• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-81
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• 1997

Numerical prediction of nocturnal thermal high in summer of the 1995 near Taegu city located in a basin has been carried out by a non-hydrostatic numerical model over complex terrain through one-way double nesting technique in the Z following coordinate system. Under the prevailing westerly winds, vertical turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat over mountains for daytime hours are quite strong with a large magnitude of more than $120W/\textrm{m}^2$, but a small one of $5W/\textrm{m}^2$ at the surface of the basin. Convective boundary layer (CBL) is developed with a thickness of about 600m over the ground in the lee side of Mt. Hyungje, and extends to the edge of inland at the interface of land sea in the east. Sensible heat flux near the surface of the top of the mountain is $50W/\textrm{m}^2$, but its flux in the basin is almost zero. Convergence of sensible heat flux occurs from the ground surface toward the atmosphere in the lower layer, causing the layer over the mountain to be warmed up, but no convergance of the flux over the basin results from the significant mixing of air within the CBL. As horizontal transport of sensible heat flux from the top of the mountain toward over the basin results in the continuous accumulation of heat with time, enhancing air temperature at the surface of the basin, especially Taegu city to be higher than $39.3^{\circ}C$. Since latent heat fluxes are $270W/\textrm{m}^2$ near the top of the mountain and $300W/\textrm{m}^2$ along the slope of the mountain and the basin, evaporation of water vapor from the surface of the basin is much higher than one from the mountain and then, horizontal transport of latent heat flux is from the basin toward the mountain, showing relative humidity of 65 to 75% over the mountain to be much greater than 50% to 55% in the basin. At night, sensible heat fluxes have negative values of $-120W/\textrm{m}^2$ along the slope near the top of the mountain and $-50W/\textrm{m}^2$ at the surface of the basin, which indicate gain of heat from the lower atmosphere. Nighttime radiative cooling produces a shallow nocturnal surface inversion layer with a thickness of about 100m, which is much lower than common surface inversion layer, and lifts extremely heated air masses for daytime hours, namely, a warm pool of $34^{\circ}C$ to be isolated over the ground surface in the basin. As heat transfer from the warm pool in the lower atmosphere toward the ground of the basin occurs, the air near the surface of the basin does not much cool down, resulting in the persistence of high temperature at night, called nocturnal thermal high or tropical night. High relative humidity of 75% is found at the surface of the basin under the moderate wind, while slightly low relative humidity of 60% is along the eastern slope of the high mountain, due to adiabatic heating by the srong downslope wind. Air temperature near the surface of the basin with high moisture in the evening does not get lower than that during the day and the high temperature produces nocturnal warming situation.

• 지구물리
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2005

Turbulent fluxes of heat, water vapor, and CO2 have been measured since August, 2003 at Dasan Station (78o 55’ N, 11o50’E) in the Arctic. These data can allow us to better understand the interactions between the Polar ecosystems and the atmosphere together with those at King Sejong Station in the Antarctic. Due to the buildings and measurement platforms around the flux tower, it is required to evaluate how they influence measured flux data. By using one-year turbulence statistics data and footprint model, flux footprint climatology was analyzed together with data availability. The upwind distance of source area ranged from 150 to 300 m, where the buildings and measurement platforms existed. However, flow distortion due to them may be not a major factor to reduce the data availability significantly. Based on, the dominant wind direction of SW and footprint climatology, the location of flux tower is considered suitable for flux measurement.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.923-932
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 복합화력발전소 가스터빈 출구가스 안내덕트 내부의 가스유동장이 배열회수보일러 전열기구에 미치는 영향을 CFD기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 안내덕트 내부 난류흐름의 경우, 유속의 편차가 크고 선회 효과 및 상승류 현상이 심한 특징을 가지고 있음으로 이와 같은 유동의 수치해석을 위해 2개 방정식 난류점성 모델 중 RNG k-${\epsilon}$ 모델을 사용하였으며 유동장의 영향을 가장 많이 받는 배열 회수보일러 최종과열기관의 열전달특성변화를 파악하기 위하여 NTU 방식을 이용한 수치해석결과와, 산업계에서 적용하는 설계기법에 의한 결과를 비교하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2000

The present numerical study investigates heat transfer enhancement mechanism for suspensions of polystyrene particles in water. Numerical simulations were done for turbulent hydrodynamic fully developed flows in a circular duct with constant wall heat flux. The experimental result of microparticle suspensions show 25∼45% heat transfer enhancement over those of water. The present numerical results show the main parameter for the heat transfer enhancement of microparticle suspension in a circular duct is the change of velocity profile by the non-Newtonian fluid behavior.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1991

An experimental result for heat transfer of pulsating turbulent pipe flow was presented under the condition of fully developed dynamic regime and uniform wall heat flux. Experiments were performed at following conditions ; Inlet time-averaged Reynolds number varied from 5000 to 11000; The peak pressure fluctuation were 1.3, 2.3 and 3.5 percent of the mean pressure; Pulsating frequency ranged from 53 Hz to 320 Hz The measurements showed that the effect of pulsation on local heat transfer is greater at downstream, in which pulsating source exists, than upstream and the heat transfer rate, averaged over the pipe length, was higher or lower than in an equivalent non-pulsating flow according to the pulsating conditions. In addition, the significant change of heat transfer rate was observed in acoustically resonant conditions, when the pulsating frequency of the flow corresponded to the pipe natural frequency.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2003

