• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2010

In this paper, we give definitions of compatible mappings of type(I) and (II) in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space and obtain common fixed point theorem and example under the conditions of compatible mappings of type(I) and (II) in complete intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Our research generalize, extend and improve the results given by many authors.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2006

Because most common assumption is normality in statistical analysis, testing normality is very important. The Q-Q plot is a powerful tool to test normality with full samples in statistical package. But the plot can't test normality in type-II censored samples. This paper proposed the modified the Q-Q plot and the modified normalized sample Lorenz curve(NSLC) for normality test in the type-II censored samples. Using the two Hodgkin's disease data sets and the type-II censored samples, we picture the modified Q-Q plot and the modified normalized sample Lorenz curve.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.178-186
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• 1995

Streptomyces albus wild type ATCC 21838 produced salinomycin, polyether antibiotic. To clone genes related salinomycin production, a genomic library was screened using actI as a DNA hybridization probe. pWHM 210 was isolated, which contained an approximately 24 kb of insert DNA. A 3.8 kb region in the 24 kb insert DNA was hybridized to actI and the nucleotide sequence of this region was determinied. Two open reading frames found in the same direction were homologous to genes for $\beta$-keto acyl synthase/acyl transferase and chain length determining factor in type II PKS (polyketide synthase). The genes were components of minimal type II PKS genes, highly conserved and showed the strong simiarity to other type II PKS genes known today.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of aquatic-exercise on muscle atrophy which induced by steroid injection. The forty-eight Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups; GroupI(distilled water injection), GroupII(steroid injection), GroupIII(distilled water injection and aquatic exercise), GroupIV(steroid injection and aquatic exercise). We observed their body weight, histological change by PAS stein. The results of this study were as follows; 1. After 2 weeks, the change of weights appeared that non-steroid injection groups increase weight and steroid injection groups decreased weight hasty. after 4 weeks, weights recovered from weight before test. It was possible to explain the change of weight by type II muscle fiber increase. 2. In histological change of muscle fibers, atrophy didn't observed in test group I, because type II muscle fibers were developed well. we observed not only injury of muscle fiber and muscle atrophy but specifically grouping type I muscle fiber in test group II. normal arrangement of muscle fibers were visible in test group and type II muscle fibers increased. we could observe muscle recovery because of type II muscle fibers increase in test group IV. therefore, it was seem that type II cell was recovering through aquatic exercise.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1391-1400
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• 1992

본 논문에서는 CCITT에서 ATM 망의 사용 감시 알고리즘에 대한 정확도의 평가 기준으로 고려하고 있는 type-I/II 에러의 평가방법을 제안하였다. 그리고, ON/OFF 트래픽 모델에 대한 LB(leaky bucket)방식의 type-I/II 에러 분석을 통하여 평균 셀률과 최대 셀률을 감시 제어하기 위한 LB파라 미터의 결정방법을 고찰하였다. LB파라미터인 계수기의 감소율 a와 한계치 M은 type-I 에러를 만족하는 a-M 특성곡선을 구한후, 이 중에서 type-II 에러를 만족하면서 반응시간이 최소가 되는 (a, M)의 쌍으로 결정할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 이때, ON/OFF 트래픽에 대한 LB방식의 a-M 특성곡선은 트래픽의 버스트성에 의해 결정되어 짐을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 성능분석 결과로부터 LB 방식은 최대 셀률에는 비교적 좋은 제어 성능을 가지지만, 평균 셀률 제어에 있어서는 정확도와 반응시간과의 상반관계로 인해 문제가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.641-657
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• 1998

