• 제목/요약/키워드: UCG

검색결과 19건 처리시간 0.019초

확장성을 고려한 UCG 저작도구의 구조 설계 (The Framework Design for Expansion in UCG Authoring Tool)

  • 성연식;조경은;엄기현
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.75-85
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    • 2008
  • UCC(User Created Contents) 사이트가 활성화되면서 제작 가능한 콘텐츠 종류가 다양해졌다. 제작 가능한 콘텐츠 중에서 UCG(User Created Game)는 사용자가 직접 제작하고 공유하는 게임이다. UCG의 제작 방법은 사용자의 숙련도에 따라서 두 가지로 분류해 볼 수 있다. 첫 번째, 저작도구를 사용하는 방법은 게임 제작에 익숙하지 않은 초보 사용자에게 적합하지만 사용방법이 쉬워지면서 기능이 제약적이다. 두 번째, 프로그램 언어를 이용한 개발은 게임 제작에 익숙한 고급 사용자에게 적합하지만 개발기간이 길어진다. 이 논문에서는 스크립트를 사용해서 초보 사용자에게 적합한 저작도구의 기능을 확장하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 제안한 저작도구는 프로그램 소스를 생성하기 때문에 고급 사용자는 제공하지 않는 기능만 추가 구현해서 개발 기간을 단축한다. 제안한 방법의 UCG 제작 과정을 검증하기 위해서 게임 제작에 필요한 GUI, 스크립트 생성 기능과 프로그램 소스 생성 기능을 포함하는 프레임워크를 설계한다. 그리고 설계한 게임 저작도구를 구현해서 개발된 게임 제작 사례를 보임으로써 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법을 소개한다.

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Web2.0 기반 에듀테인먼트 게임 시스템, UCG (UCG, An Edutainment Game System based on Web 2.0)

  • 노용덕;장영석;차상일;정문기;김성구
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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    • 제14권9호
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    • pp.892-896
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    • 2008
  • 기존의 웹을 통한 에듀테인먼트 게임이 갖는 문제점 중 하나는 제한된 콘텐츠와 더불어 그 틀이 고정되어 있다는 점이다. 이러한 게임 구조하에서는 개개인마다 다른 개인적 취향을 제대로 살리지 못해 게임을 통한 학습의 능률이 제한적이라는 단점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 극복하고자 본 논문에서는 웹 2.0을 기반해 사용자가 관심을 가지는 학습 콘텐츠를 선택할 뿐 아니라 직접 게임의 틀을 선택할 수 있는, UCG(User Combinative Game)이라고 명명한 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 여기서는 UCG 시스템의 구성과 작동 프로세스를 보인다.

사용자의 적극적 참여를 유도하는 교육용 UCG 퀘스트 제작 시스템 연구 (Study on education UCG quest production system for user's active participation)

  • 정원조;경병표;유석호;이완복
    • 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘텐츠학회 2010년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.79-81
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    • 2010
  • 사용자의 적극적 참여를 유도하는 교육용 UCG(User Creative Game) 퀘스트(Quest) 제작 시스템은 게임 내 역할수행(Quest) 구성 권한을 사용자에게 부여하여 게임 내에서 사용자가 제작한 자유도 높은 임무를 제공한다. 이를 바탕으로 적극적인 사용자는 재미요소와 교육적 목표를 가진 퀘스트를 구성, 제작한다. 퀘스트 제작 시스템을 통하여 생산되는 퀘스트를 통하여 양질의 퀘스트 데이터는 축척 된다. 이로 인하여 게임의 수명은 연장되고 게임 내 교육적 기능성 부여는 게임 개발자가 아니라 교육 전문가인 적극적 사용자를 통하여 이루어진다.

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Pb(Zr0.54Ti0.46)O3 + 0.2 wt% Cr2O3 + 1.0 wt% Nb2O5 조성의 압전 후막을 이용한 유니몰프형 캔틸레버 발전기(UCG)의 최적화 (Optimization of the Unimorph Cantilever Generator (UCG) Using Pb(Zr0.54Ti0.46)O3 + 0.2 wt% Cr2O3 + 1.0 wt% Nb2O5 thick films)

  • 김경범;김창일;윤지선;정영훈;남중희;조정호;백종후;남산;성태현
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제25권12호
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    • pp.955-960
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    • 2012
  • We fabricated piezoelectric unimorph cantilever generators (UCG) using $Pb(Zr_{0.54}Ti_{0.46})O_3$ + 0.2 wt% $Cr_2O_3$ + 1.0 wt% $Nb_2O_5$ (PZCN) piezoelectric thick films, which were produced by a tape casting method. The PZCN thick films were tailored with same width and thickness but different lengths from 7.7 to 57.7 mm in order to evaluate optimized UCG for energy harvesting device applications. When the length of PZCN film was increased, the resonance frequency of UCG was slightly increased from 7 Hz to 8 Hz, which could be due to enlarged area of the highly stiff piezo-ceramic film. However, the output power was proportionally increased with the length of PZCT film and it reached 4.68 mW (1.221 $mW/cm^3$) when the film's length was 57.7 mm under 25 g of tip mass at 8 Hz, which is sufficient for micro-scale device applications.

