• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 2002

Network expansion has been an inevitable method for most traffic equilibrium assignments to consider intersection movements such as intersection delays. The drawback of network expansion is that because it dramatically increases network sizes to emulate possible directional movements as corresponding links, not only is complexities for building network amplified, but computational performance is shrunk. This paper Proposes a new variational inequality formulation for a user-optimal traffic equilibrium assignment model to explicitly consider directional delays without building expanded network structures. In the formulation, directional delay functions are directly embedded into the objective function, thus any modification of networks is not required. By applying a vine-based shortest Path algorithm into the diagonalization algorithm to solve the problem, it is additionally demonstrated that various loop-related movements such as U-Turn, P-Turn, etc., which are frequently witnessed near urban intersections, can also be imitated by blocking some turning movements of intersections. The proposed formulation expects to augment computational performance through reduction of network-building complexities.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

In case of treating the functional type of anterior cross bite, removing the cause in early stage prevents from turning to skeletal type, leads to perform normal function, and has improved facial appearance. Functional Regulator III (FR III), one kind of the Functional regulator(FR)s suggested by R$\ddot{o}$lf Fr$\ddot{a}$nkel in 1966, applied to patients with the functional and skeletal anterior crossbite in early mixed, and permanent dentition. This appliance improves unbalanced power condition by blocking abnormal muscle-power effect, so that normal growth can be expected. In this case report, favorable results were obtained by selecting clinical cases of children in their early mixed dentition with functional cross bite. 1. FR IIIs were applied to patients with anterior crossbite for 5~6 months. Anterior crossbite patients were corrected favorably, nevertheless they didn't show any horizontal skeletal-changes by buccal shields. 2. Normal occlusion and esthetic facial contour were achieved from dental movement of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth while the mandible rotates to posterior and inferior direction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2013

This study proposed a map registration method of a building construction plan drawing with shape matching of cadastral parcel polygon. In general, the drawing contains information about a building boundary and a cadastral parcel boundary. The shape of this cadastral parcel boundary should be same as that of the corresponding parcel polygon object in the KLIS continuous cadastral map. Thus, shape matching between two parcel boundary polygons from the drawing and cadastral map could present transformation parameters. Translation and scaling amounts could be obtained by difference of centroid coordinates and area ratio of the polygons, respectively. Rotation amount could be obtained by the rotation that presents the minimum Turning function dissimilarity of the polygons. The proposed method was applied for building construction plan drawings in eAIS for an urban area in Suwon. To assess positional accuracy of map registration, building polygons in registered drawings and aerial photos were compared. According to the accuracy of the cadastral map which is the reference dataset of the proposed method, the RMSE of corresponding buildings' corners was 0.95m and 2.37m in new and old urban areas, respectively.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.79-108
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• 2007

"Printing is an Art of reproduction & a Technique of However printing has extended its limitation from a genre of reproduction itself and now it stands on the turning point as an art such as painting or sculpture which expresses artist's originality. Early Printing has had relations in depth with press printing in terms of information recording, preservation, and transmission. It was acknowledged value in a way of information satisfaction different from how it is valued as a pure art today. But, later printing has transferred its function from a mean of reproduction to pure art due to the development of printing skills and photography invention. It can be said that the concept of modern printing is taking over its genealogy as a creative work not as just printing. Also its expression capability is widen to dimensional printing and high-tech multimedia from original tradition techniques. As we discussed above, modern painting is very open to various changes. This modern painting aspect can be seen as an extended interpretation of 'board' concept. This dissertation raises a question why monotype and monoprint couldn't secure its position in printing history in spite of numerous artists' tryouts in its way. Monotype and monoprint fundamentally based on intaglio technique in its history. Yet, its systematic study hasn't been worked out. This is because of the lack of recognition of monotype and monoprint's originality as printing. Especially in monoprint, it has known as an early stage in copperplate printing process which is an attempt to solve the technique limitation or trial work for edition. Likewise the reason why monotype and monoprint remains at the edge of printing border ambiguously is because of conceptual, technical characteristics which are against traditional printing. In traditional printing, the concept of board is important as a method of reproduction. Different from the fact, monotype and monoprint accept the form of medium 'board' conceptually out of limited condition as mentioned. Thus monotype and monoprint hasn't stand out for several reasons until late 20th century when it started come out to public as people starts to have interests that works from famous artists are actually based on monotype and monoprint. This dissertation likes to step into the monotype and monoprint theoretically which is not well known in domestic and try to study the meaning of monotype and monoprint as a printing medium which is also hasn't been considered sincerely. For this study the process follow as below. First, look into how monotype and monoprint has a concept and history. Next, check differences through comparison with traditional printing and how printing can be understood in what aspects at the same time. After, verify how monotype and monoprint have influence on the acceptance of extended concept of 'board'. This study will show the expressional possibility of monotype and monoprint which has already known as 'tableau printing' in today's situation where adventurous experiments of printing medium are going on with the development of technology.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.127-138
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• 2012

