• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

This study was conducted, to understand floras and circumstances of Korean swamp inland. The floras of 7 swamp inland were 32 families, 49 genus and 69 species. They are accounted for 23% with 16 species of Cyteraceae, one group of annual herbaceous plants, and 6 groups of perennial herbaceous plants (Scirpus tabernaemontani, Phramites communis, Zizania latifolia, Persicaria thunvergiicsiebold, Typha latifolia, Juncus krameri, and Juncus effusus). The plants of Scirpus tabernaemontani, Phramites communis, Zizania latifolia, Persicaria thunvergiicsiebold, Typha latifolia, Juncus krameri, and Potagometon distinctus turnes out a dominant species.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.137-139
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• 1983

From the leaves of Typha latifolia, L. (Thyphaceae) isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and isorhammetin-3-O-neohesperidoside were isolated and characterized by chemical and spectral analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2006

Aquatic plants grow in water with photosynthesis and purify water quality as taking organic and inorganic matter in water. Polluted water in stagnant stream channel where nutritive salts load is great can be purified by activities of aquatic plants. Aquatic plants should be fixed to bed easily to plant and sustainable environment is needed. So in this study, Mattress/Filter system is suggested to plant aquatic plant in stagnant stream channel. In the result of study, coverage of Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia which planted in mattress was $78\%,\;62\%\;and\;82\%$ and numbers of species in each mattress system were 7, 11, 3. The evenness index of each mattress system was 0.86, 0.91 and 0.79 and diversity index of each mattress system was 1.67. 2.18 and 0.87. Removal rates of phosphorus at Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia which planted in mattress were $68.7\%,\;62.7\%,\;55.3\%$ and removal rates of nitrogen of them were $79.8\%,\;74.7\%,\;64.9\%$. The removal rate of nitrogen was greater than phosphorus at all system and both removal rates were greater at Phragmites australis than at Zirania latifolia and at Typha angustifolia the rate was the least. Removal rates of $PO_4^{-3},\;NH_4-N,\;NO_{3-}N$ at Phragmites australis were $57.4\%,\;52.8\%,\;47.8\%$ and at Zizania latifolia were $82.6\%,\;77.2\%,\;67.5\%$ and at Typha angustifolia were $80.6\%,\;73.7\%,\;64.3\%$. It seems that removal effect is great by the planted mattress system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.72-88
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• 2006

The optimal environmental ranges of the establishment phase for the distribution of Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia was determined to develop a set of basic data and criteria of planting substrate for the restoration, conservation and management of wetlands. The study was carried at 17 wetlands in the Kyunggi-do and Gyeongsangnam-do region where inland wetlands place intensively in June, 2005. Total 127 quadrats were sets in growing areas of Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia. $NO_3-N$, K, Ca, Mg and Na in the water variables and soil texture, LOI (loss on ignition), soil pH and soil conductivity in the soil variables were analyzed. The optimal range of water depth for the distribution of Zizania latifolia was -5~39cm, $NO_3-N$ content of water was <0.01~0.19ppm, K content of water was 0.1~5.9ppm, Ca content of water 0.5~44.9ppm, Mg content of water was 1.2~11.9ppm, Na content of water 3.4~29.9ppm, water conductivity was 48~450${\mu}S$/cm, respectively. The optimal range of LOI for the distribution of Zizania latifolia was 1.7~11.9%, soil conductivity was 25.5~149.9${\mu}S$/cm, respectively. The optimal range of water depth for the distribution of Typha angustifolia was -20~24cm, $NO_3-N$ content of water was <0.01~0.19ppm, K content of water was 0.2~2.9ppm, Ca content of water 0.6~19.9ppm, Mg content of water was 0.2~5.9ppm, Na content of water 3.5~19.9ppm, water conductivity was 96~450${\mu}S$/cm, respectively. The optimal range of LOI for the distribution of Typha angustifolia was 2.4~15.9%, soil conductivity was 17.6~149.9${\mu}S$/cm, respectively. The optimal soil texture were loam, silt loam and sandy loam in both species. The lower water depth (-20~40cm) is appropriate to increase biodiversity in both species dominated community and it is better to maintain water depth of 40~100cm for water purification. Both species appear frequently in the soil with high silt content.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2007

