• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.720-727
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• 2008

Time delay effects on near-wall turbulent structures are investigated by performing a large-eddy simulation of a transient turbulent flow in a pipe. To elucidate the time delay effects on the near-wall turbulence, we selected the dimensionless acceleration parameter which was used in the previous study. Various turbulent statistics revealed the distinctive features of the delay. It was shown that the dynamic Smagorinsky model is valid to capture the alterations of the turbulence physics well. A dimensionless time for the responses of the flow quantities was introduced to give the detailed information on the delay of the nearwall turbulence. The conditionally-averaged flow fields associated with Reynolds shear stress producing events show that sweep and ejections are closely related to the delays of the turbulence production and the turbulence propagation toward the pipe center. The present study suggested that the enhanced anisotropy of the turbulence in the initial and transient stages would be a challenging problem to standard turbulence models.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.301-312
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• 1983

Experimental results for the variation of the flow characteristics and heat transfer coefficients in the entrance region of concentric annular pipe with artificial roughness are compared with the theoretical results by numerical analysis. In the experiments, velocity profiles, pressure gradients and heat transfer coefficients were measured with variation of the Reynolds number for the constant ratio of pitch to height at the hydrodynamic entry region. Wall temperature of inner heated pipe with constant heat flux was measured at thermal entry region after the hydrodynamically fully developed region of flow. Experimental data agree well with numerical predictions. Both results show that turbulent flow of annular pipe with artificial roughness is fully developed thermally much faster than that of smooth pipe. Nusselt number of annular pipe with roughness is much higher than that of smooth pipe. However the ratios of Nusselt number of annular pipe with artificial roughness to that of smooth pipe does not vary with Reynolds number.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.733-739
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• 1999

A modified low-Re $k-\varepsilon$ model is used for the calculation of drag-reducing turbulent flow by polymer injection in a pipe. With the viscoelastic model, molecular viscosity in the definition of turbulent viscosity is related to elongations viscosity of the solution to account for the effects of drag reduction. Finite volume method is used for the discretization, and power-law scheme is used as a numerical scheme. Computed dimensionless velocity profiles are in good agreements with the experimental data in case of low drag reductions. However, in case of high drag reductions, they deviate largely from the measurements in the central zone of the flow field.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.966-972
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• 2006

A numerical simulation is performed fur developing turbulent flow in a strongly curved 180 deg pipe and its downstream tangent by a new solution code(PowerCFD) which adopts an unstructured cell-centered method. The governing equations are discretized as the full elliptic from of the equations of motion. Three typical two-equation turbulence models of low-Reynolds-number form are used to approximate the turbulent stress field. Solutions fur both streamwise and circumferential velocity components are compared with the experimental data by Azzola et at.(1986). The ${\kappa}-{\omega}$ model by Wilcox(1988) is found to give better prediction performance than the other two. Predicted secondary velocities and streamwise velocity component contours at sequential longitudinal stations are also presented in order to enable a detailed description of the complete flow. It is also found that, in the bend both mean streamwise and secondary velocities never achieve a fully-developed state and the code is capable of producing very well the complex nature of steady flow in a strongly curved pipe.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.138-152
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• 1996

