• Title/Summary/Keyword: U.S. Navy

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U.S Navy's Distributed Lethality Concept and Its Implications for East Asian Security (미 해군의 전력분산의 치명성이 동아시아 안보에 주는 함의)

  • Moon, Changhwan
    • Strategy21
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    • s.44
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    • pp.79-102
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    • 2018
  • 2015년 미 해군에서 발간한 미 수상함대전략(Surface Force Strategy)에 따르면, 미 해군은 반접근-지역거부(Anti-Acess and Anti-Denial, A2/AD) 전략에 대한 대응책으로 '분산된 치명성(Distributed Lethality, DL)'이라는 신 작전개념을 개발 중에 있다. 이 개념은 각 유닛(unit)의 공격력(offensive power)을 향상시키고 지리적으로 분산 시킴으로써(geographical dispersion) 생존성을 향상시키는데 목적을 두고 있다. 하지만 동맹국(한국/일본 등)이 '분산된 치명성(DL)' 개념에 기여할 수 있는 영역이 다양함에도 불구하고, 지금까지 미 해군 내에서는 동맹국과 어떻게 공조해야 할 것인가에 대한 논의가 부족한 것이 사실이다. 따라서, 미 해군은 향후 '분산된 치명성(DL)' 이라는 작전개념에 동맹국이 줄 수 있는 이점을 추가적으로 적용하는 '동맹국을 활용한 분산된 치명성(Distributed Lethality with Allies, DL+A)' 개념을 발전시켜야 할 것이다. '동맹국을 활용한 분산된 치명성(DL+A)' 개념이란 동맹국이 가지고 있는 전력, 시설, 플랫폼 등 가용자산을 최대한 활용하여 기존의 '분산된 치명성(DL)' 개념을 강화시키는 신 작전개념이다. 미 해군은 본 논문에서 제시하는 신 작전개념(DL+A)을 적용함으로써 다양한 영역(정찰, 군수, 지리적 요충지, 플랫폼)에서 동맹국으로부터 지원을 받을 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 동맹국은 미 해군의 신 작전개념을 적용함으로써 A2/AD 전략에 대비한 안보능력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

How to Neutralize China's Advanteges in a South China Sea Conflict for the U.S. Navy and Its Implications for Republic of Korea Navy (남중국해 분쟁 관련 미국 해군의 제한사항과 극복방안, 한국 해군에의 함의)

  • Kim, Tae-Sung
    • Strategy21
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    • s.46
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    • pp.277-303
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    • 2020
  • 2000년 이후 중국 해군은 빠르게 성장하고 있고 이러한 해군의 성장과 더불어 중국은 남중국해 내 도서를 군사기지화 하고 대함 미사일을 개발하고 있다. 이는 제1도련선 내 중국의 해양통제를 위한 노력으로써 인도-태평양 지역 내 미 해군 전력 및 기지에 심각한 위협으로 작용하여 미국의 해양 지배력을 약화시키는데 기여하고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해서 미국은 인도-태평양 지역내 동맹국과 파트너국들과 함께 시간, 공간, 전력(화력, 군수) 측면에서 작전개념을 발전시켜야 한다. 우선 시간적인 측면에서 중국의 위협에 신속하게 대응하기 위해서 인도-태평양 지역내 국가들의 공중전력(UAVs)과 해상전력(Aegis ships)을 활용하여 대중 정보공유 체계를 강화시켜야 한다. 다음으로 공간적인 측면에서 중국의 위협으로터 인도-태평양 지역 내 미해군의 전력 및 기지를 보호하기 위해서 미 해군 전력을 일본과 호주로 분산 배치시키고 동맹국과 파트너국들의 이지스함, 잠수함 및 무인 수중전력을 적극 활용해야 한다. 전력 측면에서는 해상 기반 화력과 지상 기반 화력을 통합하여 화력의 치명성을 강화해야 하고 인도와의 협력 및 인도-태평양 지역내 함정 손상통제 시설의 확충을 통해서 해상 군수지원 능력을 발전시켜야 한다. 이러한 미 해군의 작전개념 발전 방향이 주는 한국 해군에의 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미·중간 남중국해 분쟁 발생시 중국의 미사일 위협으로부터 한국 내 위치하고 있는 한·미 해군 전력 보호를 위해 미사일 방어체계(이지스함, 사드 등)를 발전시켜야 한다. 둘째, 대중 감시·정찰 및 미 항공모함단 방호 전력으로 활용 가능한 한국형 원자력 잠수함을 개발해야 한다. 셋째, 미국 뿐만 아니라 인도-태평양 지역내 파트너 국가들을 포함하는 연합훈련을 확대·발전시킴으로써 남중국해내 중국의 해양통제 노력에 대응해야 한다. 넷째, 인명손실을 최소화하고 효율적으로 해군력을 현시할 수 있는 무인 수중·수상체계를 지속적으로 발전시켜 나가야 한다.

