• 통상정보연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.3-23
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• 2017

세계경제의 글로벌화와 함께 국가 간 무역네트워크는 지리적 근접성을 초월해 확장되고 있으며 이러한 무역네트워크의 확장은 세계화를 촉진시키는 역할을 하고 있다. 우리나라는 한 칠레 FTA를 시작으로 지난 10년 동안 명실상부한 FTA 강국으로 자리매김 했으며 단기간의 성공적인 네트워크 구축은 체결국과의 교역증대, 해외시장 점유율 상승 등 긍정적 경제효과가 나타나고 있다. 다른 국가 역시 지역경제 통합 및 양자간 무역협정 네트워크 형성으로 경제 패러다임 전환을 이루고 있어, 전체 RTA 및 FTA 네트워크에 대한 이해를 통한 새로운 기회에 대한 연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있는 시점이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1960년대부터 현재시점까지의 세계 각국의 RTA 및 FTA 현황을 파악하고 사회네트워크분석을 통해 네트워크 구조와 중심성 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과로 전 세계 FTA 네트워크의 구조는 점차 확장 중에 있으며 초기 유럽중심에서 아시아권 국가들의 성장이 두드러지고 있다. 중심성(Degree, Betweenness, Closeness 및 Eigenvector)분석결과 한국은 짧은 기간 동안 모든 중심성 지표에서 상위권을 차지하며 전략적으로 FTA 성과를 이룬 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 FTA를 거시적 관점으로 살펴보고 이를 통해 세계 FTA의 구조와 한국의 FTA 전략을 평가하고 네트워크적 관점의 FTA 네트워크를 평가하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1980

빛에 대한 어류의 행동을 조사하기 위하여, 쥐치 Stephanolepis cirrhifer, 붕장어 Astroconger myriaster, 붕어 Carassius cerassius에 빛의 세기가 서로 다른 여섯가지 인공광원으로 광자극을 주어, 그에 대한 반응을 주야에 각각 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 제한된 실험수조내에서의 광자극에 대한 구간별분포는 세 어종이 모두 양단구간에 많이 모여 분포곡선은 대체로 U자형이 되었다. 2. 쥐치는 빛의 세기가 강할수록 광원으로부터 멀리 떨어진 곳에 많이 모이는 경향을 나타냈다. 집어율이 최대가 되는 평균수중조도는 0.7 lx(0.5-1.1 lx)로서 주야간에 같았다. 조명시간이 경과함에 따라 집어율이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 3. 붕장어는 수중조도가 어떤 값보다 높아지면 광원에서 멀리 떨어지는 경향을 보였고, 집어율이 최대가 되 는 평균수중조도는 주간에 1.9 lx(1.2-2.9 1x), 야간에 5.2 1x(3.2-7.7 1x)로서 야간에 더 높았다. 집어율은 조명시간의 경과에 관계없이 거의 일정 하였다. 4. 붕어는 어느 실험광원하에서도 제 VI 구간에 많이 모였고, 강한 광원일수록 제 VI 구간에 더 많이 모이는 경향을 보였다. 야간에는 16.2 lx 정도에서 집어율이 약간은 높은 경향을 보였으나, 대체로 주야간 다같이 수중조도에 따른 집어율의 변화가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 조명시간 중 집어율이 일정한 증감추세를 보인지 않고, 불안정하게 변동했다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 지하주차장 조명방식의 효율성을 확보하기 위하여 디밍제어와 마이크로웨이브센서기술을 접목하여 새로운 조명제어시스템을 설계 구현한다. 이를 통하여 기존 시스템에 비하여 성능과 비용 측면에서 효율적인 조명체계를 확립하고 궁극적으로 에너지 절감효과를 얻고자 한다. 기존 아파트 지하주차장의 에너지 절감방식은 대부분 설계 당시 설치된 형광등을 전부 운영하지 않고 격등으로 운영하는 방책에 의존하고 있다. 일부에서는 이와 같은 격등 운영을 원활히 하기 위하여 적외선센서를 설치하여 형광등을 점 소등하거나, 타이머를 활용한 형광등의 점등시간을 조절하고 있다. 이러한 기존의 방식은 단순히 설계된 전기사용량에 비해 소모되는 양을 감소시키는 방식으로 체계적인 에너지 절감 효과를 기대할 수 없으며, 방치되는 경우 지속적인 소모가 발생하는 등 매우 비효율적으로 운영되고 있다. 본 조명제어시스템은 마이크로웨이브센서를 통해서 사물을 감지하여 조명등의 점등 시점을 알려주고, LED 형광등의 디밍제어를 통해 환경에 따라 그 밝기를 조정함으로써, 일정한 조도로 상시 점등되는 기존의 지하주차장 조명체계를 획기적으로 개선한다. 본 논문을 통하여 설계된 조명제어시스템을 일반 지하주차장 조명체계에 적용하여 검증을 실시한 결과 최대 약 81.9%의 에너지 절감효과를 얻었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 1990

