• Title/Summary/Keyword: Two-dimension

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Analysis of the Types of Fractal Dimension Appeared in Fashion (패션에 나타난 프랙탈 디멘션의 유형분석)

  • Song, Arum;Kan, Hosup
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.135-147
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    • 2018
  • Since the 20th century, there has been a growing interest in the new concept of fractals, a combination of mathematics and art, and the attempt to study the creative spatial aspects of the concept is being made. The purpose of this research is to examine artistic characteristics of fractal dimension and then analyze the types of fractal dimensions expressed in the fashion. Previous literature on fractals and dimension, and visual data on art and fashion collected over the Internet were used for analysis. Fractal dimension refers to the spatial concept of structural dimension of geometrical self-similarity. An analysis of the types of fractals seen in fashion revealed spatial expansion, the repetition in continual figures, superposition accordant to different sizes, and shades of different shapes. The aesthetic characteristics of fractal dimension appearing in fashions were examined based on analyses of fractal dimension types; the inherent characteristics of self-similarity, superimposition, and atypicality were found. Results obtained from this study are expected to be used as basic materials for the application of the design of fractal dimension into various perspectives of fashion.

MBRDR: R-package for response dimension reduction in multivariate regression

  • Heesung Ahn;Jae Keun Yoo
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.179-189
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    • 2024
  • In multivariate regression with a high-dimensional response Y ∈ ℝr and a relatively low-dimensional predictor X ∈ ℝp (where r ≥ 2), the statistical analysis of such data presents significant challenges due to the exponential increase in the number of parameters as the dimension of the response grows. Most existing dimension reduction techniques primarily focus on reducing the dimension of the predictors (X), not the dimension of the response variable (Y). Yoo and Cook (2008) introduced a response dimension reduction method that preserves information about the conditional mean E(Y | X). Building upon this foundational work, Yoo (2018) proposed two semi-parametric methods, principal response reduction (PRR) and principal fitted response reduction (PFRR), then expanded these methods to unstructured principal fitted response reduction (UPFRR) (Yoo, 2019). This paper reviews these four response dimension reduction methodologies mentioned above. In addition, it introduces the implementation of the mbrdr package in R. The mbrdr is a unique tool in the R community, as it is specifically designed for response dimension reduction, setting it apart from existing dimension reduction packages that focus solely on predictors.

Application of Fractal Parameter for Morphological Analysis of Wear Particle (마멸입자 형상분석을 위한 프랙탈 파라미터의 적용)

  • 조연상;류미라;김동호;박흥식
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.147-152
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    • 2002
  • The morphological analysis of wear particle is a very effective means fur machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. In order to describe morphology of various wear particle, the wear test was carried out under friction experimental conditions. And fractal descriptors was applied to boundary and surface of wear particle with image processing. These descriptors to analyze shape and surface of wear particle are shape fractal dimension and surface fractal dimension. The boundary fractal dimension can be derived from the boundary profile and surface fractal dimension can be determined by sum of intensity difference of surface pixel. The morphology of wear particles can be effectively obtained by two fractal parameter.

Application of Fractal Parameter for Morphological Analysis of Wear Particle (마멸입자 형상분석을 위한 프랙탈 파라미터의 적용)

  • 원두원;전성재;조연상;박흥식;전태옥
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2001
  • The morphological analysis of wear particle is a very effective means for machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. In order to describe morphology of various wear particle, the wear test was carried oui under friction experimental conditions. And fractal descriptors was applied to boundary and surface of wear particle with image processing system. These descriptors to analyze shape and surface wear particle are share fractal dimension and surface fractal dimension. The boundry fractal dimension can be derived from the boundary profile and surface fractal dimension can be determined b)r sum of intensity difference of surface pixel. The morphology of wear particles can be effectively obtained by two fractal dimensions.

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Fused inverse regression with multi-dimensional responses

  • Cho, Youyoung;Han, Hyoseon;Yoo, Jae Keun
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.267-279
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    • 2021
  • A regression with multi-dimensional responses is quite common nowadays in the so-called big data era. In such regression, to relieve the curse of dimension due to high-dimension of responses, the dimension reduction of predictors is essential in analysis. Sufficient dimension reduction provides effective tools for the reduction, but there are few sufficient dimension reduction methodologies for multivariate regression. To fill this gap, we newly propose two fused slice-based inverse regression methods. The proposed approaches are robust to the numbers of clusters or slices and improve the estimation results over existing methods by fusing many kernel matrices. Numerical studies are presented and are compared with existing methods. Real data analysis confirms practical usefulness of the proposed methods.

Comprehensive studies of Grassmann manifold optimization and sequential candidate set algorithm in a principal fitted component model

  • Chaeyoung, Lee;Jae Keun, Yoo
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.721-733
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    • 2022
  • In this paper we compare parameter estimation by Grassmann manifold optimization and sequential candidate set algorithm in a structured principal fitted component (PFC) model. The structured PFC model extends the form of the covariance matrix of a random error to relieve the limits that occur due to too simple form of the matrix. However, unlike other PFC models, structured PFC model does not have a closed form for parameter estimation in dimension reduction which signals the need of numerical computation. The numerical computation can be done through Grassmann manifold optimization and sequential candidate set algorithm. We conducted numerical studies to compare the two methods by computing the results of sequential dimension testing and trace correlation values where we can compare the performance in determining dimension and estimating the basis. We could conclude that Grassmann manifold optimization outperforms sequential candidate set algorithm in dimension determination, while sequential candidate set algorithm is better in basis estimation when conducting dimension reduction. We also applied the methods in real data which derived the same result.

