• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.07a
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• pp.133-170
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• 1995

The major objectives of fruit breeding lie in improvement of cultivar, easy to be cultivated and of high quality, in order to produce unexpensive, delicious fruit both for fresh fruit market and processing. Recently, fruit breeding in Korea has contributed to breeding of several superior cultivars in major fruit crops, resulting in appreciable improvement in qualities such as skin color, taste and fruit-bearing habit concerned with productivity. In spite of accomplishments mentioned above, the need for both highly disease-resistant cultivars and long-keeping, physiological disorder-resistant cultivars to meet long distance transsportation in the temperate fruit crops of apples, oriental pears, stone fruits such as peaches, and grapes grown in Korea is rapidly pressing more than ever, as cultivars of today susceptible to pests and diseases and vulnerable to physiological disorders are very expensive and time-consuming in post-harvest handling and management. Thus, imporvements made in the above problems through breeding level will lead to the really enhanced productivity in fruit industry. The major impediments of tree size, the long length of juvenile period and the highly heterogeneous genetic composition to the improvement of fruit crops are responsible for the lower amount and rate of improvements of fruit crops as compared to annuals. Considering the expected limitations of the above problems to be solved through conventional breeding methods and strategy, a turning point of breeding a near perfect cultivar would be laid down if innovative breakthroughs in biological technology will be realized in applying some of the techniques of genetic manipulation at the molecular level to the cultivar improvement of fruit crops, such as the selective insertion of DNA carrying genes that govern desirable characteristics. More than anything else, those traits such as fruiting habit deciding productivity, elements of fruit qualities conditioned by monogene, and disease-and pest-resistance of vital importance for successful fruit growing are urgently desired to be improved by advancement of biotechnology for they are more than difficult and need long period to be attained through conventional breeding method.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.163-194
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• 2022

A transboundary environmental problem refers to an environmental problem that goes beyond a country's territory and damages neighboring countries. It is a difficult problem because, basically, it is a natural, rather than intentional, effect, and it is extremely hard to make a scientific consensus on the cause-effect relations between upstream and downstream nations. Air pollution, especially PM 2.5 and PM 10, is one of the typical cases of transboundary environmental problems in the Northeast Asia. This paper analyzes the constraints of environmental cooperation between China and South Korea to address transboundary air pollution issue. It argues that lack of trust and ideological hostility, rather than, scientific uncertainty, is the biggest obstacle for effective cooperation, and these hostile discourses and ideas are mostly generated by media in the downstream nation, the South Korea. In order to identify how South Korean media frames this issue, this paper searched newspaper articles in the six representative South Korean newspapers during the period of 2014 and 2020, and analyzed about 2,000 articles selected. It finds that South Korean media has framed the transboundary air pollution as a China bashing and related domestic political cleavage issue, while it neglects to show the cooperation attempts that the two countries have made to date. Also, while the media focuses on China hate frame, it has never reported the Chinese government's domestic policies to reduce air pollution and their results. Media's overuse of hate and blame frames not only has disrupted trust building but also it will delay a possible turning point of environmental cooperation between the two countries in the future.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.5-31
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• 2000