'The Joobang' is a cooking book written purely in Korean which came from a Mr. Lee. It is unknown when and by whom this book was written, but it is inferred from red pepper mentioned in this book and from Korean-writting type that the book was written around in the mid-nineteenth century. The contents of 'the Joobang' consist of thirty seven items in all : sixteen items of rice alcoholics, five side dishes, eleven Tucks(rice cakes) and Guaja(cookies) and five processed materials. Cereals for making rice alcoholics were regular rice and sticky rice. In the first brew, rice alcoholics is made all from regular rice, and in the second brew, fifty six percent of regular rice and forty four percent of sticky rice was made use of. For five items of alcoholics forming 31.3% of alcoholics, flour was added, in which case the proportion of leaven to cereals was lower. There were four types of processing cereals in brewing rice alcoholics Jee-ae-bop(steamed rice, 60.9%), thick gruel with cereals ground and completely cooked(8.7%), thick gruel with cereals ground and half cooked (26.1%) and GooMung Tuck(doughnut-shaped rice cake, 4.3%). The comparison of the materials for brewing rice alcoholics and of the types of processing cereals presented in the seven cooking books purely in Korean(Umsik Deemeebang, JoobangMoon, Umsikbo, Sool-mandununbop, Kyuhap chongseo. The Kims' Joobangmoon and The Lee's Umsikbup) showed us the following facts ; Yihwajoo (rice alcoholics brewed around the blooming time of pear trees) and Kwahajoo(rice alcoholics which passed the summed time) were most often introduced and commonest, and the materials for brewing and the types of processing little changed over times. The materials for side dishes were all animal food, and vegetable food was little used for side dishes. Red pepper was used for seasoning. It is a problem of Korean traditional cooking that there were no units of measuring for side dishes. The main materials for Tuck(rice cakes) and Guaja(cookies) were sticky rice, regular rice and honey. There was a variety of terms for the process, from which we can see that the procedures of making Tuck(rice cakes) and Guaja(cookies) were very complicate. Processed materials were chiefly made of sticky rice and the material of firewood(oak trees) and the strength of fire(fire burning vigorously and fire turning to ashes) were described.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2004

다중빔 음향탐사 시스템(Multibeam Echosounder system : MBES)은 넓은 지역을 소해측량(swath)하여 전자해도 제작, 고정밀 DEM 획득, 동영상 제작 등에 활용하는 최신 수로측량기술이다. MBES의 정확도향상 연구를 위한 기초연구로서 DGPS와 움직임측정센서(Motion senser)의 측정값을 비교 분석하여 선박의 동적 거동특성을 연구하였다. DGPS를 선체 전후, 좌우에 설치하여 측량한 GPS 위치 값의 수신정확도는 Roll은 ${\pm}0.0016^{\circ}$, Pitch는 ${\pm}0.0009^{\circ}$로 움직임측정센서 값의 정확도 평가가 가능한 양호한 정도를 얻었다. DGPS와 움직임측정센서의 Heading, Pitch, Roll 상관관계는 모두 정상관 관계를 나타냈다. 또한, 각 변화량에 따른 편차량의 상관관계는 정상관 관계이나 탐사선의 급회전, 진동 등과 같은 요소에 의해 편차가 발생 될 것으로 사료된다. GPS에 의한 조위변화량, Heave값은 움직임측정센서 값과 유사하며, GPS속도는 설치장소에 따라 변화가 있어 영향이 가장 적은 선박의 중심선에 설치하는 것이 적당하다. MBES Processor 장치에 입력되는 자이로, 움직임측정센서 값이 DGPS 실시간 관측 값보다 자이로는 15초, Pitch, Roll, Heave는 13초 시간차가 있어 MBES 최종값의 정확도에 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.120-138
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• 2006