석탄가스화를 이용한 수소생산 기술현황 및 프로젝트 분석 (A Study on Technology Status and Project of Hydrogen Production from Coal Gasificiation)

  • 고승모;장호창
    • 한국가스학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2023
  • 석탄가스화는 석탄을 불완전 연소하여 수소와 일산화탄소로 이루어진 합성가스를 생성하는 공정이다. 기 존 석탄 연소와 달리 질소 산화물이나 황 산화물이 배출되지 않고 미세먼지 발생량이 적어 석탄을 청정하게 이용할 수 있으며 합성가스를 통해 부가적인 화학물질을 생산할 수 있다. 석탄가스화는 합성가스 생산방식에 따라 석탄가스화복합화력발전(Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, IGCC), 플라즈마 석탄가스화, 지하석탄 가스화(Underground Coal Gasification, UCG)로 분류된다. 최근에는 합성가스의 수소를 활용하기 위하여 일산화탄소를 수소로 전환하는 수성가스전환(Water Gas Shift, WGS) 반응기와 이산화탄소를 포집하는 설비를 결합하는 사례가 늘고 있다. 본 연구에서는 석탄가스화와 합성가스를 이용한 수소 생산 방법에 대하여 정리하였으며 현재 진행되고 있는 석탄가스화를 이용한 수소 생산 프로젝트를 조사하였다.

Shrub coverage alters the rumen bacterial community of yaks (Bos grunniens) grazing in alpine meadows

  • Yang, Chuntao;Tsedan, Guru;Liu, Yang;Hou, Fujiang
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제62권4호
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    • pp.504-520
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    • 2020
  • Proliferation of shrubs at the expense of native forage in pastures has been associated with large changes in dry-matter intake and dietary components for grazing ruminants. These changes can also affect the animals' physiology and metabolism. However, little information is available concerning the effect of pastoral-shrub grazing on the rumen bacterial community. To explore rumen bacteria composition in grazing yaks and the response of rumen bacteria to increasing shrub coverage in alpine meadows, 48 yak steers were randomly assigned to four pastures with shrub coverage of 0%, 5.4%, 11.3%, and 20.1% (referred as control, low, middle, and high, respectively), and ruminal fluid was collected from four yaks from each pasture group after 85 days. Rumen fermentation products were measured and microbiota composition determined using Ion S5™ XL sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and similarity analysis indicated that the degree of shrub coverage correlated with altered rumen bacterial composition of yaks grazing in alpine shrub meadows. At the phyla level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in rumen increased with increasing shrub coverage, whereas the proportions of Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia decreased. Yaks grazing in the high shrub-coverage pasture had decreased species of the genus Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group, Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group and Fretibacterium, but increased species of Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 and Lachnospiraceae UCG-008. These variations can enhance the animals' utilization efficiencies of cellulose and hemicellulose from native forage. Meanwhile, yaks grazed in the high shrub-coverage pasture had increased concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and branched-chain volatile fatty acids (isobutyrate and isovalerate) in rumen compared with yaks grazing in the pasture without shrubs. These results indicate that yaks grazing in a high shrub-coverage pasture may have improved dietary energy utilization and enhanced resistance to cold stress during the winter. Our findings provide evidence for the influence of shrub coverage on the rumen bacterial community of yaks grazing in alpine meadows as well as insights into the sustainable production of grazing yaks on lands with increasing shrub coverage on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Genetic Transformation of Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 by Conjugative Transfer of Host-Mimicking Plasmids

  • Suzuki, Hirokazu;Yoshida, Ken-Ichi
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.1279-1287
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    • 2012
  • We established an efficient transformation method for thermophile Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 using conjugative transfer from Escherichia coli of host-mimicking plasmids that imitate DNA methylation of strain HTA426 to circumvent its DNA restriction barriers. Two conjugative plasmids, pSTE33T and pUCG18T, capable of shuttling between E. coli and Geobacillus spp., were constructed. The plasmids were first introduced into E. coli BR408, which expressed one inherent DNA methylase gene (dam) and two heterologous methylase genes from strain HTA426 (GK1380-GK1381 and GK0343-GK0344). The plasmids were then directly transferred from E. coli cells to strain HTA426 by conjugative transfer using pUB307 or pRK2013 as a helper plasmid. pUCG18T was introduced very efficiently (transfer efficiency, $10^{-5}-10^{-3}\;recipient^{-1}$). pSTE33T showed lower efficiency ($10^{-7}-10^{-6}\;recipient^{-1}$) but had a high copy number and high segregational stability. Methylase genes in the donor substantially affected the transfer efficiency, demonstrating that the host-mimicking strategy contributes to efficient transformation. The transformation method, along with the two distinguishing plasmids, increases the potential of G. kaustophilus HTA426 as a thermophilic host to be used in various applications and as a model for biological studies of this genus. Our results also demonstrate that conjugative transfer is a promising approach for introducing exogenous DNA into thermophiles.

