• Title/Summary/Keyword: Type II

Search Result 4,864, Processing Time 0.043 seconds

Fixed Point Theorem for Compatible Maps with Type(I) and (II) in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Space

  • Park, Jong-Seo
    • International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
    • /
    • v.10 no.3
    • /
    • pp.194-199
    • /
    • 2010
  • In this paper, we give definitions of compatible mappings of type(I) and (II) in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space and obtain common fixed point theorem and example under the conditions of compatible mappings of type(I) and (II) in complete intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Our research generalize, extend and improve the results given by many authors.

Goodness-of-Fit-Test from Censored Samples

  • Cho, Young-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.41-52
    • /
    • 2006
  • Because most common assumption is normality in statistical analysis, testing normality is very important. The Q-Q plot is a powerful tool to test normality with full samples in statistical package. But the plot can't test normality in type-II censored samples. This paper proposed the modified the Q-Q plot and the modified normalized sample Lorenz curve(NSLC) for normality test in the type-II censored samples. Using the two Hodgkin's disease data sets and the type-II censored samples, we picture the modified Q-Q plot and the modified normalized sample Lorenz curve.

  • PDF

Nucleotide Sequence and Analysis of the Genes for Type II Polyketide Synthase Isolated from Streptomyes albus (Streptomyces albus로부터 분리된 Type II Polyketide Synthase 유전자의 염기 서열 및 분석)

  • ;Huchinson, C.R.
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.178-186
    • /
    • 1995
  • Streptomyces albus wild type ATCC 21838 produced salinomycin, polyether antibiotic. To clone genes related salinomycin production, a genomic library was screened using actI as a DNA hybridization probe. pWHM 210 was isolated, which contained an approximately 24 kb of insert DNA. A 3.8 kb region in the 24 kb insert DNA was hybridized to actI and the nucleotide sequence of this region was determinied. Two open reading frames found in the same direction were homologous to genes for $\beta$-keto acyl synthase/acyl transferase and chain length determining factor in type II PKS (polyketide synthase). The genes were components of minimal type II PKS genes, highly conserved and showed the strong simiarity to other type II PKS genes known today.

  • PDF

The Change of Muscle Fiber by Aquatic Exercise on Rats Induced by Steroids Injection (스테로이드를 투여한 흰쥐에서 수중운동에 의한 근 섬유의 변화)

  • Yoon, Se-Won;Lee, Jung-Woo;Choi, Suk-Joo
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.21-30
    • /
    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to know the effect of aquatic-exercise on muscle atrophy which induced by steroid injection. The forty-eight Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups; GroupI(distilled water injection), GroupII(steroid injection), GroupIII(distilled water injection and aquatic exercise), GroupIV(steroid injection and aquatic exercise). We observed their body weight, histological change by PAS stein. The results of this study were as follows; 1. After 2 weeks, the change of weights appeared that non-steroid injection groups increase weight and steroid injection groups decreased weight hasty. after 4 weeks, weights recovered from weight before test. It was possible to explain the change of weight by type II muscle fiber increase. 2. In histological change of muscle fibers, atrophy didn't observed in test group I, because type II muscle fibers were developed well. we observed not only injury of muscle fiber and muscle atrophy but specifically grouping type I muscle fiber in test group II. normal arrangement of muscle fibers were visible in test group and type II muscle fibers increased. we could observe muscle recovery because of type II muscle fibers increase in test group IV. therefore, it was seem that type II cell was recovering through aquatic exercise.

  • PDF

Analysis of the Type-I/II Error for the Leaky Bucket Policing Algorithm in ATM Networks (ATM망에서 Leaky Bucket 사용 감시 알고리즘의 Type-I/II 에러 분석)

  • 이동호;안윤영;조유제
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
    • /
    • v.17 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1391-1400
    • /
    • 1992
  • In this paper, we suggested a method for evaluating the type-I/II error which is proposed by the CCITT as a criterion for the accuracy of policing algorithms in ATM networks, By the analysis of the type-I/II error of the Leaky Bucket(LB) algorithm, we investigated the relationships between the traffic parameters and the LB parameters to police the mean and peak cell rate effectively in the ON/OFF traffic. We showed that the LB parameters, the leaky rate a and the threshold M of the LB counter, could be determined as a pair of (a, M) satisfying the type-I/II error and minimizing the response time. In the ON/OFF traffic, it has been observed that the a-M characteristic curve of the LB policing algorithm only depends on the burstiness. As the results of the performance analysis, we found that the LB algorithm exhibits a good performance in the peak rate policing, but has some problems in the mean rate policing due to the trade-off between the accuracy and the response time.

  • PDF

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BOND STRENGTH OF RECYCLED BRACKETS (재생 브라켓의 전단접착강도에 관한 비교 연구)

  • Shur, Cheong-Hoon;Choi, Eun-Ah
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
    • /
    • v.28 no.4 s.69
    • /
    • pp.641-657
    • /
    • 1998
  • This study was undertaken to compare the bond strength and the fracture site of new and recycled brackets according to the base design. 252 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were collected and Type I, Type II, Type III brackets were divided into four groups by recycling method Each bracket was then bonded to an extracted premolar. Instron Universal Testing Machine(model W) was used to measure the shear bond strength, and the surface of the recycled brackets were viewed in SEM For the analysis of the results, one way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple range test was executed using the SPSSWIN program. 1. The shear bond strength showed statistically significant difference according to the bracket base design(p<0.001). Type III bracket(round indentation base, micro-etched) showed the highest bond strength, Type I bracket(foil-mesh base) was second, and Type II bracket(grooved integral base, micro-etched) was last. 2. The effect of recycling on the bond strength was different according to bracket type. The shear bond strength of Type I, Type II brackets showed the smallist reduction when treated for 1 minute in Big Jane(p<0.05), but the shear bond strength of Type III brackets showed no statistically significant difference according to recycling method(p>0.05). 3. In Type I, Type II brackets, frequent fracture site was bracket-resin interface, but in Type III brackets, about half of the resin was retained on the tooth surface frequently. 4. The shear bond strength was highest when about half of the resin was retained on the tooth surface(p<0.05). 5. The resin remnant on the bracket base after recycling had no effect on the shear bond strength.

