• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1865-1871
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• 2015

Ship's trim is the one of the most important factor for safety at the sea. Turning circle test and Z-test were carried out to find the effect of ship's trim and draft changes. The results are as follows. 1. If the ship's draft and trim became large, turning circle would be wide. 2. If the ship's draft and trim became large, ship's drift angle would be small. Small drift angle made wide turning circle. 3. Trim by the head made slow ship's final speed when turning circle test. 4. By Z-test, the deeper draft and trim by the stern made small OSA. Small OSA means strong ship's stability. 5. Totally 2nd OSA is smaller than 1st OSA on Z-test. 6. There were small differences of 2nd OSA in trim by the stern, but there were large OSA in trim by the head. 7. The larger trim by the stern, the smaller OSW. The small OSW means better ship's stability and maneuverability.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1986

Turning property of metal is affected by the cutting condition, tool geome- try and cutting material. But the turning property of welded material is not welknown. Welded structures usually contain nonhomogeneity, defects and resi- dual stresses due to differential contraction between welded metal and base metal. In this paper, authors conducted the experimental test on the turning property, by changing turning condition and welding electrodes of the welded specimens. The results obtained in these experimental tests are as follows; (1) Within the limit of this experimental test, the cutting force of the weld zone is bigger than that of base metal, and this phenomena is caused by the different mechanical property of the weld zone. The range of the variation of cutting force in the weld zone is caused by the nonhomogeneity of the weld zone, respectively. (2) The surface roughness follows the general characteristic of the effect of cutting condition on the surface roughness and the surface roughness of the weld zone shows coarse surface comparing with that of the base metal. (3) The specimen welded by the electrode E4301, shows worse cutting property than that of E4361 and E4313.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was intended to discover the effect of the turning training on figure of 8 tract on stroke patients' static and dynamic balance, as well as walking. Methods: A total of 42 stroke patients participated in this study. The training group was trained on the figure of 8 tract, while the control group was trained on the straight path for 30 minutes per day, for 4 weeks. Berg balance scale was used to measure the balance of the patients, before and after the training, and Good balance system was used to measure the sway speed and the distance of COG while standing. To measure the ability of walking, TUG and FSST were also used. Results: There were significant increases in the average score of Berg balance scale, in both groups after the training, and also significant difference between both groups were observed. The training group showed significant differences in the static balance ability, as well as anteroposterior and mediolateral sway speed. Further, there were significant increases in the dynamic balance ability, COP total distance, and TUG in both groups. The results showed more differences in comparing the control group with that of the training group. In FSST, there was no change in the control group, but there was a significant increase in the training group. Conclusion: Turning training on figure of 8 tract in stroke patients significantly increased the static and dynamic balance and walking ability. Based on the results, it can be seen that the training on the figure of 8 tract can influence the ability of balance and walking, which can lead to appropriate reactions to the change of environment and various tasks. Thus, it is assumed that turning training on figure of 8 tract as a means of improving the condition of stroke patients can be a meaningful program.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Background: In the stroke patients with the characteristics of hemiplegic gait, turning direction of the affected and unaffected side influences turning time. Therefore, it is important to investigate the walking response to turning directions in stroke patients. Objects: This study aimed to measure the walking time while turning direction in hemiplegic patients depending on balance ability measured by Berg Balance Scale. Methods: A group of forty-five subjects with stroke (Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}46$ were twenty-eight, Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$ were seventeen) were enrolled in this study. Subjects were asked to perform the Timed Up and Go test. Testing indications included two directions for turning in each subject. These indications were for turning toward the affected and unaffected side in stroke patients. The duration of total analysis duration, sit to stand phase, stand to sit phase, mid-turning phase, and end turning phase were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test in the group that are below and above 45 points of Berg Balance Scale score. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: There were significant increase time in the analysis duration and end turning phase duration while subjects were turned the unaffected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$ (p<.05). However, the comparison between the affected side and the unaffected side in the stroke patients with Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}46$, revealed no significant differences of the measured parameters. Conclusion: This finding should be suggested in the specific definition of turning direction for evaluation with Timed Up and Go test in the Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$, and other intervention for hemiplegic patients need to be suggested the direction of turning during walking training program.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1984

