• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1986

Prevention of thrombombolism after rosthetic cardiac valve replacement is essential for the patients. About 90% of patients are free of major and minor thromboembolic complications 5 year after replacement of cardiac valves with prosthetic devices when they are under control of anticoagulant therapy. Ticlopidine is a drug that alter platelet function to have an antithrombotic effect. It is an antiaggregating agent which inhibits primary platelet function to have an antithrombotic effect. It is an antiaggregating agent which inhibits primary platelet aggregation induced by ADP and increases the production of prostaglandin $D_{2}$. Aspirin in small doses inhibits platelet synthesis of prostaglandins by irreversibly blocking the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase. Platelet secretion and aggregation are impaired with Ticlopidine and Aspirin. the thromboembolic event sof 54 patient s who were treated with Ticlopidine and Aspirin after cardiac valve replacement were evaluated and compared with that of 79 patients who were treated with Wafarin and Aspirin after the same type of operation. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 110 months (mean of 48 months). there were 11 major thromboembolic episodes including three deaths in the warfarin goup during mean follow-up period of 56 months. two cases of CVA and one hemoarthrosis were noted due to overdose of Warfarin. Inticlopidine group, there was only one fatal thromboembolic epdisode three month after mitral valve replacement during mean follow-up period of 18 months. Two episodes of hypermenorrhea resulting anemia ere noted in the ticlopidine group. We measured the parameters of platelet function in aggreagation curve of platelet with platelet aggregometer (chrono-log Aggregometer, Model No. 430) Aggregation test was performed with three final concentrations of epinephrine in 10 uM/L, ADP in 5uM/L. 28 patients with prosthetic cardiac valves and 35 healthy volunteers were subgrouped as follows to analyze the effect of antithrombotic drugs used. Group I ; 11 patients treated with 250-500 mg of ticlopidine and 0.5gm of Aspirin as a daily single dose after cardiac valve replacement (14 St. Jude Medical and 1 Carpentier-Edwards, 9 patients with atrial fibrillation among them) Group II ; 10 patients treated with 3-5 mg of Warfarin and 0.75 gm of Aspirin daily to prolong prothrombin time around 20 seconds for more than 6 months and single Aspirin dose was maintained afterward as a life-long regimes(3 St. Jude Medical, 1 Hall-Kaster and 7 Carpentier-Edwards valve, 9 patients in atrial fibrilation). Group III ; 7 patients who quit anticoagulant treatment (Warfarin + Aspirin) 6-12 months after the regime as group II (3 St. Jude Medical. 1 bjork-Shiley, 1 Hall-Kaster, 3 Carpentier-Edwards valve, 2 of them are with atrial fibrillation). Group IV ; 35 healthy vounteers (28 males and 7 females). The following results were obtained. 1. The mean maximal platelet aggregability in Group I induced by 10uM/L epinephrine was 15.6%, and 17.5 and 18.7% in BM in proportion to the induction by 5 and 10 uM/L ADP. 2. The mean maximal platelet aggregability in Group II induced by 10uM/L epinephrine was 16.5%, and 27.4 and 44.7% in BM in proportion to the induction by 5 and 10uM/L ADP. 3. The mean maximal platelet aggregability in group III induced by 10uM/L epinephrine was 65%, and 56.5 and 51.8% in BM in proportion to the induction by 5 and 10 uM/L ADP. 4. The mean maximal platelet aggregability in the normal subjects induced by 10 uM/L epinephrine was 64%, and 65 and 69% in Bm inproportion to the induction by 5 and 10 uM/L ADP. 5. Reversible change of platelet aggregation curve induced by 5 and 10uM/L was noted all of the patients in Group I. conclusion : Ticlopidine is an antiaggregating agent which inhibits primary platelet aggregation induced by ADP, and increases the production of prostaglandin $D_{2}$. Ticlopidine and Aspirin produced a significant inhibition of platelet in the presence of ADP and epinephrine in our study. Acccording to our brief experience, 250 mg of ticlopidine and low dose of Aspirin resulted synergistic superior effect to each drug alone in prevention of thromboembolism after prosthetic cardiac valve replacement.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.80-83
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• 2011

Isotope ratio analysis of nuclear materials in individual particles is of great importance for nuclear safeguards. Although secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) are utilized for the analysis of individual uranium particles, few studies were conducted for the analysis of individual uranium-plutonium mixed oxide particles. In this study, we applied SIMS and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to the isotope ratio analysis of individual U-Pu mixed oxide particles. In the analysis of individual U-Pu particles prepared from mixed solution of uranium and plutonium standard reference materials, accurate $^{235}U/^{238}U$, $^{240}Pu/^{239}Pu$ and $^{242}Pu/^{239}Pu$ isotope ratios were obtained with both methods. However, accurate analysis of $^{241}Pu/^{239}Pu$ isotope ratio was impossible, due to the interference of the $^{241}Am$ peak to the $^{241}Pu$ peak. In addition, it was indicated that the interference of the $^{238}UH$ peak to the $^{239}Pu$ peak has a possibility to prevent accurate analysis of plutonium isotope ratios. These problems would be avoided by a combination of ICP-MS and chemical separation of uranium, plutonium and americium in individual U-Pu particles.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 1995

Let A be a symmetric positive definite Cartan matrix. As in [4], we denote by U the quantum group arising from A and $U_\lambda$ be the corresponding quantum group at a root of unity $\lambda$. In [4], Lusztig constructed irreducible highest weight $U_\lambda$-modules $L_\lambda(z)$ for $z \in Z^n$ and showed that $L_\lambda(z)$ is of finite dimension over C if and only if $z \in (Z^+)^n$.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2007

