• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.212-215
• /
• 2010

Spin polarized tunneling studies were carried out with Al-Ga bilayer as a spin detector, by Meservey-Tedrow technique. The superconductor (SC)/Insulator (I)/Ferromagnet (FM) tunnel junctions were provided by ultra high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy (UHV-MBE) technique. The analysis of interfacial properties in the Al-Ga bilayer was also carried out by Auger electron spectroscopy. It was observed that the superconducting transition temperature and energy gap were raised in comparison with that of bulk Ga and pure ultrathin Al films. Current studies clearly show how one can modify the material properties at the interface just with a few monolayers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.492-492
• /
• 2011

단일벽 탄소나노튜브(Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, SWCNTs)는 매우 우수한 전기적, 광전자적 특성을 가지고 있어 차세대 나노 전자소자 물질로 각광받고 있다. 특히, 이들의 전기적 특성은 직경과 카이랄리티(chirality)에 따라 금속성(metallic)과 반도체성(semiconducting)으로 구분된다. 각 특성에 따라 금속성은 투명전극, 반도체성은 전계효과 트랜지스터(CNT-FET)로 활용가능성이 높다. 하지만, 일반적으로 단일벽 탄소나노튜브는 이 두 가지의 특성이 혼재되어 합성되기 때문에, 그들의 선택적 분리는 나노튜브 기반 전자소자 응용을 위해 매우 중요한 과정 중 하나이다. 최근에는 반응 가스를 이용한 선택적 제거, 밀도차를 이용한 원심분리법(density gradient ultracentrifugation) 등 다양한 방법들이 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구는 대기 중에서 마이크로웨이브 조사하여 금속성 나노튜브만을 선택적으로 제거하였다. 마이크로웨이브 조사는 CVD 방법과 전기 방전법으로 성장된 단일벽 탄소나노튜브에 800W로 조사 시간을 변화하며 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 조사 시간이 증가할수록 두 종류의 나노튜브에서 반도체성 나노튜브는 남아있는 반면 금속성 나노튜브는 점차 제거되었다. 이러한 원인은 각 전기적 특성에 따른 유전상수 차이에 의하여 기인한 것이다. 전기적 특성과 결정성은 라만 분광법(Raman spectroscopy)을 통하여 분석하였으며, 직경 및 분산정도는 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscope), 투과전자현미경(tunneling electron microscope)으로 관찰하였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2013

We investigated the growth mechanism of amorphous-phase Si thin films in order to improve the film characteristics and circumvent photo-degradation effects by implementation of hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. Amorphous silicon thin films grown in a silane/hydrogen mixture can be decomposed by a resistive heat filament. The structural properties were observed by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The electrical properties of the films were measured by photo-conductivity, dark-conductivity, and photo-sensitivity. The contents of Si-H and $Si-H_n$ bonds were measured to be 19.79 and 9.96% respectively, at a hydrogen flow rate of 5.5 sccm, respectively. The thin film has photo-sensitivity of $2.2{\times}10^5$ without a crystalline volume fraction. The catalyst behavior of the hot-wire to decompose the chemical precursors by an electron tunneling effect depends strongly on the hydrogen mixture rate and an amorphous Si thin film is formed from atomic relaxation.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 2005

We confirmed that the improvement in properties of magnetic tunnel junctions prepared by radical oxidation after thermal treatment was mostly resulted from the redistribution of oxygen at the $AIOx/Co_{90}Fe_{10}$ interface. The as-deposited Al oxide barrier was oxygen-deficient but most of it re-oxidized into $Al_2O_3$, the thermodynamically stable stoichiometric phase, through thermal treatment. As a result, the effective barrier height was increased from 1.52 eV to 2.27 eV. On the other hand, the effective barrier width was decreased from 8.2 ${\AA}$ to 7.5 ${\AA}$. X-ray absorption spectra of Fe and Co clearly showed that the oxygen in the CoFe layer diffused back into the Al barrier and thereby enriched the barrier to close to a stoichiometirc $Al_2O_3$ phase. The oxygen bonded with Co and Fe diffused back by 6.8 ${\AA}$ and 4.5 ${\AA}$ after thermal treatment, respectively. Our results confirm that controlling the chemical structures of the interface is important to improve the properties of magnetic tunnel junctions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.02a
• /
• pp.367-367
• /
• 2010

The adsorption configurations of S-proline on Ge(100) were studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and high-resolution core-level photoemission spectroscopy (HRCLPES). We identified three adsorption structures of S-proline on Ge(100) through analysis of the STM images, DFT calculations, and HRCLPES results: (i) an 'intrarow O - H dissociated and N dative bonded structure', (ii) an 'O - H dissociation structure', and (iii) an 'N dative bonded structure'. Moreover, because adsorption through the N atom of S-proline produces a new chiral center due to symmetry reduction by N dative bonding, the adsorption configurations have either (R,S) or (S,S) chirality, yielding an (R,S)-'intrarow O - H dissociated and N dative bonded structure' and an (R,S)-'N dative bonded structure', with a preference for reaction at the Re face. This work presents a novel method for generating stereoselective attachment using S-proline molecules adsorbed onto a Ge(100) surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.02a
• /
• pp.339-339
• /
• 2010