Exploring trends in U.N. Peacekeeping Activities in Korea through Topic Modeling and Social Network Analysis (토픽모델링과 사회연결망 분석을 통한 우리나라 유엔 평화유지활동 동향 탐색)

  • Donghyeon Jung;Chansong Kim;Kangmin Lee;Soeun Bae;Yeon Seo;Hyeonju Seol
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.246-262
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the major peacekeeping activities that the Korean armed forces has performed from the past to the present. To do this, we collected 692 press releases from the National Defense Daily over the past 20 years and performed topic modeling and social network analysis. As a result of topic modeling analysis, 112 major keywords and 8 topics were derived, and as a result of examining the Korean armed forces's peacekeeping activities based on the topics, 6 major activities and 2 related matters were identified. The six major activities were 'Northeast Asian defense cooperation', 'multinational force activities', 'civil operations', 'defense diplomacy', 'ceasefire monitoring group', and 'pro-Korean activities', and 'general troop deployment' related to troop deployment in general. Next, social network analysis was performed to examine the relationship between keywords and major keywords related to topic decision, and the keywords 'overseas', 'dispatch', and 'high level' were derived as key words in the network. This study is meaningful in that it first examined the topic of the Korean armed forces's peacekeeping activities over the past 20 years by applying big data techniques based on the National Defense Daily, an unstructured document. In addition, it is expected that the derived topics can be used as a basis for exploring the direction of development of Korea's peacekeeping activities in the future.

The Role of Operations Research/Systems Analysis in Defence Policy and Programming Decisions

  • Trost C.A.H
    • Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 1979
  • The very fact that so many of us are here to participate in this conference on Operations Research is an indicator of the importance we attach to this relatively new and still expanding field. All of us recognize that Operations Research techniques are especially useful tools in problem solving in business, Government and the military. A discussion of the role of Operations Research and the related field of Systems Analysis in national defense policy and programming decision processes seems especially appropriate at the opening session of this conference, As you know, Operations Research as an organized form of research first found application in the review of individual military weapons systems and their effectiveness just over forty years ago. From that relatively narrow beginning has evolved a discipline whose future exploitation and utility you will explore over the next several days. I plan to review very briefly the historical development of Operations Research and Systems Analysis as tools in the defense decision-making process. Then, I will give you an overview of their application to today's military and defense problem solving by discussing the use of these techniques at the headquarters level by the United States Navy, Obviously, in such a brief period, I cannot cover all applications, specific techniques, or all of the groups involved in such a complex process. A review of the historical development of Operations Research/Systems Analysts reveals that the use of the basic concepts of Operations Research is not new; it originated with the first attempts to use the scientific approach to solve problems. We are still seeking, through modern analysis, to answer the three questions posed by John Dewey in his examination of the problem solving process in 1910.'1 - What is the problem? - What are the alternatives? - Which alternative is best? As I noted earlier, Operations Research, as an organized form of research, began in Great Britain in the late 1930s with the review of individual weapons systems.

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Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES): Its Limitation and Recommendations for Improvement (해상에서의 우발적 조우 시 신호 규칙(CUES)의 제한점과 개선을 위한 제언)

