• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2002

It is important to predict the crash behavior of trains to improve their crashworthiness. This paper investigates the simulation of high-speed train crashes in three dimensions using multibody dynamics. At present, little is known about three-dimensional crash simulations. This study shows that it is possible to simulate overriding and lateral buckling, including results from one- or two-dimensional simulations. Several parameters, however, such as computational time and large deformation of structures, need further investigation.

• 물과 미래
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1992

유역내 공간적 및 시간적 분포특성을 가진 이동강우를 해석하기 위하여 분포형 모델을 개발하였으며 이 유역모델은 지표면 흐름과 하천망 흐름으로 나누어 유출을 해석하였다. 지표면의 흐름은 2차원의 연속방정식과 운동량 방정식을 이요하였는데 kinematic 이론을 도입하여 운동량 방정식을 간략화 하였으며 하천망 흐름은 하천망을 일체로 하여 1차원의 연속방정식과 운동량방정식들을 이용하였다. 기본방정식들의 수치해석법으로 지표면의 흐름은 유한요소법을 이용하였으며 하천망에 대한 해석은 음해법의 유한차분법을 이용하였다. 모델은 특히 이동강우에 있어서 중요한 특색인 공간적 및 시간적 특성을 효과적으로 해석할 수 있도록 개발되었다. 또한 모델은 구성된 행렬의 특징을 이용하였는데, 지표면 유출모델은 Gauss 소거법을 이용하여 그해를 구하였으며 하천망 해석은 double sweep 방법을 적용하기 위한 여러 종류의 순환계수방정식을 제안하였고 이를 이용하여 그 해를 구하였다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2002년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.762-766
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• 2002

This paper proposes a method or estimating lifetime distribution for products under two-dimensional warranty in which age and usage are used simultaneously to determine the eligibility of a warranty claim. For such a case, existing methods reduce the two-dimensional time stale to a single stale assuming that the two variables have a functional relationship. This assumption is, however, not appropriate since the functional relationship is unknown in practice. In this paper, the field age and usage data are modeled with a bivariate lifetime distribution. Method of obtaining maximum likelihood estimators is outlined, their asymptotic properties are studied and specific formulas for a bivariate Weibull distribution are obtained. The proposed model is compared with the existing one which assumes a lineal relationship between the two variables Simulation studios are performed to investigate the effect of the degree of dependency between the two variables.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 복합재의 3차원 경화 수치모사를 위해 유한요소 정식과정을 제시하였다. 이 정식을 기초로 하여 유한요소 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발한 프로그램을 검증하기 위해 참고문헌에 제시된 수치예제에 대한 해석을 수행하였다. 본 논문에서의 경화 수치모사결과가 측정된 경화온도와 잘 일치하였다. 본 3차원 경화 수치모사에서는 1, 2차원 해석과는 달리 복합재 구조물의 임의 지점에서의 수치모사 결과분석이 가능하다. 개발된 유한요소 프로그램을 이용하면 불규칙한 형상을 가진 복합재 구조물과 일정하지 않은 오토클레이브 내부 온도분포 하에서의 경화 수치모사를 할 수 있다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.127-144
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• 1998

In this paper, the wake structures behind a square cylinder at the Reynolds number of 22,000 are simulated using the large eddy simulation, and the main features of the wake structure associated with unsteady vortex-shedding are investigated. The Smagorinsky model is used for parametrization of the subgrid scales. The finite element method with isoparametric linear elements is employed in the computations. Unsteady computations are performed using the explicit method with streamline upwind scheme for the advection term. The time integration incorporates a subcycling strategy. No-slip condition is enforced on the wall surface. A comparative study between two-and three-dimensional computations puts a stress on the three-dimensional effects in turbulent flow simulations. Simulated three-dimensional wake structures are compared with numerical and experimental results reported by other researchers. The results include time-averaged, phase-averaged flow fields and numerically visualized vortex-shedding pattern using streaklines. The results show that dynamics of the vortex-shedding phenomenon are numerically well reproduced using the present method of finite element implementation of large eddy simulation.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2000

It is well known that the quality and efficiency of the design of metal forming processes can be significantly improved with the aid of effective numerical simulations. In the present study, a two-and three-dimensional finite element simulation system, CAMP form, was developed for the analysis of metal forming processes in the PC environment. It is composed of a solver based on the thermo-rigid-viscoplastic approach and graphic user interface (GUI) based pre-and post-processors to be used for the effective description of forming conditions and graphic display of simulation results, respectively. In particular, in the case of CAMPform 2D (two-dimensional), as the solver contains an automatic remeshing module which determines the deformation step when remeshing is required and reconstructs the new mesh system, it is possible to carry out simulations automatically without any user intervention. Also, the forming analysis considers ductile fracture of the workpiece and wear of dies for better usage of the system. In the case of CAMPform 3D, general three-dimensional problems that involve complex die geometries and require remeshing can be analyzed, but full automation of simulations has yet to be achieved. In this paper, the overall structure and computational background of CAMPform will be briefly explained and analysis results of several forming processes will be shown. From the current results, it is construed that CAMPform can be used in providing useful information to assist the design of forming processes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2003

This paper addresses that an approximation and tracking control of realtime recurrent neural networks(RTRN) using two-dimensional iterative teaming algorithm for an electro-hydraulic servo system. Two dimensional learning rule is driven in the discrete system which consists of nonlinear output fuction and linear input. In order to control the trajectory of position, two RTRN with the same network architecture were used. Simulation results show that two RTRN using 2-D learning algorithm are able to approximate the plant output and desired trajectory to a very high degree of a accuracy respectively and the control algorithm using two identical RTRN was very effective to trajectory tracking of the electro-hydraulic servo system.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

This paper addresses an approximation and tracking control of recurrent neural networks(RNN) using two-dimensional iterative learning algorithm for an electro-hydraulic servo system. And two dimensional learning rule is driven in the discrete system which consists of nonlinear output function and linear input. In order to control the trajectory of position, two RNN's with the same network architecture were used. Simulation results show that two RNN's using 2-D learning algorithm are able to approximate the plant output and desired trajectory to a very high degree of a accuracy respectively and the control algorithm using two same RNN was very effective to control trajectory tracking of electro-hydraulic servo system.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2002

The effects of velocity boundary conditions on the structure of methane-air nonpremixed counterflow flames were investigated by two-dimensional numerical simulation. Two low global strain rates, 12 s$\^$-1/ and 20 s$\^$-1/, were considered for comparison with measurements. Buoyancy was conformed to have strong effects on the flame structure at a low global strain rate. It was shown that the location where a top hat velocity profile was imposed is sensitive to the flame structure, and that the computed temperature along the centerline agrees well with the measurements when plug flow was imposed at the inner surface of the screen nearest the duct exit.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.267-281
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• 1995

Preform design is one of the critical fields in metal forming. The finite element method(FEM) has been effective in designing preforms and process sequence, for which the backward tracing scheme of the rigid-plastic FEM has been explored. In this work a program using the backward tracing scheme by the rigid-plastic FEM is developed for three-dimensional plastic deformation, which is an extension of the scheme from two-dimensional cases. The calculation of friction between workpiece and die, and handling of boundary conditions during backward tracing require sophisticated treatment. The developed program is applied to upsetting of a rectangular block and to side pressing of a cylindrical workpiece. The results of the two applications show feasibility of the program on three-dimensional plastic deformation.