A numerical procedure for analyzing the heat transfer in a regenerative cooling passage of liquid rocket has been developed. The thermal analysis is based on the numerical model of Naraghi〔1〕. The thermodynamic and transport properties of the combustion gases are evaluated using the chemical equilibrium composition. The pressure and heat flux obtained by the isentropic relation are in good agreement with the result of Navier-Stokes equations. The effect of design parameters on heat transfer is addressed for the pressure loss and temperature variation. Also, their constraints in designing the cooling passage are recommended. Finally, in a heated rectangular duct, the effects of secondary flow on heat transfer are scrutinized by the nonlinear k- e -fu of Park et at.〔2〕.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.118-123
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• 2000

This experimental study was conducted to figure out the characteristics of convective heat transfer in non boiling vertical downward flow with polymer additives. This experiment was studied in 26mm diameter, 800mm heating length and $1{\times}10^5W/m^2$ heat flux. The polymer concentration ranged from 0PPM to 500PPM with corresponding from Reynolds number $3.3{\times}10^4$ to $6.8{\times}10^4$ in non boiling vertical downward flow. Experimental results show that the characteristics of convective heat transfer was a strong function of polymer concentration and it has decreased with increasing the polymer concentration in non boiling vertical downward flow.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2003

가열벽이 있는 4각단면 채널에서 3차원 열전달이 비선형 k-ε-fμ 모형과 큰에디모사법을 이용하여 해석되었다. 4각단면 채널로 모형화된 열량계 해석에 비선형 k-ε-fμ 모형과 비선형 열유속모형이 도입되었다. 레이놀즈수는 4000≤$Re_b$≤20000로 변화되었다. 난류의 비등방성으로 유도되는 구석와류는 주 유동속도의 1~3% 정도로 크지 않았지만 열전달에 커다란 영향을 주었다. 또한 채널 단면에 존재하는 나선형의 와류에 의해서 열전달이 심하게 변함을 보여 주었다. 예측된 열전달계수로부터 Nu~$Re^{0.8}Pr^{0.34}$가 검토되었고 온도의 섭동과 와유동의 비정상거동이 조사되었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.91-97
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• 2001

The thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations are solved for the hypersonic flow over blunt cone configurations with applications to laminar as well as turbulent flows. The equations are expressed in the forms of flux-vector splitting and explicit algorithm. The upwind schemes of Steger-Warming and van Leer are investigated in their ability to accurately predict the heating loads along the surface of the body. A comparison with the second order extensions of these schemes is made and a hybrid scheme incorporating a combination of central differencing and flux-vector-splitting is presented. This scheme is also investigated in its ability to accurately predict heat transfer distributions.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-115
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• 1995

동해에서의 해양-대기 열교환량을 1961년부터 1990년까지의 선상관측자료와 1976 년부터 1985년까지의 일본기상처 부표자료를 이용하여 구하였다. 그리고 이 결과와 해 양상층부 200m 내의 열용량의 계절변화로부터 해양내부의 열유동량을 계산하였다. 겨 울에는 유입되는 단과복사량과 방출되는 장파오복사량의 크기가 비슷해 복사에 의한 열방출량은 적지만 열속과 자멸속이 강하여 전 해역에서 대기로 많은 열량을 방출한 다. 유효열방출량의 공간적인 변화폭은 100 Wm/SUP -2/이상이며, 최대의 열방출량은 쓰가루해협 부근에서 일어나고 대한해협과 울릉분지역등 남부역이 높은 방출량이 나타 난다. 특히 남서 해역의 강한 열방출이 겨울에 동해 중층균실수의 형성에 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다. 여름에는 강한 태양복사와 낮은 난류속의 영향으로 전해역에서 120~ 140 Wm/SUP -2/의 비슷한 크기로 해양이 가열된다. 해양내부의 열유동은 일본연안에서 양의 값을 나타내 여름의 강한 대마난류에 의한 열량의 유입을 보이며, 그 크기는 해 면을 통해 흡수한 열량보다 커서 여름에는 대마난류에 의한 열유입이 중요함을 보여준 다. 한국연안에서는 음의 값으로 수온이 낮은 북한 한류계수의 남하를 나타낸다. 봄과 가을은 3월과 100월에 각각 최소, 최대를 나타낸다. 유효열교환량의 연변화폭은 남서 해역의 경우 약 580 Wm/SUP -2/이다. 해표면을 통한 연평균 유효열교환량은 모든 해역 에서 음의 값으로 대기중으로 열량을 방출하며, 그 크기는 쓰가루해협부근에서 -130 Wm/SUP -2/로 강하고 대한해협과 울릉분지역에서도 이웃하는 해역보다 많은 열량을 방 출한다. 위도 35$^{\circ}$~39$^{\circ}$N 사이에서의 공간적인 연평균값의 크기는 단파복사량, 자멸 속, 장파복사, 열속의 크기로 각각 129, -90, -58, -32Wm/SUP -2/으로 유효열교환량은 -51W/SUP -2이다.