• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is commonly related with concurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We aimed to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics, prognosis and gene expression of DTC with anaplastic foci. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with DTC with anaplastic foci were enrolled in this study. To compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of anaplastic foci subjects with conventional ATC or DTC, we additionally included 12 ATC and 1030 DTC patients who diagnosed during same period. Immunohistochemistry was performed to check the gene expression in anaplastic foci and DTC component. Results: In anaplastic foci group, tumor size was larger ($2.5{\pm}1.3$ vs. $1.2{\pm}0.9cm$, p=0.001), distant metastasis was more frequent (11.1 vs. 0%, p=0.000) and 1-year survival rate was low (88.9 vs. 100%, p=0.000) than DTC group. In contrast, compared with ATC group, anaplastic foci group showed younger age at diagnosis ($50{\pm}16$ vs. $63{\pm}18years$, p=0.039), smaller tumor size ($2.5{\pm}1.3$ vs. $3.8{\pm}1.4cm$, p=0.027), less distant metastasis (11.1 vs. 41.7%, p=0.084) and longer 1-year survival rate (88.9 vs. 25.0%, p=0.001). Expression of p53 protein was observed in 100% of anaplastic foci, ATC and 12.5% of papillary thyroid carcinoma component. Conclusion: DTC with foci of anaplastic transformation has a worse prognosis than DTC, but a better prognosis than ATC. Our results support that DTC with anaplastic foci was intermediate state from DTC to ATC.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

종양 억제 유전자 p53은 인간 간암세포 Hep3B에서는 불활성화되어 있다. 베르베린(berberine)은 암세포의 증식을 억제하는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 우리는 베르베린을 처리한 Hep3B 세포에서 세포사멸이 유도되는지를 조사하였고 이 세포사멸이 p53과 DNA methyltransferase의 발현과 연관되어 있는지를 관찰하였다. MTT 분석을 통하여 세포 생존력을 측정하였다. 세포사멸은 각각 Annexin V flow 세포 분석을 사용하여 측정하였다. 베르베린이 처리된 세포에서 DNMT 효소 활성, mRNA 발현, 단백질 발현 정도가 검사되었으며, p53 단백질 발현은 웨스턴 블롯 분석에 의해 검사되었다. 베르베린 처리는 시간 및 용량 의존적으로 Hep3B세포의 세포사멸을 증가시켰다. 베르베린 처리 시 DNMT3b의 활성 정도, mRNA 발현 그리고 단백질 발현 정도가 모두 감소되었다. 이와는 대조적으로, Hep3B에서는 비활성인 p53 단백질의 발현은 DNMT3b의 감소와 동시에 증가했다. ERK의 발현은 변화가 없었으나, P-ERK의 발현은 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 Hep3B 세포에 베르베린의 처리는 DNMT3b의 발현을 감소시켜서 종양 억제 유전자인 p53의 증가를 유도할 수 있고, 이를 통해서 세포사멸을 증가 시킬 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다. 이는 베르베린이 간암 세포의 증식 억제에 효과적으로 작용할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of Damina 909 in human cancer cell lines and tumor-xenografted nude mice to elucidate its potential in treating many cancers. Damina 909 treatment resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells. Our in vivo study showed that the weight of pancreatic tumors in Damina 909-treated group were the lighter than control group. Consequently, the intake of food and water in Damina 909-treated group did not change, while those in control group were steadily decreased over a period of treatment. Moreover, Damina 909 treatment elevated the protein expression of p53 and p21 in pancreatic tumor of xenografted nude mice. In summary, compare to other human cancer cells such as prostate and hepatocyte, Damina 909 is most effectively inhibited proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by increasing the expression of tumor suppressor genes. This led us to speculate that a candidate substance for effective cancer therapy of pancreatic cancer might be contained in Damina 909.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2699-2703
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• 2012

