• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the UCP-1, UCP-3 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue with glycometabolism according to intensity and duration of swimming in rat. F344 rat were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each group): control (CON), low-intensity swimming (LIS) groups, and high-intensity swimming (HIS) groups. Animals in the LIS group were forced to swim in swimming pool for 30min once a day for 8 consecutive weeks with a light intensity. In the HIS group, the rats repeated fifteen 20-s swimming bouts with a weight equivalent to 10% of body weight for 8weeks, respectively. The present result demonstrated that in LIS group, serum insulin and glucose levels significantly decreased in LIS group compared to CON. Brown adipose tissue UCP-1 and UCP-3mRNA expression was significantly increase in LIS group compared to CON and HIS groups. From those results, it can be suggested that low-intensity swimming may improve glycometablism control by up-regulating UCP-1 and UCP-3mRNA expression.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fasting and high-fat diet feeding on uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mRNA levels, uncoupling the respiratory chain and producing heat, of skeletal muscle in rat. METHODS. Fasting experiment: Forty Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5 wk) were divided into non-fasting groups (CON) and fasting groups (FG) for 0 day, 0.5 day (12 hr), 1 day, 2 day and 3 day. The rats of CON were sacrificed at 0 and 3 day. High-fat diet experiment: Forty Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5 wk) were divided into low-fat diet groups (LF) and high-fat diet group feeding for 0 day, 0.5 day (12 hr), 1 day, 2 day and 3 day. The rats of LF were sacrificed at 0 and 3 day. Analysis: Analysis of UCP3 mRNA expression was used by Real-time PCR. RESULTS. UCP3 mRNA levels of FG group were increased according to time course for 2 days- fasting but decreased at 3 day-fasting. UCP3 mRNA of HF were increased during HF diet feeding for 2 day, and peaked at 1 day-HF feeding, but decreased 2 day and 3 day-HF feeding CONCLUSION. Therefore, it may be rational that UCP3 is up-regulation when a large amount of fatty acids influx occurs in skeletal muscles as well as might have a role for fine adjustments of energy expenditure.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to examine diet-induced changes in the expression of UCP2 mRNA in the liver and UCP3 mRNA in the skeletal muscle of mice fed a high-sucrose or high-fat diet. Male ICR mice, aged 4 weeks, were divided into three dietary groups and fed control (N) or modified AIN-76 high-sucrose (US) or high-fat (HF) diets for 12 weeks. The serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations of the HF group were significantly higher than those of the N and HS groups. The hepatic TC and triglyceride contents of the HS and HF groups were also significantly higher than those of the N group. The HS diet group had higher serum leptin and insulin levels compared to those of the HF group. Hepatic UCP2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the HS group than in the N group, but the level in the HF group did not differ from that of the N group. Muscular UCP3 mRNA level was significantly higher in the HF group and especially in the HS group than in N the group. We observed that two gene (UCP2, 3) levels exhibited a similar tendency. These results suggest that UCPs mRNA levels and energy expenditure may be altered or controlled by various dietary patterns. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of diet on the regulation of many obesity-related genes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2019

Objective: Uncoupling protein 3 gene (UCP3) is a candidate gene associated with the meat quality of pigs. The aim of this study was to explore the regulation mechanism of UCP3 expression and provide a theoretical basis for the research of the function of porcine UCP3 gene in meat quality. Methods: Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) were used to analyze the methylation of UCP3 5′-flanking region and UCP3 mRNA expression in the adipose tissue or skeletal muscle of three pig breeds at different ages (1, 90, 210-day-old Putian Black pig; 90-day-old Duroc; and 90-day-old Dupu). Results: Results showed that two cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) islands are present in the promoter region of porcine UCP3 gene. The second CpG island located in the core promoter region contained 9 CpG sites. The methylation level of CpG island 2 was lower in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of 90-day-old Putian Black pigs compared with 1-day-old and 210-day-old Putian Black pigs, and the difference also existed in the skeletal muscle among the three 90-day-old pig breeds. Furthermore, the obvious changing difference of UCP3 mRNA expression was observed in the skeletal muscle of different groups. However, the difference of methylation status and expression level of UCP3 gene was not significant in the adipose tissue. Conclusion: Our data indicate that UCP3 mRNA expression level was associated with the methylation status of UCP3 promoter in the skeletal muscle of pigs.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.171-185
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• 2007

1. Objectvies This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of cheongpesagan-tang extract on the obstruction of the lipase activity and weight, plasma, UCP1, 2 mRNA in db/db mouse. Material and Methods: The body weight loss, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, weight of the internal organs (liver, kidney, epididymal fat, brown adipose tissue), plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, white adipose tissue, adipocyte size distribution, expression of UCP1, 2 mRNA were measured in db/db mouse administered Cheongpesagan-tang extract for 6 weeks. These were then compared with those of control groups administered the diet. 2. Results 1) Inhibitory effect against lipase activity was Kilgyung(81.7%), Nabokja (73.1%), Seungma(73.0%), Daewhang (68.4%), Kalgeun (55.3%), Kobon(34.5%), Hwanggeum(4.2%). 2) In the sample group, the body weight was significantly decrease than that of control group. 3) In the sample group, the weight of epididymal fat showed significantly decrease than that of control group. 4) In the sample group, triglyceride showed significantly decrease than that of control group. 5) In the sample group, distribution of adipose tissue showed significantly larger than that of control group. 6) In the sample group, UCP1, 2 mRNA in BAT showed significantly increase than that of control group. 3. Conclusions These results show that cheongpesagan-tang has an effect on the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.788-795
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• 2002

