에 적합한 재료 실험 방법과 규정을 제안하고 극 초기 재령에서의 강도 특성을 평가하기 위하여 응결 및 수축, 인장 실험을 수행하였다. 응결 실험 결과 파라핀 오일을 UHPFRC의 모르타르 표면에 적용할 경우 표면에서의 급격한 건조현상을 효율적으로 억제할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 시멘트와 배합수의 수화반응을 지연 또는 촉진 시키지 않는 것으로 나타나 응결 실험 시 표면건조 방지제로 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 링-테스트를 수행하여 내부 강재 링의 온도와 변형률의 경향이 달라지는 시점을 수축 응력 발현 시점으로 정의하였으며, 이를 응결 실험과 비교하여 본 결과 응결침에 걸리는 관입 저항력이 약 1.5 MPa일 때 수축 응력이 발현되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 초결 및 종결보다 약 0.6시간, 2.1시간 빠른 것이며, 상기 시점을 UHPFRC의 자기수축 측정 시점(time-zero)으로 규정하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구에서는 극 초기 재령 인장강도 측정 장비를 제작하여 초결시점에서부터 UHPFRC의 인장강도와 탄성계수를 측정하였으며, 이를 고려한 UHPFRC의 인장강도 및 탄성계수 예측식을 제안하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.473-487
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• 2021

The review of the literature and design guidelines indicates a lack of design codes governing the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). This study uses the results of a 3D finite element model constructed previously by the authors and verified against an experimental programme to gain a clear understanding of the shear strength of RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC by using different schemes. Experimental results found in the literature along with the numerical results for shear capacities of normal-strength RC and UHPFRC beams without stirrups are compared with available code design guidelines and empirical models found in the literature. The results show variance between the empirical models and the experimental results. Accordingly, proposed equations derived based on empirical models found in the literature were set to estimate the shear capacity of normal-strength RC beams without stirrups. In addition, the term 'shear span-to-depth ratio' is not considered in the equations for design guidelines found in the literature regarding the shear capacity of UHPFRC beams without stirrups. Consequently, a formula estimating the shear strength of UHPFRC and RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC plates and considering the effect of shear span-to-depth ratio is proposed and validated against an experimental programme previously conducted by the authors.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.211-227
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• 2020

To explore the feasibility of eliminating the longitudinal rebars and stirrups by using ultra-high-performance fiber reinforcement concrete (UHPFRC) in concrete encased steel composite stub column, compressive behavior of UHPFRC encased steel stub column has been experimentally investigated. Effect of concrete types (normal strength concrete, high strength concrete and UHPFRC), fiber fractions, and transverse reinforcement ratio on failure mode, ductility behavior and axial compressive resistance of composite columns have been quantified through axial compression tests. The experimental results show that concrete encased composite columns with NSC and HSC exhibit concrete crushing and spalling failure, respectively, while composite columns using UHPFRC exhibit concrete spitting and no concrete spalling is observed after failure. The incorporation of steel fiber as micro reinforcement significantly improves the concrete toughness, restrains the crack propagation and thus avoids the concrete spalling. No evidence of local buckling of rebars or yielding of stirrups has been detected in composite columns using UHPFRC. Steel fibers improve the bond strength between the concrete and, rebars and core shaped steel which contribute to the improvement of confining pressure on concrete. Three prediction models in Eurocode 4, AISC 360 and JGJ 138 and a proposed toughness index (T.I.) are employed to evaluate the compressive resistance and post peak ductility of the composite columns. It is found that all these three models predict close the compressive resistance of UHPFRC encased composite columns with/without the transverse reinforcement. UHPFRC encased composite columns can achieve a comparable level of ductility with the reinforced concrete (RC) columns using normal strength concrete. In terms of compressive resistance behavior, the feasibility of UHPFRC encased steel composite stub columns with lesser longitudinal reinforcement and stirrups has been verified in this study.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2018

초고강도 섬유보강 콘크리트 50M 합성 박스거더에 대한 재료적 비선형 및 기하학적 비선형 유한요소해석이 수행되었다. 인장과 압축구역에서 구성방정식을 실험에 근거하여 모델링하였다. 비선형 유한요소해석의 정확성은 UHPFRC 50M 합성거더의 실험 결과와 비교하여 검증하였다. 1.5% 체적대비 섬유혼입률, 135MPa 압축강도 및 18MPa 휨인장강도 특성을 가진 UHPFRC 50M 합성거더에 대한 휨실험이 수행되었다. 포스트텐션힘으로 결합된 UHPFRC 합성거더는 3개의 UHPFRC 분절 U거더와 고강도 철근콘크리트 슬래브로 구성되었다. Midas FEA를 사용하여 UHPFRC 거더 부분은 8개 절점을 가진 3차원 6면체 모델링을 하였고, 철근와 강연선은 2개 절점을 가진 선형 요소로 모델링하였다. Total strain crack 모델에 기반을 둔 압축 및 인장 다중 선형모델을 사용하여 구성방정식을 설정하였고 균열은 smeared crack model로 구성하였다. 철근과 강연선의 비선형성은 Von Mises 규준을 적용하였다. 비선형 정적해석은 Newton-Rhapson 기법의 수렴치를 사용한 점진적 반복기법을 사용하여 해를 수행하였다. 유한요소해석은 하중-변위관계, 중립축 변화관계 및 균열양상에 대하여 실험 결과와 수치 해석 결과를 비교하여 검증하였다. 하중-변위 관계는 실험 결과와 비교해볼 때 매우 정확한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 본 논문에서 수행한 비선형 유한요소해석법은 철근보강 포스트텐션닝 초고강도 섬유보강 합성 박스거더의 휨거동 해석에 만족한 결과를 보여주고 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.563-582
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• 2021