The summit meeting of the South North Korean leaders was a turning point in the relationships between the two countries. It was followed by the Red-Cross Meeting, Minister-Level Meeting, economic agreements, which have increased the relationship more colorful in both quantities and qualities. However, the half-century period for separation was too long to overcome all the problems by only one event. The two countries have quite different social systems; one politically strong person is governing the North, while many interest groups are involved in political decision making processes in the South. In short, it would take a long time to settle down all the problems residing between the two countries. A system dynamics model is developed to describe the long term dynamics of the relations between the South and North Koreas. As a first attempt, the model focuses only on the diplomatic meeting issues between the South and North. The model aggregates diplomatic issues into 5 categories; economic issues, security issues, infrastructure, cultural issues, and past problems. It assumes that there would not be any dramatic changes between the two countries. It is a conceptual model composed of around 200 variables, and should not be used as a forecast tool. However, it captures most of the logics discussed in the papers and conferences concerning the South and North Korea relations. Many sensitivity studies and Monte Carlo simulations have shown that the simulation results matches with mental models of experts; that is the model can be used as a learning tool or as a secondary opinion until the data required by the model is collected. In order to analyze the current situation, five scenarios are simulated and analyzed; the functional approach, the conditional approach, the balanced approach, the circumstantial approach, and the strategic approach. The functional approach represents that the South makes efforts in the area where the possibility of agreement is high for the next 10 years. The conditional approach is a scenario where the South impose all difficult issues as conditions for resolving other diplomatic issues. The balanced approach is resolving the five issues with the same priorities, while the circumstantial approach is resolving issues which seem to be resolved easily. Finally, another optimum approach has been seek using the system dynamics model developed. The optimum strategy (it is named as the strategic approach) was strikingly different from other four approaches. The optimum strategy is so complicated that no one could find it with mental model(or by just insights). Considering that the system dynamic model used to find the optimum is a simplifind (maybe over simplified) version of the reality, it is concluded that a well designed system dynamics model would be of great help to resolving the complicated diplomatic problems in any kind.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.164-170
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• 2003

This paper is to evaluate the informational direction, current situations and ERP establishment concerning constructing industry, to present the right directions, implemented cases for implementing constructional ERP, also to suggest the effect, influence, problems and shootings in constructional ERP arena. The constructing industries in korea are facing great turning point because of the huge corruptions currently happened and forcing to open the market in 1997. Attempting to establish Computer Integrated construction system (ERP) by breaking down constructing cost, improving quality, operating rapid and effective construction to enhance productivity, it is hard to achieve the goal with only inter-contractor's establishment. Constructing industries are integrated ones, consisted of many organizations for instance ordering agencies, contractors, subcontractors, material vendors, etc. and use various information formats such as texts, graphics, drawings. I dare suggest that implementation of constructional CALS including EDI/EC, GIS is tile only solution to control the information systematically generated in whole stages from planing, designing, constructing through maintenance, and to supply or switch the information.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 1996

The present pesticide application technology widely used with a power sprayer in Korea is assessed as the problem awaiting solution in the point of view of its ineffectiveness, inefficiency, and environmental contamination. As one approach to get rid of these problems, the boom spraying with ultra-low volume and precision application technology has been recommended. The study was undertaken to investigate plants damages incurred by the self-propelled boom-sprayer vehicle, to develop the design criteria of vehicle wheel, and to compare plant damages caused by the front wheel steering vehicle, the 4-wheel drive vehicle and the articulated vehicle, by the computer simulation. The experiment showed that the amount of damaged plants incurred by the self-propelled boom sprayer were about 0.29% in average in the field size of 100m$\times$50m(0.5ha), about 60~80% of which recovering while growing. The recommandable wheel size was analyzed to be 70~100cm in diameter, 8~15cm in width from the vehicle-plant-soil relationship. The simulation on damaged plants anticipated to be incurred by various steering vehicles showed that the smaller the turning radius, the lesser the damaged plants within its range of 3~5m. Average plant damage rate by the front wheel steering vehicle, the 4-wheel drive vehicle and articulated vehicle was relatively assessed to be 2 : 1.8 : 1.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was attempted to understand the substance and meaning of menopause experienced by women through informal interviews with oral consent. The informants were 6 perimenopausal women of 50-55 years old who are executing menopause. Colaizz's analytical method, a type of phenomenological analysis, was used to analyze data recorded by audiotape. One professor and a master's degree student who understand phenomenology, and the one who has a master of arts examined the validity between the meanings composed of the clusters of themes. Findings were turned out to be valid through validation process as the last step. The meaning of menopause implied both 'concept about menopause' and 'menopause as a time of change'. Menopause was mostly considered as cessation of menstruation as a physiological, natural, and normal process by aging. However, some people regarded menopause as a loss of youth and womanhood and lessening of every function of the body. Menopause as the time of changes means 'the period of' 'hormonal changes' such as change of menstruation, hot flushes, perspiration, and palpitation ; 'body function changes' of visual acuity, physical strength, sleeping, digestion, thoughts, bone and joints, skin sensibility, sexual pattern and intelligence ; 'emotional changes' such as anxiety, loneliness, gloominess, and nervousness. Menopause is a turning point on the women's life cycle accompanying various kind of changes and health problems. Therefore it is inevitable to develop strategy helping menopausal women pass through the critical successfully by adapting and coping with their critical period toward the healthy and better quality of life individually rather than putting them all into the standardized hormonal replacement protocol.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2005