본 연구는 열을 이용한 금속 브라켓의 재생 처리시, 기저부 형태와 브라켓 재생 방법에 따른 전단접착강도 및 브라켓 탈락 양상을 비교하고자 시행되었다. 교정 치료를 위해 발거된 건전한 소구치 252개를 수집하고, Type I, Type II, Type III 스탠다드 브라켓을 각각 재생 방법에 따라 네 군으로 나누어 준비된 소구치에 접착하고, Instron Universal Testing Machine(Model 4466)으로 전단접착강도를 측정하였으며, 브라켓의 탈락 양상을 관찰하고 브라켓 기저부의 주사전자현미경 소견을 관찰하였다. SPSS 통계처 리 프로그램을 이용하여 일원분산분석(oneway ANOVA), Scheffe's multiple range test를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 브라켓 기저부 형태에 따른 전단접착강도는 유의차가 있었으며(p<0.001), 그 크기는 Type III(round indentation, micro-etched base), Typ I(foil-mesh base), Type II(grooved integral base, micro-etched)의 순이었다. 2. 생 방법에 따른 전단접착강도는, Type I, Tpe II 브라켓에서는 Big Jane에 1분간 처리시 우수한 결과를 보였고 (p<0.05), Type III 브라켓에서는 각 군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 3. Type I, Type II 브라켓은 기저부-레진 계면에서 가장 높은 빈도로 탈락하였고, Type III 브라켓에서는 레진의 절반 가량이 치면에 잔존하는 탈락 양상이 가장 많았다. 4. 탈락 양상에 따라 탈락시의 전단접착강도가 유의성 있는 차이를 보였는데(p<0.05),브라켓 탈락시 접착제의 절반 가량이 치면에 잔존하는 경우 전단접착강도가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 5. 브라켓 재생 후 기저부에 남아 있는 접착제는 전단접착강도의 감소에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2017

Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior of two toxic heavy metals hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and mercury [Hg(II)] on mustard oil cake (MOC) was studied. Isotherm of total chromium was of concave type (S1 type) suggesting cooperative adsorption. Total chromium adsorption followed BET isotherm model. Isotherm of Hg(II) was of L3 type with monolayer followed by multilayer formation due to blockage of pores of MOC at lower concentration of Hg(II). Combined BET-Langmuir and BET-Freundlich models were appropriate to predict Hg(II) adsorption data on MOC. Boyd's model confirmed that external mass transfer was rate limiting step for both total chromium and Hg(II) adsorptions with average diffusivity of $1.09{\times}10^{-16}$ and $0.97m^2/sec$, respectively. Desorption was more than 60% with Hg(II), but poor with chromium. The optimum pH for adsorptions of total chromium and Hg(II) were 2-3 and 5, respectively. At strong acidic pH, Cr(VI) was adsorbed by ion exchange mechanism and after adsorption reduced to Cr(III) and remained on MOC surface. Hg(II) removal was achieved by complexation of $HgCl_2$ with deprotonated amine ($-NH_2$) and carboxyl (COO-) groups of MOC.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

This study was focused on experiment for the separation and concentration process of Cu(II), Zn(II) solution with the variation of applied pressure and concentration using reverse osmosis plate and frame modules. Rejection coefficient and degree of concentration for Cu(II) component using single and multi-stage reverse osmosis process were showed 96.3~97.8%, 0.044~0.191(in single-stage), 96.3~98.4%, 0.400~2.264(in multi-stage) within the range of experimental condition, respectively. Those of Zn(II) were 93.3~97.1%, 0.019~0.395(in single-stage), 96.3~98.2%, 0.365~1.454(in multi-stage), respectively. Degree of concentration of multi-stage were higher than those of single-stage. Heavy metal[Cu(II), Zn(II)] separation was very efficient in using reverse osmosis plate and frame type modules. Separation efficiency for a mixed solution Cu(II) and Zn(II) was higher than those of each one of Cu(II) and Zn(II).

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2006

This article deals with the problem of estimating parameters of Burr Type XII distribution, on the basis of a general progressive Type II censored sample using Bayesian viewpoints. The maximum likelihood estimator does not admit closed form but explicit sharp lower and upper bounds are provided. Assuming squared error loss and linex loss functions, Bayes estimators of the parameter k, the reliability function, and the failure rate function are obtained in closed form. Finally, a simulation study is also included.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1232-1241
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cerebral ischemia on Type I(soleus) and Type II(plantaris, gastrocnemius) muscles, and to determine the effects of isometric contraction training by electro- stimulation on Type I and II muscles in cerebral ischemia model rats. Method: Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: ST(stroke), STES(stroke+electrostimulation), SH(sham) and SHES (sham+electrostimulation). The ST and STES groups received a transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion operation. The SH and SHES groups received a sham operation. The STES and SHES groups had daily isometric contraction training by electrostimulation(100Hz, 45mA, 7.5V) on hindlimb muscles for 7days. Result: Plantaris and gastrocenmius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the ST group significantly decreased compared with the SH group. Soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and the Type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the STES group significantly increased compared with the 57 group. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs after acute stroke and isometric contraction training by electrostimulation during early stages of a stroke attenuates muscle atrophy of Type I and Type II muscles.