Statistical Design of Experiments and Analysis: Hierarchical Variance Components and Wafer-Level Uniformity on Gate Poly-Silicon Critical Dimension (통계적 실험계획 및 분석: Gate Poly-Silicon의 Critical Dimension에 대한 계층적 분산 구성요소 및 웨이퍼 수준 균일성)

  • Park, Sung-min;Kim, Byeong-yun;Lee, Jeong-in
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.179-189
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    • 2003
  • Gate poly-silicon critical dimension is a prime characteristic of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor. It is important to achieve the uniformity of gate poly-silicon critical dimension in order that a semiconductor device has acceptable electrical test characteristics as well as a semiconductor wafer fabrication process has a competitive net-die-per-wafer yield. However, on gate poly-silicon critical dimension, the complexity associated with a semiconductor wafer fabrication process entails hierarchical variance components according to run-to-run, wafer-to-wafer and even die-to-die production unit changes. Specifically, estimates of the hierarchical variance components are required not only for disclosing dominant sources of the variation but also for testing the wafer-level uniformity. In this paper, two experimental designs, a two-stage nested design and a randomized complete block design are considered in order to estimate the hierarchical variance components. Since gate poly-silicon critical dimensions are collected from fixed die positions within wafers, a factor representing die positions can be regarded as fixed in linear statistical models for the designs. In this context, the two-stage nested design also checks the wafer-level uniformity taking all sampled runs into account. In more detail, using variance estimates derived from randomized complete block designs, Duncan's multiple range test examines the wafer-level uniformity for each run. Consequently, a framework presented in this study could provide guidelines to practitioners on estimating the hierarchical variance components and testing the wafer-level uniformity in parallel for any characteristics concerned in semiconductor wafer fabrication processes. Statistical analysis is illustrated for an experimental dataset from a real pilot semiconductor wafer fabrication process.

DECOUPLING OF MULTI-INPUT MULTI-OUTPYT TWO DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS

  • Kawakami, Atsushi
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 1990.10b
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    • pp.1130-1134
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    • 1990
  • In this paper, we propose a mthod to decouple the multi-input multi-output two-dimensional system. Then, we analyze the realization dimension of the feedback, feedforward given to decouple. Moreover, we consider the possibility of the reduction of the dynamical dimension needed to decouple. Besides, in order to stabilize the decoupled two-dimensional system, we suggest a method to assign the poles of each entry of the transfer function matrix to the desired positions.

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Rigid-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Multi-Stage Automatic Cold Forging Processes by Combined Analyses of Two-Dimension and Three-Dimensional Approaches (2차원 및 3차원 연계해석을 통한 다단 자동냉간단조 공정의 강소성 유한요소해석)

  • Lee, M.C.;Joun, M.S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2007.10a
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    • pp.195-200
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    • 2007
  • We analyzed a sequence of multi-stage automatic cold forging processes composed of four axisymmetric processes followed by a non-axisymmetric process using rigid-plastic finite element based forging simulators. The forging sequence selected for an example involves a piercing process and a heading process accompanying folding or overlapping, which all make it difficult to simulate the processes. To reduce computational time and to enhance the solution reliability, only the non-symmetric process was analyzed by the three-dimensional approach after the axisymmetric processes were analyzed by the two-dimensional approach. It has been emphsized that this capability is very helpful in simulating the multi-stage automatic forging processes which are next to axisymmetric.

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Patient Satisfaction as an Indicator of Service Quality in Malaysian Public Hospitals

  • Manaf, Noor Hazilah Abd;Nooi, Phang Siew
    • International Journal of Quality Innovation
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.77-87
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    • 2009
  • The main aim of the paper is to provide an empirical analysis on patient satisfaction as an indicator of service quality in Malaysian public hospitals. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to patients by convenience sampling. Two sets of questionnaires were used, one for inpatient and another one set for outpatient. Selection of hospitals was made according to states in Peninsular Malaysia. 23 hospitals covering all state level hospitals, the National Referral Centre and selected district hospitals were chosen as respondent hospitals. Two dimensions of service quality emerged, namely clinical and physical dimension of service. Both outpatient and inpatient were found to be more satisfied with clinical dimension of service than physical dimension. For outpatient satisfaction, there was positive correlation between waiting time and patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction was also found to be higher in the smaller district hospitals than in the larger state hospitals. For clinical dimension of service, patients were satisfied with the services of doctors and nurses, while for physical dimension of service, patients were satisfied with the cleanliness of the facilities. The ability of the research to be conducted by random sampling was inhibited by the reluctance of patients to cooperate, which led to the use of convenience sampling. Studies have also shown that patients are reluctant to express their feelings on services provided by their caregivers. The study provides primary data for a nationwide study on patient satisfaction in Malaysian public hospitals, for both inpatient and outpatient.