This study described the effect of levan (9-2,6-linked fructose polymer) feeding on serum lipids, adiposity and uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in growing rats. Levan was synthesized from sucrose using bacterial levansucrase. UCP is a mitochondrial protein that uncouples the respiratory chain from oxidative Phosphorylation and generates heat instead of ATP, thereby increase energy expenditure. We observed that 3% or 5% levan containing diet reduced serum triglyceride levels, visceral and peritoneal fat mass and induced the UCP expression in rats fed high fat diet in previous study. To determine whether the intake of low level of levan may have the hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effect, 4 wk old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed AIN-76A diet for 6 wk, and sub-sequently fed 1% or 2% levan solution for further 5 wk. Intake of 1% levan in liquid form reduced serum triglyceride and serum total cholesterol levels to 50% and 66% of control group, respectively. Although epididymal and peritoneal fat masses were not affected by levan feeding, visceral fat mass was lower in 1% levan group compared to control group. The expression of UCP2 mRNA in brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and hypothalamus and UCP3 mRNA in skeletal muscle were not changed by levan feeding, while the UCP2 mRNA in white adipose tissue was up-regulated by levan feeding. In conclusions, intake of low level of levan solution reduced serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, restrained the visceral fat accumulation and increased UCP expression in white adipose tissue in rats. This study suggests that hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effect of levan attributed to anti-lipogenesis and inefficeint energy utilization by up-regulation of UCPs.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.239-246
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• 2010

It is suggested that ovariectomy induces body weight gain primarily in the form of adipose tissue in rodents. Since liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ (PPAR${\alpha}$) and uncoupling 2 (UCP2) are involved in the regulation of energy expenditure, it was investigated whether swim training regulates ovariectomy-induced adiposity and steatosis through liver PPAR${\alpha}$ and UCP2 activation in female ovariectomized mice, an animal model of postmenopausal women. Swim-trained mice had significantly decreased adipose tissue weights compared with sedentary control mice. Histological analysis showed that hepatic lipid accumulation was inhibited by swim training. Concomitantly, swim training significantly increased mRNA levels of PPAR${\alpha}$ and its target genes responsible for peroxisomal fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation, such as acyl-CoA oxidase, enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and thiolase in the liver. Moreover, swim training induced the mRNA expression of UCP2. These results suggest that swim training can effectively prevent adiposity and steatosis caused by ovariectomy, in part through activation of liver PPAR${\alpha}$ and UCP2 in female obese mice.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.77-92
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Acanthopanax senticocus(AS) herbal acupuncture on the metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet fed mice. Methods : ICR mice were fed with high-fat diet to induce the metabolic syndrome. During the inducement of the metabolic syndrome, the groups were treated with AS herbal acupuncture with different concentrations(125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) to the point of Sinsu(BL23) everyday for 5 weeks. Thereafter, body weight, feed efficiency ratio, blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin level, insulin resistance, oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), lipid profile(TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, NEFA), mass of liver, histology of white adipose tissue(WAT) and brown adipose tissue(BAT), and expression of GLUT-4 and UCP-1 mRNA were measured. Results : The risk factors of metabolic syndrome such as obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM), insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia were aggravated by high-fat diet for 5-weeks. AS herbal acupuncture inhibited the development of weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, dylipidemia and expression of GLUT-4 in WAT and UCP-1 mRNA in BAT, and also improved oral glucose intolerance and distribution of adipose tissue.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a mitochondrial protein that is expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle. It may play a role in altering metabolic function. However, its major physiological roles are not fully understood. Recently de novo expression of UCP3 in rat liver by fenofibrate was reported. We also reported previously that fenofibrate-induced de novo expression of UCP3 contributes to reduction of adipose tissue in obese rats. In the present study, we investigated that ienofibrate-induced expression of UCP3 in rat liver is related with metabolic function such as body weight and hepatic lipid content by time-dependent manner in high-fat diet rats. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups; the high fat diet group (HF, n=16) and fenofibrate-treated high fat diet group (HFF, n=16). The mRNA expression of hepatic UCP3 was detected as early as 1 week of fenofibrate treatment by quantitative real-time PCR and the amount of mRNA was increased time-dependently. The mean body weight of the HFF group was significantly less com. pared with the HF group after 6 weeks of fenofibrate treatment, even though there was no difference of food intake between the two groups. Rectal temperature was increased during 4 to 6 weeks of fenofibrate treatment and body weight was decreased after 6 weeks of treatment. These results were corresponded with the increased amount of the expression of UCP3 mRNA and protein. We suggest that de novo expression of hepatic UCP3 is increased time-dependently with fenofibrate treatment and that the amount of expression is correlated with metabolic function.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.796-804
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• 2004

We found previously that dietary high fat caused obesity, and levan supplementation to the regular diet reduced adiposity and serum lipids. In the present study, we examined the effects of levan [high-molecular-mass $\beta$-(2,6)-linked fructose polymer] supplement on the development of obesity and lipid metabolism in rats fed with high-fat diet. Thus, to determine whether the dietary levan may have the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects, 4-wk-old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with high-fat diet for 6 wk to induce obesity, and subsequently fed with 0, 1, 5, or 10% levan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 4 wk. For the comparison, a normal control group was fed with AIN-76A diet. Supplementation with levan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced body weight gain, white fat (i.e., epididymal, visceral, and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and the development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia in a dose-dependent manner. Serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced by levan supplementation. Serum total cholesterol level was reduced, whereas the HDL cholesterol level was increased by dietary levan. The expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) was increased by dietary high fat, and was further induced by levan supplementation. The mRNA level of UCP1, 2, and 3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and UCP3 in skeletal muscle was upregulated in rats fed with dietary levan. In conclusion, upregulated UCP mRNA expression may contribute to suppression of development of obesity through increased energy expenditure. The present results suggest that levan supplementation to the diet is beneficial in suppressing diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.