Many studies of heat transfer on the swirling flow or unswirled flow in a abrupt pipe expansion are widely carried out. The mechanism is not fully found evidently due to the instabilities of flow in a sudden change of the shape and appearance of turbulent shear layers in a recirculation region and secondary vortex near the corner. The purpose of this study is to obtain data through an experimental study of the swirling flow and heat transfer downstream of an abrupt expansion in a circular pipe with uniform heat flux. Experiments were carried out for the turbulent flow nd heat transfer downstream of an abrupt circular pipe expansion. The uniform heat flux condition was imposed to the downstream of the abrupt expansion by using an electrically heated pipe. Experimental data are presented for local heat transfer rates and local axial velocities in the tube downstream of an abrupt 3:1 & 2:1 expansion. Air was used as the working fluid in the upstream tube, the Reynolds number was varied from 60, 00 to 120, 000 and the swirl number range (based on the swirl chamber geometry, i.e. L/d ratio) in which the experiments were conducted were L/d=0, 8 and 16. Axial velocity increased rapidly at r/R=0.35 in the abrupt concentric expansion turbulent flow through the test tube in unswirled flow. It showed that with increasing axial distance the highest axial velocities move toward the tube wall in the case of the swirling flow abrupt expansion. A uniform wall heat flux boundary condition was employed, which resulted in wall-to-bulk temperatures ranging from 24.deg. C to 71.deg. C. In swirling flow, the wall temperature showed a greater increase at L/d=16 than any other L/d. The bulk temperature showed a minimum value at the pipe inlet, it also exhibited a linear increase with axial distance along the pipe. As swirl intensity increased, the location of peak Nu numbers was observed to shift from 4 to 1 step heights downstream of the expansion. This upstream movement of the maximum Nusselt number was accompanied by an increase in its magnitude from 2.2 to 8.8 times larger than fully developed tube flow values.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1991

Dilute polymer solutions were injected into turbulent pipe flow of a Newtonian fluid. The local drag reduction for injection of polymer solution at the pipe wall was larger than that at centerline. From the above result we may conclude that the polymer additives were found to influence the flow in the neighborhood of the wall. The effects of the injection apparatus on the local drag reduction are small compared to the drag-reducing effects. The extent of drag reduction increased with polymer concentration and injection flow rate, and the maximum drag reduction obtained were 47% for Polyox Coagulant and 35% for Separan AP-273. In respect to polymer degradation, the polyacrylamide showed better shear stability than the polyethyleneoxide and thus the former expected to have a sharper molecular weight distribution.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1282-1289
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 원관내에서 동적으로 완전히 발달한 난류맥동유동에서 관벽에 서 균일한 열유속이 주어지는 경우에 대하여 난류모델로서 K-.epsilon. 2방정식 모델을 적용 하여 수학적인 모델을 세운 후 이를 수치적으로 해석하였다. 그 결과 시간평균 레이 놀즈수가 10000인 경우에 대하여 Strouhal수가 0.0005에서 0.05 그리고 맥동속도진폭 이 0.8이하인 맥동류에 대한 열전달 특성을 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.3335-3344
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• 1994

The initial flow characteristics of the turbulent circular jet discharging into the sudden expansion pipes have been investigated by the hot wire anemometry. Evolutions of similarity, centerline behavior, jet boundary and typical turbulent quantities were looked into for the expansion ratios. The results show that the spreading rates of discharging jet seem not to be dependent of the expansion ratio and that the velocity profiles in the radial directions exhibit the similarity in the regions, 2-5d, 2-6d and 3-8d for the corresponding expansion rations of 2, 3 and 5, respectively. With the increase of expansion ratio the centerline velocity decays rather slowly. The anisotropic behaviors of the discharging jets into the sudden expansion pipe look stronger than those of the free jet.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.396-405
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• 1995

Numerical calculations are carried out for the swirling turbulent flow in a pipe. Calculations are made for the flow with swirl parameter of 2.25 and the Reynolds number of 24,300. The turbulence closure models used in these calculations are two different types of Reynolds stress model, and the results are compared with those of $k-{\varepsilon}$ model and the experimental data. The finite volume method is used for the discretization, and the power-law scheme is employed as a numerical scheme. The SIMPLE algorithm is used for velocity-pressure correction. The computational results show that GL model gives the results better than those of SSG model in the predictions of velocity and stress components.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

Lots of researches were gone already about grooving corrosion mechanism of ERW carbon steel pipe. But there is seldom study for water hammer happened by fluid and acceleration of corrosion rate by incresed flow velocity. Therefore, in this study carried out the analysis based on hydrodynamic and fracture mechanics. Analyzed stress that act on a pipe using ANSYS as a program, and also FLUENT and STAR-CD were used for flow phenomenon confirmation. As the result, fatigue failure is happened by water hammer and corrosion rate was increased because of turbulent flow.