This study examined the decomposition of blades and culms of aquatic emergent plant species, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites communis and Typha angustata, and changes in nutrient contents during decomposition. Z. latifolia, P. communis and T. angustata were the most frequently occurring species in Lake Paldang of Han River, Korea. Experiments were carried out from July 27 to December 14, 2005 in Lake Paldang using the litter bag method. The remaining masses of blade litter of each species at the end of experimental period were 21.2% of initial dry weight in Z. latifolia, 32.5% in P. communis, and 44.7% in T. angustata. In addition, the remaining mass of culm was 22.6% of initial dry mass in Z. latifolia, 56.4% in P. communis, and 38.1% in T. angustata. During the litter decomposition period, P, K, Na, and Mg concentration decreased rapidly within 10 days, but Ca and Mg concentration declined slowly. K contents remained below 10% of initial values in all litter samples retrieved during decomposition, whereas Ca and Mg concentration remained above 40% and 50% during decomposition in all three species. Na, P and Mn contents in litter varied among species and plant parts. P concentration in culms of P. communis remained at about 60% of initial concentration throughout the study, but the remaining P content in culms of Z. latifolia was only 10% of the original value at the end of the study period. The Mn concentration in blades of P. communis increased about 15-fold relative to the initial content by the end of experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to generate systemic data for the aquatic plant distribution according to water depth and crossing slope in the shoreline. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Anxiety to 0 near area Bidens frondosa, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Carex dispalata etc. total class 21 observe, and Phragmites communis, Iris pseudoacorus etc. class 6 of anxiety 0-70cm extent examined. Class 21 of anxiety observed all such as Bidens frondosa, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Carex dispalata in near area to 0, and Phragmites communis, Iris pseudoacorus etc. class 6 of anxiety 0-70cm extent examined. Anxiety 70-100cm extent Nymphoides indica, Ttapa japonica etc.. class 2 appeared to line Zizania latifolia, Typha angustata back 2 papers, 130cm and examined that Nelumbo nucifera was limit anxiety state 230cm. 2. Aquatic plants of Phragmites communis, Zizania latifolia, Typha angustata etc. range mainly to gentle gradient of slant 10 degree low and distribution pattern was ranging by Zizania latifolia, Typha angustata, Phragmites communis period of ten days from deepwater place. Nelumbo nucifera was forming become independent stock keeping away invasion of plant that ability to breed was different because was prosperous. Slant 10 bores was growing near sleep in been strange steep slope earth and distribution of emerged plant appeared punily and emerged plant and swampy land plant were ranged extensively in gentle gradient of 10 degree low. 3. On lake surrounding plant when wish to do distribution of natural conditions reference need to. That is, gentle gradient and distribution form of steep slope earth are different, and same pitch must consider enough this because appear as distribution, distribution according to that some plant species were growing was different.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.14-21
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• 2010

Three different species of cattails (Typha orientalis, Typha angustata, Typha latifolia) cultivated in South Korea were examined as raw materials for the production of pulp and paper. Soda pulping with anthraquinone was used for the stems and the leaves of cattail, separately. Addition of anthraquinone in soda pulping improved the yield greatly. Chemical components between three cattail species and within each species (leaves and stem) gave little differences. Average fiber length of the bleached cattail fibers was a little shorter than that of the HwBKP of Eucalyptus. Average fiber width of the cattail fibers was a half of that of the HwBKP. Compared to the HwBKP, cattail pulp gave higher breaking length, higher opacity, and better smoothness at equivalent freeness.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.147.1-147
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.565-572
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• 2006