A city evolves over time. It grows, transforms, and sometimes degrades. Chuncheon is at a turning point from a city souggling with regulations regarding clean water supply and a military encampment to a masterpiece city with a sustainable vision. The city is getting ready to restructure itself to become a world-famous culture and tourism complex expanding its physical boundary across the Camp Page site and absorbing Jungdo as a major tourist attraction. The landscape in the future blueprint of Chuncheon will play a great role in restructuring urban form. The regenerated in will have a new networked open space system as well as re-evaluated landscape resources. The hybrid theoretical practice called 'landscape urbanism' burgeoning in the fields between 'landscape architecture' and 'urbanism' can guide us in considering the terms of the relationship between a city and landscape when we design a future city Landscape urbanism is considered to be an effective framework by which we can diagnose the current status of a landscape in our contemporary urban design practice in Korea. This paper tries to provide a different perspective from the viewpoint of landscape urbanism to decipher the hidden implications of the social agreement on the role of landscape in urban structure by re-reading eight design proposals presented for the ChunCheon G5 international design competition based on the main principles of landscape urbanism. The G5 design competition is a great opportunity to test out new ideas on a city, demonstrating the relative values among various urban-design professional realms. First, this paper provides an overview of the main ideas of landscape urbanism based on the literature review and case studies. Second, framework categories are suggested in order to extract the explicit and implicit ideas on the landscape. Third, eight proposals are reviewed according to the suggested categories to situate the current landscape design of Korea within the mainstream of contemporary practice of landscape urbanism. Based on the review of eight proposals, the following diagnostic conclusions are made; first, the ideas of landscape urbanism have not been actively introduced in large-scaled urban landscape projects in Korea like Chuncheon G5. Second, it remains to be a big task for landscape professions to be able to participate in design consortiums on an equal footing. Third, In order to introduce and reify the ideas of landscape urbanism in Korea, it is inevitable and critical to test the ideas in both academic fields and professional practices to find the appropriately adjusted model of landscape urbanism.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.223-265
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• 2002

In United States black mothers have consistently been treated as national outsiders, as women whose children, although ostensibly entitled to full citizenship, are in practice rarely provided with equal protection within the nation′s borders or under its laws. From the time he began writing in the aftermath of the failures of national Reconstruction, the African American public intellectual and political activist W. E. B. Du Bois realized that a truly effective anti-racist politics would also have to contend with the particular ways in which U.S. racism targeted black mothers. In short, he understood that an effective anti-racism would necessarily have to be a form of anti-sexism. This article examines the myriad ways in which Du Bois attempted to reconstruct the relationship between race and reproduction in the interest of producing anti-racist, anti-nationalist, as well as internationalist thinking. In so doing it treats the various representations of black maternity and child birth that Du Bois created, and elaborates on the rhetorical and political function of these representations in combating the racialization of national belonging on the one hand, and in articulating universal black citizenship, or what this article theorizes as racial globality on the other. The article begins by considering Du Bois′s attempts to transcend ideas about the racialized reproductive body as a source of national belonging within the United States, particularly his efforts to contest the idea of the reconstructing nation as a white nation reproduced exclusively by white women. Through analysis of Du Bois′s depiction of the birth and death of his son in his monumental work The Souls of Black Folk (1903) it demonstrates his reluctance to build an anti-racist politics founded on the idea that belonging within the nation is something that can be bestowed by one′s mother. The article proceeds by turning to Du Bois less well-known romantic novel, Dark Princess (1928) in which, by contrast, he depicts the birth of a "golden chi1d" who belongs not only within the United States, but within the world. This child, the son of an African American man and an Indian Princess, is cast as a messenger and messiah of a utopian alliance between pan-Asia and pan-Africa. In exploring the relationship between these two reproductive portraits, the article moves from a discussion of Du Bois′s critique of the ideological construction of the U.S. as a white nation reproduced by white progenitors, to an examination the literary figuration of a b1aek mother out of whose womb a black diasporic anti-imperialist alliance springs. In contrast to previous scholarship, which has tended to focus on the critique of U.S. racial nationalism that Du Bois expressed in his early work, or on the internationalism that he later embraced, this article pays close attention to how Du Bois′s anti-nationalist and internationalist politics together subtended by subtle, but constitutive, sexual politics.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제39권
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• pp.179-220
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• 2008

The notion of the 'court' is most unique to ICC arbitration. This paper focuses on what the court is and how it works and what the role and the duties of the Court under the ICC arbitration imply for the KCAB International Arbitration Rules. The Court is an administrative body that administers arbitrations taking place under the ICC Rules of Arbitration. The Court consists of 126 members from 88 countries around the world. Court members participate in decision-making process by way of attending the committee sessions and plenary sessions. At the Court's committee sessions, the Court fixes advance on costs; reviews the prima facie existence of arbitration agreements; fixes the place and language of arbitration, and the number of arbitrator(s); confirms and approves arbitrators; scrutinizes draft awards, determines the costs of arbitration; decides on extensions related to Terms of Reference, draft awards and correction and interpretation of the awards. At the Court's plenary sessions, the Court performs only two responsibilities: the challenge or replacement of arbitrators or the scrutiny of draft awards. The Court is required to scrutinize draft awards involving states or state entities, drafts with huge amounts in dispute or complex technical or legal questions, and as well as draft awards to which a dissenting opinion has been attached. Turning to the KCAB International Arbitration Rules, Article 1(3) provides that the KCAB shall establish an International Arbitration Committee. Further, it is provided that the KCAB shall consult with the said Committee with respect to challenge and replacement/removal of arbitrators pursuant to Article 1(3). The notion and role of the International Arbitration Committee was originally adapted from the Court to ICC arbitration, but its role was quite reduced in the process of enactment of its Rules. Accordingly, I examined the detailed roles of the Court to ICC arbitration in this paper and hereby suggest that the KCAB International Arbitration Rules shall be amended in the following ways: The Secretariat of the KCAB shall: fix advance on costs at the first stage and the costs of arbitration at the final stage of the proceedings; determine the number of arbitrators; review the prima facie of existence of arbitration agreement; confirm arbitrators; decide extensions related to time table, draft awards and correction and interpretation of the awards. I, also, suggest that the arbitral tribunals shall fix the place of arbitration and the language of arbitration and make a final decision on the validity of arbitration agreement. With regard to the International Arbitration Committee, it is desirable for its Rules to empower the Committee to recommend any prospective arbitrator and to review and decide challenge and replacement/removal of arbitrators.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2002