게임 시나리오 저작도구의 개발 (A Development of Game Scenario Authoring Tool)

  • 송현주;이대웅
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 2009
  • 게임이 점점 더 정교하고 광범위하게 개발될수록 게임 시나리오의 역할은 중요해지고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 게임 시나리오 저작을 위한 범용적인 도구는 개발되어 있지 않다. 영화나 드라마를 위한 저작도구들과 단순한 형태의 UCG 저작도구들이 있으나, 이들을 분석해 본 결과 게임 시나리오 저작에 사용하기에는 적합하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 게임 시나리오 저작에 적합하고 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 게임 시나리오 저작도구를 개발하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 개발한 UMa 게임 시나리오 저작도구는 시놉시스 입력부와 퀘스트 입력부, DB 입력부와 통신, 표시 및 제어부로 구성되어 있다. 시놉시스, 퀘스트, 그리고 DB 입력은 제시되는 템플릿에 따라 입력만 하면 시놉시스, 퀘스트, 캐릭터와 아이템 DB가 만들어 지게 된다. 특히, 캐릭터와 아이템 DB는 속편 또는 다른 게임의 시나리오 개발에도 재사용될 수 있도록 독립적으로 저장된다. UMa 저작도구를 사용하면 보다 빠르고 쉽게 게임 시나리오를 제작할 수 있으며, 웹을 활용한 실시간 협업을 통해 공동제작도 가능하다.

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The Differences between Luminal Microbiota and Mucosal Microbiota in Mice

  • Wu, Minna;Li, Puze;Li, Jianmin;An, Yunying;Wang, Mingyong;Zhong, Genshen
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.287-295
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    • 2020
  • The differences between luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosal microbiota (MAM) were little known, especially in duodenum. In this study, LM and MAM in colon and duodenum of mice were investigated through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The lowest bacterial diversity and evenness were observed in duodenal LM (D_LM), followed by duodenal MAM (D_MAM). Meanwhile, the bacterial diversity and evenness were obviously increased in D_MAM than these in D_LM, while no significant difference was observed between colonic MAM (C_MAM) and colonic LM (C_LM). PCoA analysis also showed that bacterial communities of LM and MAM in duodenum were completely separated, while these in colon overlapped partly. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) in D_MAM was significantly higher than that in D_LM. Lactobacillus was largely enriched and was the characteristic bacteria in D_LM. The characteristic bacteria in D_MAM were Turicibacter, Parasutterella, Marvinbryantia and Bifidobacterium, while in C_LM they were Ruminiclostridium_6, Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_007 and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010, and in C_MAM they were Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Mucispirillum, Alistipes, Ruminiclostridium and Odoribacter. The networks showed that more interactions existed in colonic microbiota (24 nodes and 74 edges) than in duodenal microbiota (17 nodes and 29 edges). The 16S rDNA function prediction results indicated that bigger differences of function exist between LM and MAM in duodenum than these in colon. In conclusion, microbiota from intestinal luminal content and mucosa were different both in colon and in duodenum, and bacteria in colon interacted with each other much more closely than those in duodenum.

Effect of increasing levels of rice distillers' by-product on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and colonic microbiota of weaned piglets

  • Cong, Oanh Nguyen;Taminiau, Bernard;Kim, Dang Pham;Daube, Georges;Van, Giap Nguyen;Bindelle, Jerome;Fall, Papa Abdulaye;Dinh, Ton Vu;Hornick, Jean-Luc
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.788-801
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    • 2020
  • Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different wet rice distillers' by-product (RDP) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 48 weaned castrated male crossbred pigs, initial body weight 7.54±0.97 kg, and age about 4 wks, were used in this experiment. The piglets were randomly allocated into three iso-nitrogenous diet groups that were fed either a control diet, a diet with 15% RDP, or a diet with 30% RDP for a total of 35 days. Chromium oxide was used for apparent digestibility measurements. On d 14 and d 35, half of the piglets were randomly selected for hemato-biochemical and gut microbiota evaluations. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of RDP tended to linearly increase (p≤0.07) average daily gain on d 14 and d 35, and decreased (p = 0.08) feed conversion ratio on d 35. Empty stomach weight increased (p = 0.03) on d 35 while digestibility of diet components decreased. Serum globulin concentration decreased on d 14 (p = 0.003) and red blood cell count tended to decrease (p = 0.06) on d 35, parallel to increase RDP levels. Gene amplicon profiling of 16S rRNA revealed that the colonic microbiota composition of weaned pigs changed by inclusion of RDP over the period. On d 14, decreased proportions of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge, and increased proportions of Prevotellaceae_ge, Prevotella_2, and Prevotella_9 were found with inclusion of RDP, whereas opposite effect was found on d 35. Additionally, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge in RDP diets decreased over periods in control diet but increased largely in diet with 30% RDP. Conclusion: These results indicate that RDP in a favorable way modulate gastrointestinal microbiota composition and improve piglet performance despite a negative impact on digestibility of lipids and gross energy.