  • PDF

Adsorption isotherm and kinetics analysis of hexavalent chromium and mercury on mustard oil cake

  • Reddy, T. Vishnuvardhan;Chauhan, Sachin;Chakraborty, Saswati
    • Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.95-107
    • /
    • 2017
  • Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior of two toxic heavy metals hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and mercury [Hg(II)] on mustard oil cake (MOC) was studied. Isotherm of total chromium was of concave type (S1 type) suggesting cooperative adsorption. Total chromium adsorption followed BET isotherm model. Isotherm of Hg(II) was of L3 type with monolayer followed by multilayer formation due to blockage of pores of MOC at lower concentration of Hg(II). Combined BET-Langmuir and BET-Freundlich models were appropriate to predict Hg(II) adsorption data on MOC. Boyd's model confirmed that external mass transfer was rate limiting step for both total chromium and Hg(II) adsorptions with average diffusivity of $1.09{\times}10^{-16}$ and $0.97m^2/sec$, respectively. Desorption was more than 60% with Hg(II), but poor with chromium. The optimum pH for adsorptions of total chromium and Hg(II) were 2-3 and 5, respectively. At strong acidic pH, Cr(VI) was adsorbed by ion exchange mechanism and after adsorption reduced to Cr(III) and remained on MOC surface. Hg(II) removal was achieved by complexation of $HgCl_2$ with deprotonated amine ($-NH_2$) and carboxyl (COO-) groups of MOC.

Application of Reverse Osmosis Plate and Frame Type for Separation and Concentration Heavy Metal[Cu(II), Zn(II)] (중금속[Cu(II), Zn(II)]의 분리 및 농축을 위한 역삼투 판틀형 모듈의 적용)

  • Lee, Kwang-Hyun;Kang, Byung-Chul;Lee, Jong-Baek;Kim, Jong-Pal
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
    • /
    • v.20 no.4
    • /
    • pp.307-312
    • /
    • 2004
  • This study was focused on experiment for the separation and concentration process of Cu(II), Zn(II) solution with the variation of applied pressure and concentration using reverse osmosis plate and frame modules. Rejection coefficient and degree of concentration for Cu(II) component using single and multi-stage reverse osmosis process were showed 96.3~97.8%, 0.044~0.191(in single-stage), 96.3~98.4%, 0.400~2.264(in multi-stage) within the range of experimental condition, respectively. Those of Zn(II) were 93.3~97.1%, 0.019~0.395(in single-stage), 96.3~98.2%, 0.365~1.454(in multi-stage), respectively. Degree of concentration of multi-stage were higher than those of single-stage. Heavy metal[Cu(II), Zn(II)] separation was very efficient in using reverse osmosis plate and frame type modules. Separation efficiency for a mixed solution Cu(II) and Zn(II) was higher than those of each one of Cu(II) and Zn(II).

On Estimating Burr Type XII Parameter Based on General Type II Progressive Censoring

  • Kim Chan-Soo
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.89-99
    • /
    • 2006
  • This article deals with the problem of estimating parameters of Burr Type XII distribution, on the basis of a general progressive Type II censored sample using Bayesian viewpoints. The maximum likelihood estimator does not admit closed form but explicit sharp lower and upper bounds are provided. Assuming squared error loss and linex loss functions, Bayes estimators of the parameter k, the reliability function, and the failure rate function are obtained in closed form. Finally, a simulation study is also included.

Effects of Isometric Contraction Training by Electrostimulation on Type I and II Hindlimb Muscles in Cerebral Ischemia Model Rats (전기자극을 이용한 등척성 수축훈련이 뇌허혈 유발 쥐의 환측 Type I, II 근육에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Yoon-Kyong;Choe, Myoung-Ae;An, Gyeong-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
    • /
    • v.36 no.7
    • /
    • pp.1232-1241
    • /
    • 2006
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cerebral ischemia on Type I(soleus) and Type II(plantaris, gastrocnemius) muscles, and to determine the effects of isometric contraction training by electro- stimulation on Type I and II muscles in cerebral ischemia model rats. Method: Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: ST(stroke), STES(stroke+electrostimulation), SH(sham) and SHES (sham+electrostimulation). The ST and STES groups received a transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion operation. The SH and SHES groups received a sham operation. The STES and SHES groups had daily isometric contraction training by electrostimulation(100Hz, 45mA, 7.5V) on hindlimb muscles for 7days. Result: Plantaris and gastrocenmius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the ST group significantly decreased compared with the SH group. Soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and the Type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the STES group significantly increased compared with the 57 group. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs after acute stroke and isometric contraction training by electrostimulation during early stages of a stroke attenuates muscle atrophy of Type I and Type II muscles.