• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2001

A UBET analysis has been carried out to predict the forming load and the extruded length of forward and backward extrusion of hexagonal and trochoidal wrench colts. For the upper bound load and the average length of the extruded billets are determined by minimizing the total energy consumption rate which is a function of unknown velocities and parameters at each element. Experiments are carried out with antimony-lead billets at room temperature using hexagonal and trochoidal shaped punches. The theoretical predictions of the forming load and the extruded length are in good agreement with the experimetal results.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.116-121
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• 1999

Since the material flow near the die part in CONFORM (Continuous Extrusion Forming) process is similar to that of side-extrusion, the side-extrusion model of tube shaped aluminum profiles was studied for the die design in CONFORM process. In this paper, the effects of process parameters in the side -extrusion through a two-hole die face, such as material flow, height and thickness of the tube, velocities of punch and lengths of bearing land were investigated using UBET program and DEFORM commercial FEM code. The optimum lengths of the bearing lands and punch velocities for obtaining the straight shape products required were determined.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 자유단조용 프레서를 이용하여 돌출부가 있는 비대칭 중공형단 조 제품을 생산할 수 있도록 금형장치를 설계.제작하고, Fig.1에서 보는 바와 같이 경 사진 돌출부가 있는 비축대칭 복합단조에 UBET를 적용하여 해석하였다. 단조시편은 원주형태를 가지도록 하였다. 즉 원주형 소재가 요구되는 비축대칭 단조제품으로 변 형되는 과정에서 단조하중, 재료가 돌출부를 충만하도록 하는 유동특성, 재료가 돌출 부로 차들어가는 속도 등에 영향을 주는 인자(예:펀치 직경의 크기, 금형 상하면의 각 도)의 특성을 이론적으로 해석하고 실험으로 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.285-299
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 UBET를 이용한 프로그램을 개발하여 소성가공 문제에 적용하였 으며, 형단조 가공에서 형 내부의 재료의 비정상 유동을 해석할 수 있는 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 매 변형단계에서 요소별 가공경화를 고려하여 자동적으로 요소시스템 (element system)을 재구성함으로써, UBET에 의한 소성가공 문제 해석을 효율적으로 할 수 있도록 하였다. 축대칭 형단조 문제에 있어서 리브의 높이대 폭의 비가 1.0, 2.0일때 UBET 및 탄소성 유한요소법에 의하여 형 내부의 재료 층만 과정을 시뮬레이션 하였으며, 단조 하중, 다이 충만도 및 재료의 유동 경향을 분석하여 적절한 유동 모델 과 초기 소재의 형상을 구하였다. 모델 재료를 사용한 형단조 모의실험을 수행하여 재료유동 및 변형 단계별 단조 하중분포 등을 구하였으며, 해석결과와 비교 분석하였 다. 또한 후방압출(backward extrusion) 및 평두형 펀치에 의한 평판압입(flat pu- nch indentation) 문제를 해석하였다. 후방압출시 모서리부의 라운딩(rounding) 효 과가 재료 유동에 미치는 영향을 고려하였으며, 평두형 펀치에 의한 평판압입에서는 상당 소성변형률(equivalent plastic strain)의 분포를 탄소성 유한요소법(elastic plastic finite element method)에 의한 결과와 비교하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1211-1219
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• 1995

An upper bound elemental technique (UBET) program has been developed to analyze forging load, die-cavity filling and effective strain distribution for flash and flashless forgings. The simulation for flash and flashless forgings are applied axisy mmetric and plane-strain closed-die forging with rib-web type cavity. Inverse triangular and inverse trapezoidal elements are used to analyze flashless forging. The analysis is described for merit of flashless precision forging. Experiments have been carried out with pure plasticine billets at room temperature. Theoretical predictions of the forging load and the flow pattern are in good agreement with experimental results.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.110-116
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• 1999

A new KAVF(kinematically-admissible velocity field) is proposed to determine the forming load, the average extruded length and the flow pattern is the extrusion/forging process of polygonal headed bars. Experiments are carried out with lead billets at room temperature using regular polygonal shaped punches. The theoretical predictions of the forming load and the average extruded length are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.96-103
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• 1999

A kinematically admissible velocity field is derived to analyze the forming load and the extruded length in the extrusion/forging process of trochoidally headed bars from round billets. The forming load and the extruded length are obtained by minimizing the total energy-consumption rate. Experiments are carried out with lead billets at room temperature using trochoidally shaped punches. The theoretical predictions of forming load and extruded length are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2000

In process of tube spinning far shock absorber on vehicles, the selection of feed rate and rounding radius of forming roller and revolution speed of tube and forming roller, forming gap between die and forming roller are very important factors to obtain the optimal process result. In this paper, rigid-plastic FEM and UBET analysis are applied to verify effect of each factors by forming load. We can obtain the optimal conditions to prevent defects during processing.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.598-603
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• 2001

For metal forming analysis, upper-bound solution is practical method because the solution is overestimated. It is limited to determine stresses on tools by using upper-bound solution. In this study, new scheme to calculate stresses on tools based on upper bound solution is proposed. To verify the proposed scheme, plane strain drawing has been considered. The stresses on tools obtained by the proposed scheme are compared with results of rigid plastic FEM. And the stresses on tools have been determined by the proposed scheme in the forging within plane strain deformation.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.232-235
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• 1995

A side-extrusion model, meant for deeper understanding of the material flow in the CONFORM (continuous extrusion forming) of trub shaped aluminum profiles is presented. In order to get the desirded straight shape of the extrudate,every part of its cross-section must exit the die with the same velocity. Problem is assumed by plane strain UBET-model to analyze it in a simplified way. This has been done by studying the side-extrusion through a two -hole die face. The flow is balanced by determining the optimum lengths of the bearing lands, i.e., those lengths which result in equal exit velocities of the extrudates. Furthermore, the material flow, as influenced by the punch velocity, has been investigated.