• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 1995

Nature of graft transmissibility of pear abnormal leaf spot disease was examined by various grafting methods in the greenhouse and field. When the diseased and symptomless twigs were collected in winter and grafted in the next spring to the seed-originated healthy root stock, the abnormal leaf spot was developed only in the case of the diseased twigs. Double grafting on a seed-originated healthy root stock, where the diseased and the symptomless twigs were used as 1st and 2nd scions, respectively, developed abnormal leaf spot lesions without exception on the 2nd scions. Tongue-graft with the diseased and the symptomless trees also incited abnormal leaf spots on the both trees. Abnormal leaf spots of were also developed on HN-39, an indicator pear tree, used as a 2nd scion in a double graft test, where the diseased twig and a seed-originated healthy tree were used as the 1st scion and the root stock, respectively. When the diseased twig was top-grafted to the healthy root stock, lesion development of abnormal spot was limited to the grafted twig itself in the 1st year, but expanded to the main branches in the 2nd year, and spread over the whole tree in the 3rd year. This result indicates that the causal agent of abnormal leaf spot disease is transmitted by graft.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.440-449
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• 2015

Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is one of the most serious pests of pine tree. Trunk injection of some nematicides in tree is well known as an effective control method. However there are some limitating factors which hindering the efficacy of trunk injection in field or potted tree. In this study we suggested easy and useful alternative screening methods of nematicides against PWN. Reproduction of PWN was influenced by tree twig moisture (high reproduction in high moisture trig) and paraffin coating was 78.6% reduced moisture loss in tested twig. There were no reproduction different in up and down site from infection site of twig at 1 month after inoculation of PWN and also distance (5 and 10 cm) from inoculation site of PWN did not influence the reproduction of PWN. Numbers of reproduced PWN were higher with decreasing diameter of twig. Numbers of reproduced PWN were similar to P. thunbergii and P. densiflora. However reproduction was increased depending on high inoculation density and longer propagation period. When inoculation of PWN on cut twig injected with emamectin benzoate 2.15% EC and morantel tartrate 8% SL in trunk of Pinus thunbergii in the field, PWN number were significantly reduced than untreated control. We suggest this screening method for PWN control agents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.178-180
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• 2005

지금까지 제안된 XML 문서상의 분기 질의(twig query) 처리 기법들의 중요한 흐름 중 하나는 지역 인코딩 기법을 이용하는 것이다. 하지만 이 기법에 기반한 분기 질의 처리는 분기 질의상의 단말 노드와 분기 노드의 엘리먼트를 반드시 읽어야 하는 단점이 있다. 그러나 지역 인코딩 기법과는 달리 경로 정보를 축약하는 방식의 레이블링 기법(예: 듀이 인코딩)은 지역 인코딩에 의한 레이블에 비해 더 많은 정보를 담고 있어서, 이 기법과 구조 인덱스를 이용하여 XML 문서를 인덱싱하면 질의상의 단말 태그의 엘리먼트만을 읽어도 분기 질의를 처리할 수 있다. 이를 이용하여, 본 논문에서는 경로 정보 축약 레이블링 기법과 구조 인덱스를 이용한 분기 질의 처리 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 디스크 입출력을 줄일 수 있으며 불필요한 중간 결과도 생성하지 않는다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.313-323
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• 2015

One of the main processes of tenderizing beef in Joseon Dynasty was chemical methods involving Apricot seeds, manchu cherry twig and leaves, bamboo skins, mulberry tree bark, mangsa (硭砂), salmiacum (磠砂), alcohol, fermented malt, and original honey. This study analyzed and compared the effect of broussonetia papyrifera, fermented malt, cherry trees, and mulberry tree bark from old cookbooks. Tenderizing beef with cherry trees was most effective in the experiment on shearing force, TPA, and electrophoresis of beef. According to sensory evaluation and electrophoresis test results, tenderized beef with mulberry tree bark was slightly more preferred over the method using cherry trees. However, in accordance with the above mentioned experiment, quantitative descriptive analysis showed that the most common tenderizing material was derived from morus alba powder.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-20
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• 2003