  • Oh, Dongkeon
    • Strategy21
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    • s.44
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    • pp.323-351
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    • 2018
  • Adopted in Western Pacific Naval Symposium(WPNS) 2014, Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea(CUES) has been the most valuable output of WPNS history. Written and suggested by Australian Navy in 1999, the goal of CUES is to decrease the possibility of the naval conflict by establishing the code among international navies in the Western Pacific region. Facing many oppositions and requirement of People's Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) in WPNS 2012 and 2013, but it finally adopted in WPNS 2014, with many changes in detailed provisions. From then, navies in the Western Pacific region have followed CUES to prevent maritime conflicts in the region, CUES, however, sometimes does not work correctly. Contents of CUES is the mixture of the parts of Multinational Maritime Tactical Signal and Maneuvering Book(MTP) and International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea 1972(CORLEGs). There are means of radio communications such as frequency and signals, instructions for maneuvering and so on. Thus, it is not a new document for the U.S. Navy and its allies, but it requires training to implicate at sea for navies other than U.S. allies, like PLAN. Lots of provisions in CUES were changed because of the opposition of PLAN, and CUES has many shortcomings and practical limitations. First, since CUES is non-legally binding, and there are no methods to force the naval assets on the sea to follow. Second, CUES is only applied to naval assets; naval ships - warships, naval auxiliaries, and submarines - and naval aircraft. Third, the geographical scope in CUES is not clear. Fourth, there is no provision for submerged submarines. Finally, CUES has no time-based framework or roadmap for training. In this regard, there would be six recommendations for improvement. First, CUES should be reviewed by WPNS or other international institutions, while keeping non-binding status so that WPNS could send signals to the navies which do not answer CUES on the sea. Second, the participation of Maritime Law Enforcements(MLEs) such as coast guard is inevitable. Third, navies would use full text of MTP rather than current CUES, which extracts some parts of MTP. Fourth, CUES needs provisions with respect to submerged submarines, which recognizes as offensive weapons themselves. Fifth, the geographic scope of CUES should be clear. Since there are some countries in which claim that a rock with a concrete structure is their territory, CUES should be applied on every sea including EEZ and territorial seas. Finally, the detailed training plan is required to implicate CUES at sea. Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) is a good exercise to train CUES, because almost all WPNS member countries except six countries are participating in RIMPAC. CUES is a meaningful document not only for navies but also for nation-states in the region. To prevent escalation of conflict in the region, potentially caused by an unplanned collision at sea, CUES should be applied more strictly. CUES will continue to be in subsequent WPNS and therefore continue to improve in the effectiveness as both an operational and diplomatic agreement.

A Study on the Improvement of Operation Performance of Wet Bell Diving System in the Salvage Ship (구조함정 Wet Bell Diving System 운용성능 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Woo-Suk;Chang, Ho-Seong
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.7
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    • pp.176-183
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    • 2020
  • A ship has three types of diving systems (Diver Stage Diving, Wet Bell Diving and Scuba Diving) to carry out a search-and-rescue operation. To reduce the possibility of decompression sickness, any diving systems shall comply with the decompression procedure according to the decompression table corresponding to the diving depth and diving time. The decompression procedure is largely divided into two methods: underwater decompression and underwater-onboard decompression. In particular, the surface interval shall not exceed 5 minutes, which is the phase from underwater decompression to underwater-onboard decompression, in accordance with the U.S Navy Diving Manual. However, the surface interval is greater than 5 minutes as a result of using Wet Bell Diving. This paper describes the result of cause analysis and measurement with improved Wet Bell Diving. Using improved Wet Bell Diving reduced the surface interval to less than 5 minutes. The result of the research can be used for operation and improving the performance of diving systems.

A Study on the Optimum Structural Design of Naval Vessels (함정의 최적 구조 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Seung-Il Seo;Keon-Ho Son;Myung-Kyu Park
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.100-112
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    • 2002
  • Naval vessels are not regulated by the class rules, but by the special regulations. This study introduces the concept and characteristics of the regulations of U.S. Navy which has been the most reliable standards in design of naval vessels in Korea, and intends to help designers to comprehend the effect of each regulation on design results. Also, an optimum structural design method combined with the structural analysis theory is proposed for naval vessels following the regulations of U.S. Navy and is applied to the design of a naval vessel. After application of the optimum design method, its validity is shown and an optimum design of midship section is obtained. In addition, the optimum spaces or longitudinals and transverse web frames are found and the effect of main design variables can be investigated.

