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Case Study concerning the Application of the U.S. Antidumping Law (미국반덤핑법의 적용에 관한 사례연구)

  • Ha, Choong-Lyong;Han, Na-Hee
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.143-162
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    • 2008
  • The Title 19 of the U.S. Code covers custom duties and is the heart of international trade regulation in the U.S.. Among the provisions in Title 19, is Chapter 4, the Tariff Act of 1930. Under U.S. Antidumping duty law, dumping occurs when `subject merchandise' is imported into the U.S. and sold at less than `fair value.' The administration of U.S. Antidumping duty law is shared between the Department of Commerce('Commerce') and International Trade Commission('USITC'). The U.S. Court of International Trade ("CIT") and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ("CAFC") decided the review of antidumping duty ("AD") determinations and administrative review results issued by the Commerce and the USITC, as well as the review of countervailing duty ("CVD") decisions. In Eurodif S.A. v. United States, the CAFC considered the important issue of whether the antidumping and countervailing duty laws apply to sales and purchases of services--in this case, the sale or purchase of enrichment services. Although the federal courts had considered the issue of whether a sale of enrichment services constitutes a sale of goods, the issue had never arisen in the context of the antidumping and countervailing duty laws. Also this is the first time that the Supreme Court has ever agreed to consider an antidumping case.

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Study concerning the Scope of Merchandise under the U.S. Antidumping Law through Case (사례를 통한 미반덤핑법상 상품의 범위에 관한 연구)

  • Ha, Choong-Lyong;Han, Na-Hee
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.265-286
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    • 2009
  • Dumping describes the practice of international price discrimination whereby a producer or exporter sells merchandise in an export market at less than fair value. The U.S. antidumping statutory framework is embodied in the Tariff Act of 1930. The Act states that "dumping" refers to the sale or likely sale of goods at less than fair value. 19 U.S.C. $\S$ 1677(34). The Commerce Department and the Commission are jointly responsible for administering the antidumping law. Commerce determines whether foreign merchandise is being sold in the United States at less than fair value, and the Commission determines whether a domestic industry producing a product like the imported merchandise has been materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of imports of that product. Recently, in U.S. v. Eurodif, the Supreme Court held the question whether the Commerce can reasonably determin that foreign merchandise has been sold within the meaning of the antidumping law in U.S.. Should 19 U.S.C. Section 1673, which calls for "antidumping" duties on foreign goods, but not services, that sell at less than fair value in the U.S., apply to imported low enriched uranium? Yes. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice David H. Souter, the Supreme Court held that the Commerce Department's view of imported low enriched uranium, as the sale of goods rather than services, was permissible. It reasoned that, since 19 U.S.C. Section 1673 did not specify whether it applied to the production of low enriched uranium, it was left to the reasonable interpretation of the Commerce Department to determine. Accordingly, the Court found the Commerce Department interpreted the statute reasonably.

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인터뷰 - T$\ddot{U}$V S$\ddot{U}$D Korea/라이너 블록 Reiner Block 대표이사

  • 한국원자력산업회의
    • Nuclear industry
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    • v.29 no.7
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    • pp.58-60
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    • 2009
  • 시험 검사 인증 기술 컨설팅 분야의 세계적인 서비스 기업인 T$\ddot{U}$V S$\ddot{U}$D 그룹의 한국 법인인 T$\ddot{U}$V S$\ddot{U}$D Korea가 최근 원자력 기기 및 시스템 설계 엔지니어링 기업인 (주)GNEC를 인수, 합병하면서 국내 원자력 시장에 성큼 진출하는 한편 우리나라 원자력사업의 해외 시장 진출을 적극적으로 도울 계획을 세우고 있다. 라이너 블록 사장은 GNEC 인수 후 기자회견을 통해 "원자력 기기 및 설계, 교육 및 엔지니어링 서비스 등 관련 기술 지원에 앞장서 국내 에너지 산업의 활성화에 앞장서는 것을 물론 국내 원자력 산업의 해외 진출을 지원하면서 중국, 인도 및 중국 등 아시아 시장에 적극 진출할 것" 이라고 말하고 "원전 관련 기술을 갖고 있는 다른 기업에 대해서도 향후 인수 합병(M&A)에 나설 계획"이라고 밝혔다. T$\ddot{U}$V S$\ddot{U}$D Korea가 GNEC 인수를 마무리한 시점인 지난 10월 19일, 한강이 내려다보이는 여의도 대한생명 63빌딩 12층 T$\ddot{U}$V S$\ddot{U}$D Korea 사장실에서 라이너 블록 사장을 만났다. 인터뷰 자리에는 이번 GNEC 합병에 큰 역할을 한 김두일 T$\ddot{U}$V S$\ddot{U}$D 고문이 배석하여 인터뷰를 도왔다.

