DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

How to Neutralize China's Advanteges in a South China Sea Conflict for the U.S. Navy and Its Implications for Republic of Korea Navy

남중국해 분쟁 관련 미국 해군의 제한사항과 극복방안, 한국 해군에의 함의

  • Received : 2020.01.09
  • Accepted : 2020.01.30
  • Published : 2020.02.28

Abstract

2000년 이후 중국 해군은 빠르게 성장하고 있고 이러한 해군의 성장과 더불어 중국은 남중국해 내 도서를 군사기지화 하고 대함 미사일을 개발하고 있다. 이는 제1도련선 내 중국의 해양통제를 위한 노력으로써 인도-태평양 지역 내 미 해군 전력 및 기지에 심각한 위협으로 작용하여 미국의 해양 지배력을 약화시키는데 기여하고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해서 미국은 인도-태평양 지역내 동맹국과 파트너국들과 함께 시간, 공간, 전력(화력, 군수) 측면에서 작전개념을 발전시켜야 한다. 우선 시간적인 측면에서 중국의 위협에 신속하게 대응하기 위해서 인도-태평양 지역내 국가들의 공중전력(UAVs)과 해상전력(Aegis ships)을 활용하여 대중 정보공유 체계를 강화시켜야 한다. 다음으로 공간적인 측면에서 중국의 위협으로터 인도-태평양 지역 내 미해군의 전력 및 기지를 보호하기 위해서 미 해군 전력을 일본과 호주로 분산 배치시키고 동맹국과 파트너국들의 이지스함, 잠수함 및 무인 수중전력을 적극 활용해야 한다. 전력 측면에서는 해상 기반 화력과 지상 기반 화력을 통합하여 화력의 치명성을 강화해야 하고 인도와의 협력 및 인도-태평양 지역내 함정 손상통제 시설의 확충을 통해서 해상 군수지원 능력을 발전시켜야 한다. 이러한 미 해군의 작전개념 발전 방향이 주는 한국 해군에의 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미·중간 남중국해 분쟁 발생시 중국의 미사일 위협으로부터 한국 내 위치하고 있는 한·미 해군 전력 보호를 위해 미사일 방어체계(이지스함, 사드 등)를 발전시켜야 한다. 둘째, 대중 감시·정찰 및 미 항공모함단 방호 전력으로 활용 가능한 한국형 원자력 잠수함을 개발해야 한다. 셋째, 미국 뿐만 아니라 인도-태평양 지역내 파트너 국가들을 포함하는 연합훈련을 확대·발전시킴으로써 남중국해내 중국의 해양통제 노력에 대응해야 한다. 넷째, 인명손실을 최소화하고 효율적으로 해군력을 현시할 수 있는 무인 수중·수상체계를 지속적으로 발전시켜 나가야 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Sun Tzu. (1963.) The Art of War. Trans. Samuel B. Griffith (Oxford: Oxford University Press). p.77.
  2. Vego, Milan N. (2003.). Naval Strategy and Operations in Narrow Seas (New York: Frank Cass Publishers). p.63.
  3. Vego, Milan N. (2009.). Joint Operational Warfare: Theory and Practice (Newport, RI: Naval War College. Reprint). pp. III-7, 29, 33.
  4. Till. Geoffrey.(1984.). Maritime Strategy and The Nuclear Age (London: Macmilan Press). pp.194-195.
  5. Abbott. Rich. (2018. 6. 27.). "Australia Puts $1B Toward Unmanned ISR With Six MQ-4C Tritons." Aviationtoday.
  6. Bateman, Sam. (2018. 6. 5.). "China's latest moves to control the South China Sea." East Asia Forum.
  7. Cedros. Christopher. (2017. 2. 15.). "Distributed Lethality and the Importance of Ship Repair." Real Clear Defense.
  8. Chatzky. Andrew. and McBride. James. (2019. 5. 21.) "China's Massive Belt and Road Initiative," Council on Foreign Relations.
  9. Chen. S. (2010.). China's Self-Extrication from the Malacca Dilemma and Implications. International Journal of China Studies, Vol 1:1, p. 2.
  10. Denmark. Abraham. (2018. 10. 25.). "Exiting the Russia nuclear treaty impact military strategy in Asia." The Hill.
  11. Deptula. Dave. (2018. 11. 5.). "Whether The U.S. Scraps The INF Or Stays In, China Must Be Checked." Forbes.
  12. Dolven, Ben. (2015. 6. 18.). "Chinese Land Reclamation in the South China Sea: Implications and Policy Options." CRS REPORT. pp. 9-12.
  13. Dome. Amo Rojkes. (2018. 8. 24.). "Report: Elbit sold Hermes 450 UAVs to the Philippines." ISRAEL DEFENSE.
  14. Fanell, James E. (2019.). China's global naval strategy and expanding force structure. Naval War College Review. Vol.72. No. 1. p.16.
  15. Fish. Tim. (2018. 11. 23.). "Australia, U.S. Set to Expand Papua New Guinea Naval Base." USNI News.
  16. Gady. Franz-Stefan. (2016. 9. 15.). "Distributed Lethality at Work: Combining the F-35 and Aegis Missile Defense." The Diplomat.
  17. Gady. Franz-Stefan. (2018. 12. 19.). "Japan set to Become World's second largest Operator of F-35 Stealth Fighters." The Diplomat.
  18. Gady. Franz-Stefan. (2019. 5. 2.). "South Korea Approves Construction of New Destroyers and Submarines." The Diplomat.
  19. Gaydos, Ryan. (2018. 10. 29.). "China's Xi Jinping tells military advisers overseeing South China Sea to prepare for fighting a war." Fox News.
  20. Globalsecurity.org, "Over-the-Horizon Backscatter Radar (OTH-B)." https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/china /oth-b.htm.
  21. Grevatt. Jon. (2018. 6. 26.). "Bangkok, Thailand expands ties with Israel through UAV acquisition." Jane's 360.
  22. Hammond. Wes. (2017. 5. 15.). "Fleet Maintenance and Sustainment for Naval Maneuver Warfare More Than Ship Salvage and Battle Damage Repair." The Strategy Bridge.
  23. Harkins. Gina. (2019. 2. 15.). "China's Antics in South China Sea Could Change Deployments for US Troops." Military.com.