In order to examine the directional suitability of the axis direction of the fishing gear against the current, the experiments were carried out at the bamboo weir in Samchunpo water area from January, 2000 to September, 2001 The results of the study are as follows: In the experimental fishing gear constructed in the "V" shape, the range between two reference piles located at the entrance was 2.5m. The direction of bamboo weir′s axis was 355.5$^{\circ}$ The length of the left wing and those from the reference pile to the starting point of a curve were 106.0m, 7.5m, respectively. The length of the right wing and those from the reference pile to the starting point of a curve were 79.0m, 10.0m, respectively. Depths around the left and right stone wall that drove the steel pile were 5.0~6.5m and 6.5~9.5m, respectively. Also, depths on the bamboo weir′s axis and around the sack were 7.0~8.0m and about 8.0m, respectively. The maximum height of stone walls at the point of the left wing, the right wing and around the sack on the bamboo weir\` axis were 3.0m, 4.7m and 4.0m, respectively, Widths of stone walls at the point of both of the wings and around the sack on the bamboo weir\`s axis were 10.0~l4.0m, 22.0~25.0m, respectively. The averaging current direction on ebb tide was measured two times and it was 169.2$^{\circ}$ but the direction had about a 6.3$^{\circ}$ difference from the bamboo weirs axis. The maximum current speed appeared two to three hours later from the time of high tide and the current speed over 80.0cm/s lasted during about two Hours on the ebb tide In the case of a straight type wing In the bamboo weir, the eddy out of the left wing was comparatively big and the current on the right side from the bamboo weir′s axis had a tendency in turning to the right wing side. But in the case of a curve type wing, the eddy and tendency reduced significantly. It was thought that the experimental fishing gear was set suitably from the result of this simulation.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.614-622
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 수출용 토마토의 파렛트 단위 MAP를 통한 저장 및 유통 가능성을 분석하고 미생물 생육 및 토마토의 품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. Turning 단계에서 수확된 Tabor 토마토를 박스 포장한 후 제작된 MAP 파렛트에 적층하고 나일론 필름을 이용하여 포장하여 혼합기체를 주입하여 초기 기체조성(5% $O_2$, 1% $CO_2$)을 하였다. MAP 및 일반 파렛트를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장하며 감모율, 가용성 고형분 함량, 적정산도, 색변화, 경도 및 페놀화합물함량 변화를 조사하였다. 저장초기 7일 MAP에서는 감모율 및 경도변화가 각각 0.84% 및 0.84N로 관행 파렛트 대비 높게 나타났으나 토마토의 품질에 영향 끼치는 수준은 아닌 반면, 후숙에 따른 총 색변화는 MAP에서 4.72로 관행저장 5.99 대비 21.2% 낮게 나타나 뚜렷한 후숙 지연효과를 나타냈다. 가용성 고형분 함량 및 적정산도는 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 저장방법에 관계없이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 저장 21일차까지 MAP에서 가용성 고형분, 적정산도 감소율이 각각 1.7% 및 1.9% 지연되었다. 뿐만 아니라 페놀화합물의 경우 관행저장에서 12.4%가 감소한 반면 MAP에서는 3.9%가 증가하였다. 그밖에 저장에 따른 부패율은 MAP 파렛트에서 14일차에 10%, 21일차에 35%이상 낮게 나타났으며, 미생물 성장률에서 총호기성 세균 및 곰팡이의 성장률은 MAP 파렛트에서 관행저장 대비 각각 28.8% 및 38.8% 가량 낮게 나타나 곰팡이 억제를 통한 토마토의 상품성 유지에 뛰어난 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과에 비추어볼 때 파렛트 MAP 패널 및 나일론 비닐을 이용한 수출용 토마토의 파렛트 단위 MAP는 실용 가능한 기술로서 토마토의 품질 유지 및 저장기간 연장에 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.