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Analysis of Japanese Demand for Alaska Groundfish

  • Dae-Kyum Kim
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.75-87
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    • 1985
  • In 1977, the United States enacted the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA), which established U.S. Fisheries Conservation Zone (FCZ). The MFCMA grants preference to U.S. harvesters over foreign fleets in the U.S. FCZ. At present, the large stocks of groundfish in the U.S. FCZ off the Alaska coast have been under-utilized in the U.S. domestic market and the fisheries for these groundfish are dominated by foreign fleets. Hence, expected benefits from replacing foreign fisheries by domestic fleets will accrue to the U.S. fishery only by exporting the increased U.S. products to foreign countries. U.S. exports may be dependent on the price levels in the foreign markets raised by the reduced foreign catch from U,S. waters. In this paper, Japanese demand models for Alaska groundfish were estimated. The derived coefficient from the estimated models suggest that a decrease in the Japanese landings from the U.S. FCZ by a thousand metric tons will increase pollock price by 0.017 Yen/kg, cod price by 0.351 Yen/kg, flatfish by 1.074 Yen/kg, and ocean perch by 1.347 Yen/kg in the Japanese market. These results based on percentage would increase 19 percent for pollock price, 11 percent for cod price, 40 percent for flatfish, and 2 percent for ocean perch price.

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A Comparative Study of College Courses for Home Economics Education between Korea and U.S.A. (한국과 미국 대학의 가정교육과 교과목 비교 연구)

  • 임일영;윤인경
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.107-122
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze subject matters opened on Dept of Home Economics Education in Korea and U.S.A. For this study, 17 undergraduate catalog and college course guidelines of Korea and the 15 undergraduate catalog and course guidelines of U.S.A. were collected. Collected materials were compared and analyzed. For this comparision and analysis, classified the subject matters as three steps based on these data. Collected data were analyzed by arithmetic mean, percentage, frequency. The conclusions are as followings ; 1. The number of the Home Economics Education relative subject matters opened in Korea is 10% below, and U.S.A.'s is 20~30%. The ratio of U.S.A. is higher than that of Korea. 2. The domain of clothes & textiles and foods and nutrition is 50% in Korea, So, There is unbalance in Korea. 3. U.S.A. oftened various names of subject matters by characteristics more than in Korea.

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High-pressure NMR analysis on Escherichia coli IscU

  • Jongbum Na;Jinbeom Si;Jin Hae Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2024
  • IscU, the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster scaffold protein, is an essential protein for biogenesis of Fe-S clusters. Previous studies showed that IscU manifests a metamorphic structural feature; at least two structural states, namely the structured state (S-state) and the disordered state (D-state), interconverting in a physiological condition, was observed. Moreover, subsequent studies demonstrated that the metamorphic flexibility of IscU is important for its Fe-S cluster assembly activity as well as for an efficient interaction with various partner proteins. Although solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been a useful tool to investigate this protein, the detailed molecular mechanism that sustains the structural heterogeneity of IscU is still unclear. To tackle this issue, we applied a high-pressure NMR (HP-NMR) technique to the IscU variant, IscU(I8K), which shows an increased population of the S-state. We found that the equilibrium between the S- and D-state was significantly perturbed by pressure application, and the specific regions of IscU exhibited more sensitivity to pressure than the other regions. Our results provide novel insights to appreciate the dynamic behaviors of IscU and the related versatile functionality.

A Modular U.P.S Design with Multiple Interphase Reactor and Double PLL Control (다중인터페이스 리액터와 Double PLL제어를 이용한 Modular U.P.S 설계)

  • Park In-Duck;Jeung Sang-Sik;Kim Si-Kyung
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2001.07a
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    • pp.506-509
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    • 2001
  • A high power U.P.S system utilizing the parallel connection of low power U.P.S is developed. For the purpose of elimination the circular current between U.P.S.s, a digital circuit is employed. Furthermore a double phase synchronization and an interphase reactor are used to eliminate the circular current and the voltage ripples caused by the system parameter unbalances of parall connected U.P.S.s. The digital controller is implemented with ADSP21061 as aspect of a functional convenience.