  24. Harris JR., Harry B. (2017. 4. 26.). "Statement of admiral Harry B. Harris JR., U.S. Navy Commander, U.S. Pacific Command before the House Appropriations Committee - Defense Subcommittee On U.S. Pacific Command Posture."
  25. Heginbotham. Eric. (2015.). "The U.S.-CHINA Military Scorecard: Forces, Geography, and the Evolving Balance of Power 1996-2017." RAND Corporation. pp.51-52.
  26. Harkins. Gina. (2019. 2. 15.). "A Navy Ship Sailed to Hawaii and Back with No One on Board." Military.com.
  27. Keck, Zachary. (2017. 7. 29.). "Missile Strike on U.S. Bases in Asia: Is This China's Real Threat to America? The National Interest.
  28. Kristin, (2018. 10. 27.). "Prepare for war, Xi Jinping tells military region that monitors South China Sea, Taiwan." South China Morning Post.
  29. Lendon, Brad. (2018. 10. 4.). "Photos show how close Chinese warship came to colliding with US destroyer." CNN.
  30. Manyard. Roger. (2019. 7. 30.). "US plans new naval base in Australia to thwart Chinese," The Times.
  31. Mizokami. Kyle. (2019. 2. 14.). "The Navy Just Ordered the 'Orca,' an Extra-Large Unmanned Submarine by Boeing." Popular Mechanics.
  32. Majumdar. Dave. (2018. 12. 13.). "Death Match: Navy Aircraft Carriers vs. China's Carrier-killer missiles (Who Wins?)." The National Interest.
  33. Miglani. Sanjeev. (2019. 1. 25.). "India's navy has opened a new, strategically located base to keep an eye on China's increasingly active ships and subs." Reuter.
  34. Office of The Secretary of Defense. (2019.). "2019 Missle Defense Review." p.19.
  35. O'Rourke, Ronald. (2019. 1. 31.). "China's Actions in South and East China Seas: Implications for U.S. Interests-Background and Issues for Congress." CRS REPORT. pp.15-16.
  36. Osborn, Kris. (2016. 12. 9.). "Navy Strengthens Ship-Based Electronic Warfare." Defense Systems.
  37. Panda. Ankit. (2019. 3. 14.). "After the INF Treaty: US Plans First Tests of New Short and Intermediate-Range Missiles." The Diplomat.
  38. Raja. Pradeep. (2019.). The Great Wall of Andaman and Nicobar Islands - US INDOPACOM gateway to IOR. Joint Maritime Operation Essay of Naval War College.
  39. Rogoway. Tyler. (2017. 12. 26.). "Japan And South Korea Eye F-35B For Their Helicopter Carriers," The Drive.
  40. Ross, Robert. (2018. 11. 18.). "The end of U.S. Naval Dominance in Asia." Lawfare.
  41. Rowden. Thomas. (2015. 1.). Distributed Lethality. Proceeding Magazine. U.S. Naval Institute. Vol.141.
  42. Scott. Jason. (2018. 6. 17.). "China's Pacific Islands Push Has the U.S. Worried." Bloomberg.
  43. Shugart, Thomas. (2017. 2. 6.). "Has China Been Practicing Preemtive Missile Strikes Against U.S. Bases? War on The Rocks.
  44. The U.S. navy Fact File. (2019. 2. 6.). "Fact File: F-35C Lightning II." The U.S. navy.
  45. Torelli. Andrew. (2013. 5.). "US Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconaissance challenges in the Asia-Pacific," Royal Australian Air Force Air Power Development Centre. pp.12-17.
  46. Trevithick. Joseph. (2019. 1. 10.). "China Wants U.S. To Know Its Ships In S.China Sea Can Be Targeted By Long Range Ballistic missiles." The War Zone.
  47. Truver. Scott C. (2016. 6. 10.). "Opinion: Expanding the Distributed Lethality Web." USNI NEWS.
  48. Underwood, Kimberly. (2018. 8. 13.). "China Advances Signals Intelligence" Signal.
  49. GlobalSecurity.org. "Unmanned Maritime Vehicle (UMV)." https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/umv.htm
  50. U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency. (2019.). "China Military Power: Modernizing a Force to Fight and Win." p.91.
  51. U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency. (2019.). "China Military Power: Modernizing a Force to Fight and Win." P.91.
  52. Wakim. Elee. (2016. 8. 29.). "Beans, Bullets, and Benzene: A Proposal For Distributing Logistics." Center for International Maritime Security.
  53. Werner. Ben. (2017. 12. 21.). "Australian Destroyer Will be First Foreign Warship to Install Raytheon's Cooperative Engagement Capability", USNI News.
  54. Yeo. Mike. (2019. 6. 5.). "These US partners in the Asia-Pacific are to receive ScanEagle drones." Defense News.
  55. Ziezulewicz. Geoff and Larter. David. (2019. 5. 6.). "Twilight of the flattop," Navy Times.