• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2015

The "Ondong tunnel" is not used now where is one of the tunnels in the Janghang line which is from Cheonan to Iksan. The length of the tunnel is 214 m. The location of the fire source is center of the tunnel and the pool fire with heptane is for the fire source. Tests are carried out for the various fire sizes, the height and obstructed/open condition of the fire source. Temperature on the top of the tunnel is measured. Even if the fire size is same, the maximum temperature on the ceiling of the tunnel for the elevated fire source is very larger than the maximum for the ground fire source. As the fire size is lager the maximum temperature on the ceiling is higher. These test results can be very useful for design and guidelines of fire detectors in tunnels.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.341-344
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• 2008

By investigating a series of catastrophic tunnel fires, this research aims to evaluate the fire resistance design method as applied to tunnel structures in Korea. It is shown that the current strategy is oriented towards smoke control and ventilation to reduce the loss of life. As structural collapse is not regarded, a general guide is proposed to obtain the fire safety.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

실제 터널화재에서의 위험성을 평가하기 위하여, 국내에서 최초로 실물터널 화재실험이 수행되었다. 길이 465m의 터널에서 0.25MW에서 2.5MW까지의 가솔린 풀과 1500cc승용차를 화원으로 사용하였으며, 터널내의 유속을 조정하기 위하여 6대의 제트팬을 설치하였다. 터널내의 온도분포와 연기거동을 살펴보기 위하여 총 86곳의 온도를 측정하였다. 다양한 조건에서의 풀화재와 자동차 화재의 성상을 비교하였으며, 실험 결과 각종 화재 조건에서의 연기의 역류, 하강, 터널 내 온도분포 등과 같은 실제 터널 화재상황에서 피해에 영향을 미치는 각종 인자들을 파악하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.507-512
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• 2008

Recently, Busan-Geoje fixed Link Immersed Tunnel and the Tokyo Port Waterway 2 Submarine Tunnel have been constructing. Furthermore it was mentioned to construct an immersed tunnel from Korea to Japan. As a result, it is expected that the demand to use the immersed tunnel will be increased. However, if a fire occurs in the immersed tunnels, it will damage tunnel elements and not save human lives more seriously than normal tunnels on the ground because of the absence of exits as well as closing structure of the immersed tunnels. In fact, the fire accident in the Eurotunnel which connects between France and the Unite Kingdom through the immersed tunnel had occurred twice in 1996 and 2008, and the inner surface of the tunnel got damaged such as concrete popout and structural damage. As a result, not only economic injury but enormous expense to repair and reinforce the tunnel were derived because of the suspension of traffic after the fire happened. Now, from the examining and analyzing study on the fire resistance of immersed tunnels in developed countries and Busan-Geoje fixed Link Immersed Tunnel, we suggest the establishment method of fire resistance to insure the fire safety of immersed tunnel.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.129-139
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• 2005

In this paper, the behaviors of tunnel damaged by fire, the diagnostic techniques for evaluating tunnel stability are presented. Also two fireproof construction methods are recommended. Three tunnels damaged by fire were analyzed to evaluate the structural stability. From the these analyzed, it is recommended that surface checking, rebound number of concrete by Schmidt Hammer, and carbonation of concrete are essential to evaluate the engineering properties of concrete in tunnel structure damaged by fire. On the basis of case studies of tunnel fire collected by ITA, the change of concrete and steel strengths by fire are explained, and numerical analysis, which was performed on culvert and circle tunnel, shows that distribution of temperature in the tunnel is dependant upon tunnel shape. Two fireproof construction methods using panel and punching metal are introduced to protect the tunnel by fire.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2010

터널화재 시 위험을 경감시키기 위해 설치하는 물분무설비의 성능을 실대 시험을 통해 확인하였다. A급 화재, Pool 화재 및 차량화재시 물분무노즐은 뜨거운 연기의 온도를 낮추는데 효과가 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 터널에 기류가 존재하는 경우에도 냉각효과가 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 이 결과를 통해 물분무설비는 터널화재 시 기류온도를 낮춤으로써 fire jump를 방지하고, 주위의 시설물을 보호할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2002

The objective of the present study is to develop a model to predict heat and gas flow movement by fire in a tunnel. The model includes component models such as turbulence model, combustion model, fire model, jet fan model, etc. It has been validated using the data from Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program. The predictions are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental data in the far-field region of the tunnel. It should be further investigated to develop models for radiation between surfaces, for composite boundary conditions for conduction and convection, and for vigorous turbulent mixing in a tunnel especially for a large size of fire.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.976-982
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• 2002

In this study, smoke movement in tunnel fire with natural ventilation shaft has been investigated with various size of fire source. Gasoline pool fire with different size of diameter - 73mm, 100mm, 125mm and 154mm - was used to describe fire source. Experimental data is obtained with 1/20 model tunnel test and its results are compared with numerical results. The computation were carried out using FDS 1.0 which is a field model of fire-driven now. Temperature profiles between measured and predicted data are compared along ceiling and near the ventilation shaft. Both results are in good agreement with each other. In order to evaluating a safe egress time in tunnel fire, horizontal smoke front velocity was measured in model tunnel fire tests and those are compared with numerical results. According to the presence or absence of natural ventilation shaft, ventilation effect are estimated quantitatively. Finally, this paper shows that computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is applicable to predict fire-induced flow in tunnel.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2021

Recently, the fire safety of road tunnels has been important issues in South Korea. However, proper fire safety regulations has not made for road tunnels. Due to geographical challenges in South Korea, road tunnels should be constructed to secure stable traffic flows. In the Guidelines for Installing and Managing Disaster Prevention Facilities of Road Tunnels (NFSC 603), main target vehicles are passenger cars. This guidelines cannot support big fires from larger vehicles such as cargo, oil trucks. In this study, fire safety for a road tunnel in port area was analyzed with fire dynamics theory under cargo truck fire scenario. Sujunsan road tunnel in Busan city was chosen as a target tunnel, which links between Busan port and highways to increase cargo shipping. The results show the limitations of present guidelines (NFSC 603) for road tunnel from large fire situations.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2010

터널 내의 화재발생시 약 $1300^{\circ}C$이상으로 추정되는 고열에 의한 제반설비의 훼손, 콘크리트 구조체의 폭렬현상으로 인한 심각한 구조적 손상 및 이로 인한 내력구조물의 붕괴로 유발되는 2차적 화재피해의 가능성이 높으므로, 터널구조물의 내화설계 분야에 대한 대응기술개발이 추진되어야 할 시점이다. 하지만 국내에서는 화재에 의한 인적 경제적 피해를 최소화하기 위한 연구는 주로 일반건축구조물의 내화구조 대상건축물, 내화구조 공법, 시험방법 및 성능기준 등에만 집중되어 있으며 터널 내에서의 화재실험 및 내화구조 연구는 거의 전무하다. 따라서 터널 내 화재 발생에 따른 구조물의 역학적 거동특성 및 손상범위 파악 등과 같은 연구가 절실히 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 터널의 구조요소에 대한 화재거동 실증실험을 통해 터널 구조요소별 화재손상 범위 및 내화재료 최소시공두께를 선정하였다.