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Phytosociological Studies on the Beech(Fagus multinervis Nakai) Forest and the Pine (Pinus parviflora S. et Z.) Forest of Ulreung Island, Korea (한국 울릉도의 너도밤나무(Fagus multinervis Nakai)림 및 섬잣나무(Pinus parviflora S. et Z.)림의 식물사회학적 연구)

  • 김성덕
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.53-65
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    • 1986
  • The montane forests of Ulreung Island, Korea, were investigated by the ZM school method. By comparing the montane forests of this island with those of Korean Peninsula and of Japan, a new order, F a g e t a l i a m u l t i n e r v i s, a new alliance, F a l g i o n m u l t i n e r v i s, a new association, H e p a t i c o-F a g e t u m m u l t i n e r v i s and Rhododendron brachycarpum-Pinus parviflora community were recognized. The H e p a t i c o - F a g e t u m m u l t i n e r v i s was further subdivided into four subassociations; Subass. of Sasa kurilensis, Subass. of Rumohra standishii, Subass. of Rhododendron brachycarpum and Subass. of typicum. Each community was described in terms of floristic, structural and environmental features.

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Analysis on the Problems of U.S.-Korea Air Services Agreement and Recommend Action for its Improvement- (한.미항공협정(韓.美航空協定)의 문제점(問題點)과 개선방향(改善方向))

  • Hong, Soon-Kil
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.1
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    • pp.125-146
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    • 1989
  • This paper is examine the problems of U.S.-Korea Air Service Agreement and recommend some directions for its improvement under the rapidly changing circumstance and growing importance of Korean penisula. Since the provisional agreement of 1949, U.S. -Korea Air Service Agreement has consistently been favorable to U.S. side. Fair and equal opportunity is the principle and basis of the bilateral air agreement. Notwithstanding such principle, it is only the U.S. carriers who can freely enter into any market, under the discretion of business strategy, while Korean carrier can serve only three points including Honolulu. In an effort to recitify such serious imbalance, Korea continuousely requested additional rights and has given utmost efforts to accommodate requests made by U.S. carries without much success. When we review aviation market between Korea and U.S. under the present agreement, Korea is fully open to U.S. carries as they can connect from any or all points in the U.S. via any or all points in Korea and all points beyond Korea. Increased number of U.S. carriers are enjoying greater utilization of the opportunity accorded them. Four(4) U.S. carries now operate to Korea using thirteen(13) gateway points and about one hundred fifty(150) on-line points in the U.S. such imbalance can be well understood when we review the exchange of traffic rights between the U.S. and the Pacific rim countries. During the yeras following the 1978 agreement with Korea, the U.S. proceeded to sign liberal agreements with Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and the Phillipines. In exchange, the U.S. granted the four Pacific rim countries substantially greater rights than were granted to Korea, although Korea was the first Asian nation to sign a pro-competitive aviation agreement which granted U.S. carriers unrestricted market access and pricing flexibility. Moreover, Korea ranks the 2nd trading and tourist partner to the U.S. among the Pacific rim countries (Japan is the largest partner to the U.S. in terms of both trade and tourist market). In this paper such problems in the Korea-U.S. Air Services Agreement are analyzed in terms of historical perspective, U.S. Aviation policy, imbalance status in detail cases, discrimination to Korea comparing to other Asian countries, and theoretical application. And further it discusses current aviation issues between Korea and U.S. such as the ratification of 1980 MOU and various doing business issues of U.S. carriers in Korea. Finally, this paper concludes the analysis and suggests some directions to improve and rectify the problems and imbalance of U.S.-Korea Air Services Agreement in question.

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ON UNIFORMLY S-ABSOLUTELY PURE MODULES

  • Xiaolei Zhang
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.60 no.3
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    • pp.521-536
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    • 2023
  • Let R be a commutative ring with identity and S a multiplicative subset of R. In this paper, we introduce and study the notions of u-S-pure u-S-exact sequences and uniformly S-absolutely pure modules which extend the classical notions of pure exact sequences and absolutely pure modules. And then we characterize uniformly S-von Neumann regular rings and uniformly S-Noetherian rings using uniformly S-absolutely pure modules.