Unlike the first generation of Korean Wave (Hallyu 1.0), which mainly refers to the exports of Korean TV dramas via broadcasting systems, the New Korean Wave (Hallyu 2.0) era has been brought by K-pop (Korean popular music) via the rapid growth of social media. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of this significant shift in media on global fans and their way of adopting Korean cultural goods from a social capital perspective, in order to draw some implications for the current Korean content industries. Most global fans of K-pop are young and use social media to access digital content and share their opinions spontaneously. SNS providers such as YouTube and Facebook not only act as information providers to usher the fans to online music retailers; but also function as links between these fans and cultural producers by turning bonding social capital into bridging social capital. Telecommunication and advertising companies participate in this market as a third party by providing funds for supporting digital circulation and distribution. In this multi-sided market with the interdependent agents, it is extremely important to secure a platform that leads the evolution of its business ecology. Without owning the platform, there is also a very little chance to produce linking social capital as a means to maximize the impact of New Korean Wave.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 1998

As automobile drivers' desires become ever diversified with the spreading phenomenon of 'characteristic automobile decorations', it is feared that the design quality may be deteriorated, while the safety be retarded in terms of performance and function. In Korea, the 'Dress-up tuning' becomes the source of the social criticism because of lack of relevant codes and professional tuning services, while automobile drivers are excessively having their automobiles overdressed ignoring the overall aesthetic aspect and functions. Under such a circumstance, this study was aimed at reviewing the practices and dress-up accessories by each automobile part of those foreign automobile makers and professional tuners who have introduced the concept of 'customizing' and developed dress-up accessories and various tuning parts only to satisfy their customers' tuning needs. It is anticipated that automobile styling would tend more to pursue a 'coordination' featuring ordinary consumers' individualistic senses, while customers' needs reflecting their life styles be more refined. Meanwhile, Korean automobile consumers have accommodated the product designs : presented within the producers' frameworks, but they are expected to pursue the design values varying according to changing structures of production, society and industry as well as the resultant design activities. In all, makers and designers are requested to be aware of such changing environment structures and thereby, explore other alternatives, or reflect seriously on the socio-cultural implications inherent in the products, namely on the production and consumption of people's favorites.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1970

In recent observations on vestibular eye movements in mammals, reported by several different workers, it was indicated that the pattern of reflex eye movement from semicircular canal nerve stimulation in rabbits was different from that observed in the other species such as cats and dogs. Observing the different anatomical features of the extraocular muscles of rabbits, Kim ascribed the different pattern of eye movement of rabbits to the functional difference of inferior and superior oblique muscles from those of other species. Present experiment was carried out to elucidate a physiological mechanism underlying in such particular pattern of reflex eye movement in rabbits. An individual canal nerve was selectively stimulated, under a dissecting microscope, by a fine electrode induced into an ampulla through a hole provided on the wall of corresponding osseous canal, and responses of the extraocular muscles were checked by recording the isotonic changes of muscle length. Following results were obtained. 1. Direct stimulation of the superior or inferior oblique muscles Produced upward or downward movement of the eye turning toward medial side respectively. 2. Stimulation of the unilateral canal nerve Produced a marked contraction of a main contracting ocular muscle and simultaneous relaxation of an antagonistic muscle in both eyes. Less potent contraction of an additional ocular muscle was observed and it appeared to augment the function of the main contracting muscle in the ipsilateral eye. 3. Stimulation of superior semicircular canal nerve caused a primary contraction of superior rectus, synergic contraction of superior oblique and relaxation of inferior rectus in ipsilateral eye. Contraction of inferior oblique and relaxation of superior oblique were observed in the contralateral eye. 4. Stimulation of lateral semicircular canal nerve produced a primary contraction of medial rectus, synergic contraction of superior oblique and relaxation of lateral rectus in the ipsilateral eye. Contraction of lateral rectus and relaxation of medial rectus were observed in the contralateral eye. 5. Stimulation of inferior semicircular canal nerve produced a primary contraction of superior oblique, synergic contraction of superior rectus and relaxation of inferior oblique in the ipsilateral eye. Contraction of. inferior rectus and relaxation of superior rectus were observed in the contralateral eye. 6. Upon stimulation of individual canal nerve, the pattern of eye movement in rabbits is different from those of cats, however, the responses of the extraocular muscles appear to be similar in two species. Therefore, it is concluded that the different Pattern of eye movement in both species are not due to the possible difference of vestibule-ocular reflex pathways but to the functional difference of superior and inferior oblique muslces.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.197-220
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• 2011