Canker farmed on a pomegranate tree(Punica granatum) with yellowing leaves and death of some twigs was founded at a garden of Gyungbuk Agricultural Technology Administration. Botryosphaeria dothidea was isolated from the canker and pathogenisity of the isolate was confirmed by artificial inoculation to the pome-granate twig, which showed the same symptom with naturally infected twig. This is the first report of a natural infection of pomegranate tree by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Korea.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.129-132
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• 2002

The MeOH extract of the twig of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) inhibited strong lipid peroxidation activity. In order to find out active principle from the plant, acivity-guided fractionation was performed and five antioxidant compounds were isolated. Their chemical structures were identified as 6-geranylapigenin (1), 6-geranylnorartocarpetin (2), resveratrol (3), oxyresveratrol (4) and quercetin (5) by physicochemical and spectrometric methods. Compounds 1-5 significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate $(IC_{50}\;values\;of\;3.37,\;3.74,\;0.23,\;0.29\;and\;0.06\; {\mu}M,\;respectively)$.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.377.2-377.2
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• 2002

The MeOH extract of the twig of Marus alba L. (Moraceae) inhibited strong lipid peroxidation activity. Five antioxidative compounds were isolated through activity-guided fractionation. and identified as 6-geranylapigenin (1). 6-geranylnorartocarpetin(2). resveratrol (3). oxyresveratrol (4). quercetin (5) by physicochemical and spectrometric methods. In order to evaluate the antioxidant effect of these compounds. the lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity test were performed. Compounds 1-5 showed greater activity than tocopherol. (omitted)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.108-112
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• 1996

Bronchial foreign body aspirations are uncommon in adults and usually have various underlying conditions, otherwise accidentally occurred in dental procedure, medical, surgical procedure. The most commonly aspirated objects were food materials, with peanuts leading the list. When bronchial foreign body was aspirated, no definite respiratory symptoms or foreign body is may not seen, then diagnosis is delayed. Therefore late complications was developed. The tendency to use fiberoptic bronchoscope for removal of foreign bodies in adults is increased. We report a rare case of bronchial pneumonia due to occult aspiration of a twig before 1 year with a review of the literatures.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.266-273
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the sensory quality attributes for the development of soy sauce containing Hutgae(Hovenia dulcis Thunb). Aqueous extracts of Hutgae were prepared from different parts such as trunk, twig, and fruit. These extracts were used for determining the antioxidant effect by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity and sensory evaluation. Hutgae twig and fruit extracts had a strong DPPH scavenging effect compared to Hutgae trunk extract. In sensory analysis, high intensities of roast smell, bitter taste, and astringent taste were observed in Hutgae twig extract, whereas those of sweet smell and sweet taste were predominated within Hutgae fruit extract. Hutgae trunk and fruit extracts obtained higher overall acceptability. Various seasoning items such as anchovy, dried-pollack, katsuobushi, shiitake, radish, and kelp were used to determine the suitable type of soy sauce containing Hutgae extracts regarding the different parts. Hutgae fruit and trunk extracts were evaluated for use as a good source of seasoned soy sauce, and the dried-pollack and radish among the seasoning items were well-matched with Hutgae extracts. From these results, soy sauce containing Hutgae trunk and fruit extracts added to dried-pollack soup may be used as a functional seasoning in order to remove hangovers.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

Recently, it is necessary to process real time sensor data, which is generated from ubiquitous environments. Data, which are written by XML, are small, but, large volumes of data. Therefore, weneed to use an efficient method for processing a large amount of it. An XQuery has two types for sensor data: one is to get sensor identification and value from sensor data; the other is restructuring for user's convenience. Existing XQuery engines don't have efficient method for batch processing of sensor data. This paper proposed the twig query processing over reverse path summary, and we developed and applied restructuring batch processing method for real time processing of a large amount of sensor data. Finally, we do performance evaluation using XMark and RFID EPC data, and comparison analysis with MonetDB/XQuery and Berkeley DB XML.