This study investigates the voice quality including F0, jitter, shimmer, and NHR for the children with cochlear implant (CI group) and those with normal hearing (NH group). The CI group was further classified two sub-groups depending upon the time of surgery (i.e. under four years vs. over four years). Three corner vowels (e.g. /a/, /i/, /u/) with extended vocalization were used and analyzed with Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (Kay Elemetrics, Model 4300). The statistics were made in two independent sample t-test with SPSS 11.5. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) The children with cochlear implanted before 4 years of age had very similar data with the NH group except for the vowel /a/. (2) The children with cochlear implanted after 4 years of age, however, indicated significant differences in Fo (/a/, /i/, /u/), Jitter (/e/), shimmer (/a/, /i/, /u/) and NHR(/a/) in all three vowels. It is concluded that the early CI surgery and the early intervention would be very important to maintain better voice quality.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2023

Objectives : Many people use natural soap instead of commercially available bar type general soap for skin care. They tend to prefer cp (cold process) type soaps that go through a sufficient maturation process in formulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PCPS (placenta cp soap). Methods : The researcher selected 36 subjects, 28 as the experimental group and 8 as the control group. I asked participants to wash their face twice a day in the morning and evening, and the period was set for 6 weeks. The researcher had the people who were selected as the control group use a commercially available foam cleanser, meanwhile the experimental group use PCPS. They performed a skin test before the start of the test, and the change status was continuously investigated after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after using the soap. Results : In the case of U zone oil and pores, there was a significant decrease and in the case of skin tone, there was a significant increase in the group of using PCPS. In T zone oil change, there was no significant effect in both the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion : In the case of PCPS, it is recommended to use it in the effect of reducing the size of pores and increasing skin tone, but it can reduce u-zone oil content.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

We characterize some basic properties of fuzzy topological groups and semigroups and show that under some conditions in a fuzzy topological group G, $x{\in}\bar{A}$ iff $x{\cap}AU$ for any fuzzy subset A of G and the system {U} of all fuzzy open neighborhoods of the identity e such that $U(e)=1$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1995

Two subgroups U and V of a finite group G are called to be p-conjugate for a prime p if a Sylow p-subgroup of U is conjugate to a Sylow p-subgroup of V. This concept of p-conjugacy also makes sense for some infinite groups with a reasonable Sylow theory.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.345-370
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• 1997

In this paper, we introduce the Fock representation $U^{F, M}$ of the Heisenberg group $H_R^(g, h)$ associated with a positive definite symmetric half-integral matrix $M$ of degree h and prove that $U^{F, M}$ is unitarily equivalent to the Schrodinger representation of index $M$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1025-1034
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• 2009

This study was carried out to examine the protective effect of Cultured Wild Ginseng(CWG) on the acute and subacute toxicities induced by doxorubicin(Doxo) in mice. Heart and liver weight was decreased following Doxo administration. In contrast, such a decrease was significantly attenuated by CWG administration. The value of serum CPK in Doxo group was increased compared with normal group. But the value of CWG group were decreased significantly compared with the values of Doxo group in the liver of the Doxo group, cloudy swelling of hepatic cells and narrowing of sinusoids were observed. Whereas in the CWG group, well oriented hepatic cell cords and sinusoids were observed. In the testis of the Doxo group, necrotic and degenerative changes of the seminiferous tubules, especially beneath testicular membrane were observed. But those lesions were alleviated in CWG group. Cross sectional area of testis and diameter of semineferous tubule were significantly increased in CWG group compared with Doxo group. Body weight was reduced in Doxo group compared with normal group. In contrast, such a decrease was significantly attenuated by CWG administration atwa5th day. Spermatogenetic cells in seminiferous tubules were necrotic and desquamated and the cellularity of seminiferous epithelia was reduced in Doxo group. But those lesions were attenuated by CWG administration. Cross sectional area of testis and diameter of seminiferous tubule were significantly increased in CWG group compared with Doxo group. In addition, the increase in lipid peroxidation(LPO) in testis was inaddition, the, iout such a increased was significantly inhibited in CWG group. BrdU labelled cells in the seminiferous tubules were remarkably decreased in Doxo group. Whereas the number of seminiferous tubules labelled with BrdU in spermatogonia was increased by CWG administration. The obtained results suggest that CWG has protective effect on doxorubicin-induced toxicity. This effect might be mediated through the supplementation of vital energy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of ethanol in ingested patients by analyzing data from a single institution's registry, Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 50 patients who has ingested drugs with/without ethanol came to emergency department from January 2004 to May 2004. Only patients over 18 years of age were included. Clinical characteristics, general and specific treatment, laboratory finding, complication, and clinical outcomes were obtained from protocol. Patients were divided into two groups: drug ingested with alcohol (ethanol group, n=18), and ingested without alcohol (non-ethanol group, n=32). Results: The age, the amout of ingestion, the time to treatment, the systolic blood pressure, the diastolic blood pressure and the shock duration were not different between two groups. The AST level with the ethanol group was higher than with the non-ethanol group ($230.94\pm518.88$ U/L vs $43.22\pm63.39$ U/L, p=0.002). The ALT level with the ethanol group was higher than with the non-ethanol group ($97.06\pm152.98$ U/L vs $32.75\pm43.10$ U/L, p=0.001). The lactic acid level with the ethanol group was higher than with the non-ethanol group ($7.40\pm6.33$ mmol/L vs $3.77\pm3.10$ mmol/L, p=0.001). The hospital stay duration and the admission rate were not different between two groups. Conlusions: The ethanol increased the levels of serum AST, ALT and lactic acid in intoxicated patients. But the ethanol dose not increase admission rate and duration of admission stay in intoxicated patients.