The metallic nanoparticles (Pt, Au, Ag. Cu, etc.) supported on ceria-titania mixed oxide exhibit a high catalytic activity for the water gas shift reaction ($H_2O\;+\;CO\;{\leftrightarrow}\;H_2\;+\;CO_2$) and the CO oxidation ($O_2\;+\;2CO\;{\leftrightarrow}\;2CO_2$). It has been speculated that the high catalytic activity is related to the easy exchange of the oxidation states of ceria ($Ce^{3+}$ and $Ce^{4+}$) on titania, but very little is known about the ceria titanium interaction, the growth mode of metal on ceria titania complex, and the reaction mechanism. In this work, the growth of $CeO_x$ and Au/$CeO_x$ on rutile $TiO_2$(110) have been investigated by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES), and DFT calculation. In the $CeO_x/TiO_2$(110) systems, the titania substrate imposes on the ceria nanoparticles non-typical coordination modes, favoring a $Ce^{3+}$ oxidation state and enhancing their chemical activity. The deposition of metal on a $CeO_x/TiO_2$(110) substrate generates much smaller nanoparticles with an extremely high activity. We proposed a mechanism that there is a strong coupling of the chemical properties of the admetal and the mixed-metal oxide: The adsorption and dissociation of water probably take place on the oxide, CO adsorbs on the admetal nanoparticles, and all subsequent reaction steps occur at the oxide-admetal interface.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.356-361
• /
• 2009

The optical characterization of self-assembled InAs/AlAs Quantum Dots(QD) grown by MBE(Molecular Beam Epitaxy) was investigated by using Photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy. The influence of thin AlAs barrier on QDs were carried out by utilizing a pumping beam that has lower energy than that of the AlAs barrier. This provides the evidence for the tunneling of carriers from the GaAs layer, which results in a strong QD intensity compared to the GaAs at the 16 K PL spectrum. The presence of two QDs signals were found to be associated with the ground-states transitions from QDs with a bimodal size distribution made by the excitation power-dependent PL. From the temperature-dependent PL, the rapid red shift of the peak emission that was related to the QD2 from the increasing temperature was attributed to the coherence between the QDs of bimodal size distribution. A red shift of the PL peak of QDs emission and the reduction of the FWHM(Full Width at Half Maximum) were observed when the annealing temperatures ranged from 500 $^{\circ}C$ to 750 $^{\circ}C$, which indicates that the interdiffusion between the dots and the capping layer was caused by an improvement in the uniformity size of the QDs.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2023

An all-perovskite oxide heterostructure composed of SrSnO₃/Nb-doped SrTiO₃ was fabricated using the pulsed laser deposition method. In-plane and out-of-plane structural characterization of the fabricated films were analyzed by x-ray diffraction with θ-2θ scans and φ scans. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement was performed to check the film's composition. The electrical transport characteristic of the heterostructure was determined by applying a pulsed dc bias across the interface. Unusual transport properties of the interface between the SrSnO₃ and Nb-doped SrTiO₃ were investigated at temperatures from 100 to 300 K. A diodelike rectifying behavior was observed in the temperature-dependent current-voltage (IV) measurements. The forward current showed the typical IV characteristics of p-n junctions or Schottky diodes, and were perfectly fitted using the thermionic emission model. Two regions with different transport mechanism were detected, and the boundary curve was expressed by ln I = -1.28V - 13. Under reverse bias, however, the temperature- dependent IV curves revealed an unusual increase in the reverse-bias current with decreasing temperature, indicating tunneling effects at the interface. The Poole-Frenkel emission was used to explain this electrical transport mechanism under the reverse voltages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.08a
• /
• pp.89-89
• /
• 2010

The atomic structure of Sb/Si(5 5 12)-$2{\times}1$ surface, deposited at room temperature (RT) and post-annealed, has been identified by scanning tunneling microscopy and the corresponding interface has been studied by synchrotron core-level photoemission spectroscopy. With 0.3-nm Sb deposition at RT and postannealing at $600^{\circ}C$, the surface has been facetted to (225)-$2{\times}1$ and (112)-$1{\times}1$, and its Si 2p has shown that all the Si 2p surface components have disappeared, while the single Sb-Si interfacial component has appeared. Such results indicate that all of surface Si atoms are replaced by Sb atoms and the charge is transferred from Si to passivating Sb-atoms at the top layer. With subsequent postannealing up to $700^{\circ}C$, the surface has been facetted to (113)-$2{\times}2$ and (335)-$4{\times}2$, still having Sb-Si interfacial component and partially re-exposed Si surface components. From the present study, the role of surfactant atom, Sb, as well as the thermal-stabilization of Sb-passivated high-index Si surface will be exposed. Especially, the key role of the Sb/Si(113)-$2{\times}2$, composed of Rebonded-Dimer-Rebonded atom 1D structures, for stabilization will be discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.167-167
• /
• 2011

Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is one of the prospective semiconductor memories for next generation. It has the excellent features including nonvolatility, fast access time, unlimited read/write endurance, low operating voltage, and high storage density. MRAM consists of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). The MTJ stack is composed of various magnetic materials, metals, and a tunneling barrier layer. For the successful realization of high density MRAM, the etching process of magnetic materials should be developed. Among various magnetic materials, FePt has been used for pinned layer of MTJ stack. The previous etch study of FePt magnetic thin films was carried out using $CH_4/O_2/NH_3$. It reported only the etch characteristics with respect to the variation of RF bias powers. In this study, the etch characteristics of FePt thin films have been investigated using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etcher in various etch chemistries containing $CH_4$/Ar and $CH_4/O_2/Ar$ gas mixes. TiN thin film was employed as a hard mask. FePt thin films are etched by varying the gas concentration. The etch characteristics have been investigated in terms of etch rate, etch selectivity and etch profile. Furthermore, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to elucidate the etch mechanism of FePt thin films in $CH_4$/Ar and $CH_4/O_2/Ar$ chemistries.