The present study experimentally and analytically investigated the push-out behaviour of H-shaped steel section embedded in ultrahigh-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). The effect of significant parameters such as the concrete types, fibre content, embedded steel length, transverse reinforcement ratio and concrete cover on the bond stress, development of bond stress along the embedded length and failure mechanism has been reported. The test results show that the bond slip behaviour of steel-UHPFRC is different from the bond slip behaviour of steel-normal concrete and steel-high strength concrete. The bond-slip curves of steel-normal concrete and steel-high strength concrete exhibit brittle behaviour, and the bond strength decreases rapidly after reaching the peak load, with a residual bond strength of approximately one-half of the peak bond strength. The bond-slip curves of steel-UHPFRC show an obvious ductility, which exhibits a unique displacement pseudoplastic effect. The residual bond strength can still reach from 80% to 90% of the peak bond strength. Compared to steel-normal concrete, the transverse confinement of stirrups has a limited effect on the bond strength in the steel-UHPFRC substrate, but a higher stirrup ratio can improve cracking resistance. The experimental campaign quantifies the local bond stress development and finds that the strain distribution in steel follows an exponential rule along the steel embedded length. Based on the theory of mean bond and local bond stress, the present study proposes empirical approaches to predict the ultimate and residual bond resistance with satisfactory precision. The research findings serve to explain the interface bond mechanism between UHPFRC and steel, which is significant for the design of steel-UHPFRC composite structures and verify the feasibility of eliminating longitudinal rebars and stirrups by using UHPFRC in composite columns.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2022

Externally bonded ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is commonly used as a strengthening material for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This study reports the results of an experimental program investigating the bonding behavior between concrete and prefabricated UHPFRC plates. The overall experimental program is consisting of five RC specimens, which are strengthened using the different lengths and widths of prefabricated UHPFRC plates. These specimens were analyzed using the pull-pull double-shear test. The performance of each strengthened specimen is presented, discussed and compared in terms of failure mode, maximum load, load-slip relationship, fracture energy and strain distribution. Specimen C-25-160-300 which bonded along the whole width of 160 mm recorded the highest maximum load (109.2 kN) among all the analysed specimens. Moreover, a 3D numerical finite element model (FEM) is proposed to simulate the bond behavior between concrete and UHPFRC plates. Moreover, this study reviews the analytical models that can predict the relationship between the maximum bond stress and slip for strengthened concrete elements. The proposed FEM is verified against the experimental program and then used to test 36 RC specimens strengthened with prefabricated UHPFRC plates with different concrete grades and UHPFRC plate widths. The obtained results together with the review of analytical models helped in the formation of a design equation for estimating the bond stress between concrete and prefabricated UHPFRC plates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권3호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2019

To study the eccentric compression behavior of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) columns, six UHPFRC columns and one high-strength concrete (HSC) column were tested. Variation parameters include load eccentricity, volume of steel fibers and stirrup ratio. The crack pattern, failure mode, bearing capacity, and deformation of the specimens were studied. The results showed that the UHPFRC columns had different failure modes. The large eccentric compression failure mode was the longitudinal tensile reinforcements yielded and many horizontal cracks appeared in the tension zone. The small eccentric compression failure mode was the longitudinal compressive reinforcements yielded and vertical cracks appeared in the compressive zone. Because of the bridging effect of steel fibers, the number of cracks significantly increased, and the width of cracks decreased. The load-deflection curves of the UHPFRC columns showed gradually descending without sudden dropping, indicating that the specimens had better deformation. The finite element (FE) analysis was performed to stimulate the damage process of the specimens with monotonic loading. The concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model was adopted to characterize the behaviour of UHPFRC. The contribution of the UHPFRC tensile strength was considered in the bearing capacity, and the theoretical calculation formulas were derived. The theoretical calculation results were consistent with the test results. This research can provide the experimental and theoretical basis for UHPFRC columns in engineering applications.