Korea has experienced serious changes during the last several decades of industrialization. Limited land resources and excessive rural-to-urban migration inevitably resulted high-rise apartment housing development. However, apartment housing couldn't follow up social change and residents' needs. Turning into the 21st century, there are great demands for the diversification of housing style and amenity of housing, which include enhancing community lift through proper collective environment. To solve these problems, cohousing has been introduced in Scandinavian countries. A primary goal of cohousing is the desire of residents to live in a socially supportive setting. People can do housework together and also can promote active mutual relationship among residents in the community. Physical feature of cohousing, in combination with social organization factors, may serve to enhance or support the sense of community sought by residents. In this point of view, the purpose of this study is to find out the physical feature of cohousing in Denmark and Sweden. First, it is to figure out the background and development of cohousing in Denmark and Sweden. Then, by making clear physical features between similarity and difference of two countries of cohousing through case study; such as housing type, the circulation patterns, common facilities and etc. This paper could suggest a possibility of application of cohousing in Korea to present how they encourage emphasize design aspects that increase the possibilities for social contacts and the sense of community. Also, it goes on to suggest that the educational program and the support from the government.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Early 20th century Singapore was faced with the problem of overcrowding. The attendant problems of a rapid increase in population density, namely the lack of proper housing and sanitation, resulted in the issue of an appropriate residential environment emerging as an important task in urban planning. It was necessary to construct housing estates in order to solve this issue. At that time, the British colonial government attempted to transplant modern technology into the construction process of a residential complex system. However, Singapore's climate and traditional lifestyle made it impossible to apply the British modern system in a straightforward manner, and in the process, a number of transformations emerged. With a specific focus on the Tiong Bahru estate, one of Singapore's representative public housing projects, from the 1930s through the 1950s, this study intends to look at the way in which such residential estates were assimilated into local surroundings, and the effect of the transplantation of British concepts of modern housing theory. Therefore, the study is divided into an examination of the estate both before and after the turning point of World War II. This study confirms that the difference between the pre-war and post-war planning strategies for the Tiong Bahru estate were made according to the concept of 'open space.'

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.195-217
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• 2008

Providing web-based information literacy is a new turning point in the library instruction. After 2005 many university libraries are adopted to web-based information literacy. However as a result of research found out that initial problems of introduction to web-based information literacy are shown such as the lack of interest and motivation causing factor, the simplicity of providing method and so on. In order to maximize the effectiveness of web-based information literacy, working out in the way how to use library, how to search, demand of information, information ethics are the factors which should be constructed in the overall content aspect of web-based information literacy. Also, understanding and analysis of the tendency of users through the provision of diversity, flexibility of IT technology is based on a secure, and the need to pursue a variety of media are the factors which should be needed the way how to provide.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.243-255
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• 2016

The developed composite index has limits to estimate and predict economic status due to economic pattern change and the response change of explanatory variables. A higher precedence individual indicators should be selected to predict the future accurately. In this study, effectiveness of Jeju Island precedence indicators consists of constituents in the area, the consumer price index, services production index, mining and manufacturing production index. The average temperature of Seogwipo and credit card purchase amount is reviewed as an economic turning point consideration and time lag correlation analysis with real data. In addition, we suggest the proper reference cycle in Jeju composite precedence index and evaluate the configuration in leading indicators for Jeju by comparing national economic indicators. Based on the derived results, the current problems of Jeju Island precedence indicators will be illustrated and the improvement methods to estimate a regional composite index will be suggested.