Up to now, it has been common to treat the maneuvering motion of a ship as a 3-degree-freedom motion i.e. surge, sway and yaw on the sea surface, for the simplicity and mathematical calculation, and it is quite acceptable in the practical point of view. Meanwhile, considering the maneuverability of a ship under the special conditions such as in irregular waves, in wind or at high speed with small GM value, it is required that roll effect must be considered in the equation of ship motion. In this paper the author tried to build up the 4-degree-freedom motion equation by adding roll. And then, applying the M.M.G.'s mathematical model and with captive model test results the roll-coupled hydrodynamic derivatives were found. With these the author could make some simulating program for turning and zig-zag steering. Through the computer simulations, the effect of roll to the ship maneuver became clear. The effect of the wind force to the maneuverability was also found. Followings are such items that was found. 1) When roll is coupled in the maneuvering motion, the directional stability becomes worse and the turning diameter becomes smaller as roll becomes smaller as roll becomes larger. 2) When maneuver a ship in the wind, the roll becomes severe and the directional stability becomes worse. 3) When a ship turns to the starboard side, the wind blowing from 90 degree direction to starboard causes the largest roll and the largest turning diameter, and the wind from other direction doesn't change the turning diameter. 4) When a ship is travelling with a constant speed with rudder amidship, if steady wind blows from one direction, the ship turns toward that wind. This phenomenon is observed in the actual seaways.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 수확시 숙성 정도가 토마토의 저장 중 품질변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 그린하우스에서 재배된 'Rafito' 품종을 각각 turning, pink, red 단계에 수확한 후 $30{\mu}m$ PE 필름으로 포장한 후 $5^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$에 두어 1주일 간격으로 경도, 가용성 고형분 함량, 적정산도, 색, 라이코펜 함량, 부패율, 저온장해율을 조사하였다. 저장 3주 이후에 $5^{\circ}C$에서는 저온장해가 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 부패가 높게 발생되었다. $5^{\circ}C$에서는 수확 후 품질변화가 거의 없으므로 완숙과인 red 토마토의 품질 유지에 적합하였나, turning과 pink 토마토는 수확후 숙성과정이 억제되어 저장 2주 후에도 미숙한 상태에 머물렀다. Turning과 pink 토마토를 수확 후 $10^{\circ}C$에 저장하면 수확기에 비해 품질이 향상되었다. 특히, turning 토마토는 $10^{\circ}C$에 2주간 저장할 경우 연화는 억제되어 경도가 높게 유지되면서도, 착색이 완성되고 SSC/TA가 증가하며 라이코펜 함량이 완숙과 수준으로 증가되어 내 외부 품질이 가장 우수하였다. 따라서 red 단계에서 수확된 'Rafito' 토마토의 경우 부패를 억제할 수 있는 $5^{\circ}C$ 저장이 바람직하며, red 단계보다 미숙한 상태에서 수확할 경우 저온에서는 후숙에 의한 품질형성이 억제되므로 $10^{\circ}C$가 적정 온도인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(한국공작기계학회)
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• pp.3-7
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• 2001

In this study, the effect of WC and group IV elements on the cutting performance in turning is investigated. The composition of WC was changed from 5 to 20% to determine the effect of WC on the cutting performance of cermet tool. The more WC was added, the longer the tool life of the cermet tool was. The cermet with 20% WC showed the best fracture toughness. The cermet tool with 20% WC showed the best cutting performance among the various WC composition. The effect of group IV elements ; ZrC, ZrN and HfC was also investigated by adding each of them to manufacture the cermet tool with fixed 14% WC composition. The cermet with 1% group IV HfC and 14% WC showed the best cutting performance among the investigated cermet tools.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 기존 신호운용체계의 효율적인 운용과 안전한 보행자 통행시간을 보장한다는 전제하에, 신호교차로 에서 보행자신호로 인해 발생하는 불합리한 좌회전차량의 꼬리물림현상과 우회전차량 진행불가현상이 직진 교통류에 미치는 소통장애를 해소하는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 방안은 차량직진신호 점등 후 몇 초 정도의 시차(步行者信號 前時間)를 두고 보행자신호를 운용함으로써 보행이 시작되기 전에 회전교통류가 교차로에서 소거되도록 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 첨두시간에 교차로에서 보행자신호 전시간을 점차 확장시키는 방법으로 좌회전 꼬리물림$\cdot$우회전 진행불가차량 발생현상을 현장조사 하였으며, 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보행자신호 전시간을 연장할수록 직진교통류 소통장애를 야기하는 좌회전 꼬리물림현상과 우회전 진행불가현 상이 현저히 감소하였다. 둘째, 교차로와 횡단보도간의 대기공간이 수용할 수 있는 범위 내에서는 좌회전 꼬리물림차량과 우회전 진행불가차량도 직진차량에 장애를 주지 않았다. 셋째, 이중 횡단보도에서는 신호현시체계상 좌회전 꼬리물림현상이 발생치 않으며 우회전 진행불가현상은 충분한 대기공간으로 인해 직진차량에 미치는 영향이 미미하였다. 검증 결과 보행자신호 전시간 부여는 교차로 소통효율성 증진에 유의한 것으로 판단되었으며 이를 운용하기 위해서는 회전교통량과 횡단보도의 위치$\cdot$종류에 따라 개개 교차로별로 보행자신호 전시간이 설정되어야 한다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1012-1015
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the specific cutting energy characteristics during turning SM45C steel. Using the orthogonal array method the specific cutting energy has been predicted. And the significance of the equation is checked by ANOVA test. Predicted values of specific cutting energy are well concide with the measured ones. When the feed rate becaomes larger than 0.5mm/rev, predicted specific cutting energy increases.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2002

The noise and vibration of rolling piston-type compressors used in the most of the airconditional system is a serious and important problem occurred during turning on and off as well as during operating. To analyze the vibration occurred during turning on and oft, the vibration analysis of motor-compressor coupling is required. In this paper, through modeling of the motor, solving the force from the equations of motion of the moving parts and considering the stiffness of the rubber mounts, the analysis of vibration was performed.