This study examined the decomposition of blades and culms of aquatic emergent plant species, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites communis and Typha angustata, which were the most frequent in Lake Paldang. The experiment was carried out from July to December, 2005 in fresh water of lake Paldang using litter bag method. The litter bags had 1.2 mm mesh size and were suspended at 1 m depth of water surface. Remaining mass of blades and culms of each species after 97 days was 21.2% and 22.6% of initial mass in Z. latifolia, 32.5% and 56.4% in P. communis and 44.7% and 38.1 % in T. angustata, respectively. The plant tissue having high N concentration and low C/N exhibited the faster decay rate than the others. However, the tissue of high content of lignin, cellulose, lignin:N, and cullulose:N showed a slow decomposition rate. Water temperature was the most effective environmental factor on the emergent macrophyte litter decomposition in aquatic ecosystems. According to the water temperature, DO, $NO_3^-$-N, and total phosphate concentration were changed in the linear way. The mass loss of plant tissue of emergent macrophytes showed positive relationship with P concentration in water. The experiments on the decomposition of the litter using different mesh sized litter bag did not show significant differences between them. The results suggest that the decomposition of emergent macrophytes in fresh water of lake Paldang, which showed features of lentic and lower part of a stream, was affected by microbial activities better than the micro-invertebrates such as shredders.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2007

We studied the optimal ranges of water and soil characteristics for wetland plants, particularly Scirpus tabernaemontani (softstem bulrush) and Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail), which are dominant species with potential for restoration of Korean wetlands. We observed vegetation in S. tabernaemontani and T. latifolia communities from the mid to late June, 2005, and measured characteristics of water environments such as water depth (WD), temperature (WT), conductivity (WC), and concentration of several ions $(NO_3{^-}-N,\;Ca^{2+},\;Na^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;and\;K^+)$, and characteristics of soil environments such as soil texture, organic matter (loss on ignition, LOI), conductivity, and pH. The S. tabernaemontani community was accompanied by Zizania latifolia (Manchurian wildrice), Persicaria thunbergii (Korean persicary), Actinostemma lobatum (lobed actinostemma), and Beckmannia syzigachne (American slough grass), while the T. latifolia community was accompanied by P. thunbergii, T. angustifolia (narrowleaf cattail), and Glycine soja (wild soybean). We defined the optimal range for distribution (ORD) as the range that each plant was crowded. The optimal range of water characteristics for the S. tabernaemontani community was a $WD\;10{\sim}50cm,\;WT\;24.0{\sim}32.0^{\circ}C,\;WC\;100{\sim}500{\mu}S/cm,\;{NO_3}{^-}-N\;0{\sim}60ppb,\;K^+\;0.00{\sim}1.50ppm,\;Ca^{2+}\;7.50{\sim}17.50ppm,\; Na^+\;2.50{\sim}12.50ppm,\;and\;Mg^{2+}\;3.00{\sim}7.00ppm$. In addition, the optimal range of soil characteristics for the S. tabernaemontani community was a soil texture of loam, silty loam, and loamy sand, $LOI\;8.0{\sim}16.0%,\;pH\;5.25{\sim}6.25$, and conductivity $10{\sim}70{\mu}S/cm$. The optimal range of water characteristics for the T. latifolia community was a $WD\;10{\sim}30cm,\;WT\;22.5{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C,\;WC\;100{\sim}400{\mu}S/cm,\;{NO_3}{^-}-N\;0{\sim}60ppb,\;K^+\;0.00{\sim}1.50ppm,\;Ca^{2+}\;0.00{\sim}17.50ppm,\;Na^+\;0.00{\sim}12.50ppm,\;and\;Mg^{2+}\;0.00{\sim}5.00ppm$, and the optimal range of soil characteristics for the T. fatifolia community was a soil texture of loam, sandy loam, and silty loam, LOI $3.0{\sim}9.0%,\;pH\;5.25{\sim}7.25$, and conductivity $0{\sim}70{\mu}S/cm$.