Feasibility Study on High Speed Craft Considering Environment in South Korea (우리나라 운항환경을 고려한 소형 고속정의 타당성 분석)

  • Lee, Soon-Sup;Kang, Dong-Hoon;Shin, Sung-Chul
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2011
  • The Korea navy has a vital national interest in maritime security. The national strategy for maritime security focuses on preventing terrorism, crime, and hostile acts in the maritime domain. This requires the development of high speed crafts for maritime security in the South Korea domain. This paper reviews the state of the art on the development of high speed craft internationally, including efforts by the U.S. navy, and analyses the riverine environment to operate high speed crafts in South Korea. This paper makes specific proposals for high speed craft such as their main dimensions, speed, endurance, hull structure material, propulsion system, and general arrangement and 3D shape. This paper was used in the generation of basic resources for future ROC (requirement of capability) of high speed crafts using an engineering methodology.

From the Sea to Post-Modern Navy as a Future Korean Maritime Strategy based on the Russo-Japanese War case study (러일전쟁에서 본 한국해군의 발전방향)

  • Lim, Jong-Su;Baek, Byung-Sun
    • Strategy21
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    • s.30
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    • pp.286-311
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    • 2012
  • 한국은 세계 유일의 분단국가로서 대륙으로는 북한과 대치 중에 있으며, 해양으로는 세계 강대국인 중국, 일본, 러시아 등에 의해서 둘러 쌓여 있다. 이러한 안보환경에서 최근 북한은 김정은 후계세습을 위해 천안함 피격사건과 연평도 포격도발 사건을 감행하였으며, 이러한 북한의 도발위협은 김정일 사후 지속되고 있다. 그러나 한국은 북한이라는 현존 위협에 대비함과 동시에 주변국으로 상정할 수 있는 잠재적 위협에도 대비해야 한다. 특히 잠재적 위협의 경우 해상에서 한국과 국가이익이 상충되고 있으며, 이들 모두 한국보다 강한 해군력을 보유하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 최근 들어 해군력을 강화하고 있다. 따라서 최근의 안보정세는 한국해군이 향후 어떠한 해양전략을 추구해야 하는지에 대한 재정립을 요구하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 한국의 잠재적 위협인 러시아와 일본 간에 발생한 러일전쟁을 통해 미래 위협에 대비한 최정예해군(Post modern navy)으로 도약하기 위한 한국해군의 발전방향을 도출하고, 이를 달성하기 위한 4가지 핵심개념을 제시하였다. 구체적으로 이는 최정예해군으로서 해양통제와 거부를 균형적으로 갖추고, 원정작전 수행능력을 보유하며, 해양경찰과 결속력이 있는 유대관계를 형성 및 북한의 비대칭전력에 대한 대응능력을 갖춘 해군이라고 설명할 수 있다. 결국 한국해군은 대륙세력인 북한의 위협에 대비하고 동시에 미래 잠재적 위협에 대비함과 동시에 해양에서의 국가이익을 보호해야 한다고 할 수 있다. 한국은 해양국가이다. 한국은 결코 바다를 포기할 수 없으며, 한국해군이 추구하는 해양전략은 국가의 운명을 결정짓는다고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 이러한 측면에서 본 논문은 향후 한국해군이 어떠한 해양전략을 추구해야 하는지에 대해 하나의 방향을 제시하고 있다.

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Study on Development of Korean Unmanned Systems through Analysis of U.S. Unmanned Systems Policy (미국의 무인체계 정책 분석을 통한 한국의 무인체계 발전에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Dongseon;Oh, Kyungwon
    • Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2021
  • This study presents a method to efficiently advance the Republic of Korea's Unmanned Systems through the analysis of the development of the U.S. Unmanned System Policy. After the occurrence of the September 11 attacks, the U.S. developed Unmanned Systems as a part of RMA and became the leader in this area. The system went through numerous trials and errors during the development and acquisition. From these experiences, the U.S. had embodied Unmanned Systems acquisition methods by establishing Unmanned Systems Development Guidance and DoD Autonomy Community of Interest in 2012. In addition, as diverse unmanned programs started to proceed, it promoted Core Technology development sharing and simplification of functions of the Unmanned Systems to exclude budget-wasting elements such as duplication of programs. The Republic of Korea must politically build a collaborative system between industry/academia/research institute/military and apply evolutionary development strategies from the first step of the development of the Unmanned Systems the future Game Changer. In operations, concepts of the Manned/Unmanned Systems complex operation should be established and intelligent S/W, Open System, and Cyber Security technologies to materialize them developed.