The smartphone is simply beyond the means of communication equipment, to line up the turning point of mobile convergence, is recognized as a service tool of new concept the camera, game, multimedia function, digital multimedia broadcasting, mobile internet etc, that use of smartphone is working toward developed a variety and new business models. The study is empirically studied casualties that self-determination influences flow and satisfaction which is intrinsic motivation of smartphone. There are many studies on flow, is intrinsic motivation, influencing satisfaction and Loyalty, but there are little studies which variables influences flow. this study is explore causality of autonomy, competence, relatedness which are major variables of self-determination theory that studied factors effecting intrinsic motivation influencing flow and satisfaction. This study developed a research model to explain the use of smartphone, and collected 670 survey responses from the office workers of seoul S company who had experiences with such smartphone. To prove the validity of the proposed research model, SEM analysis is applied with valid 670 questionnaires. The results, firstly, autonomy positively influences flow. secondly, competence significantly influences flow. thirdly, relatedness significantly influenced flow. also, upper above results shows that flow influences satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.347-359
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• 2016

People are destined to live according to the time and fate after they are born. Man is connected with the idea that is called the Chinese zodiac sign related to one out of 12 animals, regardless of one's thought. This paper was written with the expectation that it will be a new turning point understanding the mutual influence and its changing process by catching the ethnic belief and emotion as well as its cultural background in the Asian Zone by investigating the meaning of the 12 Chinese zodiac shown in the folk painting from the viewpoint of folk lore including "Chinese zodiac sign" culture rooted in our daily lives. The animal 'Rat' has been lived well human beings accompanied by the fable or the nature, while the animal 'Ox' has been living together with human history. The 'Tiger' has been considered the 'Power retreating disease or a devil' to humans, which is the most frightening but near at hand. The 'Rabbit' in the fable is inculcating hope and ideals to humans. The imaginary 'Dragon' is rooted in the deep national belief, which is seated as 'Guardian god' of farming culture and mankind, while the 'Snake' is playing a role in protecting humans as the 'Sea God' in Tsushima and Jeju Island, and has been believed and followed in the deep mind of humans. The 'Horse' in the nomad culture has been adorned as the basic creature of nomadic society in the character of a psychic medium between the human and god or their 'Guardian god'. The ancient Japanese regarded 'Monkey' as holy, being connected with treasure. It infers a human's desire to borrow wisdom from 'Monkey'. 'Chicken' includes the meaning of a lucky sign connecting the sky and the human world by arranging together with humans. The 'Dog' is believed and followed as performing the function of a messenger connecting this world with the afterlife in the next world tale of shamanism. The 'Pig' also lives well with humans, being interpreted as fecundity. Although the meaning of the 12 Chinese Zodiac animals has ethnic differences, all of them have been shared with humans, rooted in the human mind, being believed, and followed in human lives.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

In nature, to change the consciousness of those who wish to pursue something new, the road is turning function-oriented 'Walking Path' into purpose-oriented 'Walking Trails'. Though 'Walking Trails' is a long linear journey that leads people to see, to feel and to experience while walking on the trail, but considering on the landscape of trails when selecting routes is lacking. Landscapes, which are felt and perceived while walking on the trail, provide a purpose, and can be an important factor to improve visitor satisfaction. However, the study is insufficient in terms of landscape of trails. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to find ways to help improving visitors' satisfaction in selecting routes, by analyzing the images and preferences of trails landscapes that are visually perceived, by analyzing the correlation between visitors' satisfaction and them. For this study, landscape assessment was carried out after selecting representative landscape photos of BukhansanDulegil 13 sections and landscape images adjectives for landscape assessment. Through the assessment, analyze landscape images of each section, landscape images factors affecting a wish to walk and landscape preferences, relationship between visitors' satisfaction and them. 'Refreshing' image was higher on the path with many trees and less artificial elements; 'urban' image was higher on the path with artificial elements. 'A wish to walk' and 'landscape preference' was higher on the path showed 'refreshing' and 'pastoral' image with many natural elements. Factors affecting 'a wish to walk' were "refreshing-unpleasant", "impressive-ordinary", factors affecting 'landscape preference' were "refreshing-unpleasant", "comfortable-uncomfortable". In addition, landscape preference was found to have a high correlation with visitors' satisfaction.