The functional significance of the proteasome activator $REG{\gamma}$ in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis has been recognized. However, pathological contributions to tumor development remain to be elucidated. Both oncogenic proteins and tumor suppressors are targeted by $REG{\gamma}$ for proteasomal degradation. It has been proposed that the role of the $REG{\gamma}$ in the pathogenesis of cancer is cell- and context-specific. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential involvement of $REG{\gamma}$ in laryngeal carcinomas, comparing protein expression in tumor and adjacent tissues by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. We also characterized the correlation between the expression of $REG{\gamma}$ and the previously identified substrates p53 and p21. We showed that $REG{\gamma}$ was abnormally highly expressed in cancer tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a positive relationship between the level of $REG{\gamma}$ and the expression of p53 and p21. Our study suggests that $REG{\gamma}$ overexpression can facilitate the growth of laryngeal cancer cells.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2021

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer that can self-renew and differentiate into large tumor masses. Evidence accumulated to date shows that CSCs affect tumor proliferation, recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy. Recent studies have shown that, like stem cells, CSCs maintain cells with self-renewal capacity by means of asymmetric division and promote cell proliferation by means of symmetric division. This cell division is regulated by fate determinants, such as the NUMB protein, which recently has also been confirmed as a tumor suppressor. Loss of NUMB expression leads to uncontrolled proliferation and amplification of the CSC pool, which promotes the Notch signaling pathway and reduces the expression of the p53 protein. NUMB genes are alternatively spliced to produce six functionally distinct isoforms. An interesting recent discovery is that the protein NUMB isoform produced by alternative splicing of NUMB plays an important role in promoting carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the known functions of NUMB and NUMB isoforms related to the proliferation and generation of CSCs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2021

Luteolin, a sort of flavonoid, has been reported to be involved in neuroprotective function via suppression of neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of luteolin against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and its molecular mechanism using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cellular senescence model in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells (HEI-OC1). Our results showed that luteolin attenuated senescent phenotypes including alterations of morphology, cell proliferation, senescence-associated 𝛽-galactosidase expression, DNA damage, as well as related molecules expression such as p53 and p21 in the oxidant challenged model. Interestingly, we found that luteolin induces expression of sirtuin 1 in dose- and time-dependent manners and it has protective role against H₂O₂-induced cellular senescence by upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). In contrast, the inhibitory effect of luteolin on cellular senescence under oxidative stress was abolished by silencing of SIRT1. This study indicates that luteolin effectively protects against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence through p53 and SIRT1. These results suggest that luteolin possesses therapeutic potentials against age-related hearing loss that are induced by oxidative stress.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

Saussurea lappa and Taraxacum mongolicum have been used for herbal medicinal treatments against cancers in East Asia. We performed this study to understand the molecular basis underlying the anti-tumor effects of two herbs and analyzed the effects of these medicinal herbs on proliferation and on expression of cell growth/apoptosis related molecules by using an AGS gastric cancer cell line. The treatments of Saussurea lappa dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner, but Taraxacum mongolicum did not. FACS analysis and Annexin V staining assay also showed that Saussurea lappa induces apoptotic cell death of AGS. Expression analyses via RT-PCR and Western blots revealed that Saussurea lappa increased expression of the p53 and its downstream effector p21/sup Waf1/, and that the both increased expression of apoptosis related Bax and cleavage of active caspase-3 protein. We also confirmed the translocation of Bax to mitochondria Collectively, our data demonstrate that Saussurea lappa induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, and these effects are correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2020

Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene, through alternative splicing of its C-terminal region, generates several PML isoforms that interact with specific partners and perform distinct functions. The PML protein is a tumor suppressor that plays an important role by interacting with various proteins. Herein, we investigated the effect of the PML isoforms on oncostatin M (OSM)-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) transcriptional activity. PML influenced OSM-induced STAT-3 activity in a cell type-specific manner, which was dependent on the p53 status of the cells but regardless of PML isoform. Interestingly, overexpression of PML exerted opposite effects on OSM-induced STAT-3 activity in p53 wild-type and mutant cells. Specifically, overexpression of PML in the cell lines bearing wild-type p53 (NIH3T3 and U87-MG cells) decreased OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity, whereas overexpression of PML increased OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity in mutant p53-bearing cell lines (HEK293T and U251-MG cells). When wild-type p53 cells were co-transfected with PML-IV and R273H-p53 mutant, OSM-mediated STAT-3 transcriptional activity was significantly enhanced, compared to that of cells which were transfected with PML-IV alone; however, when cells bearing mutant p53 were co-transfected with PML-IV and wild-type p53, OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity was significantly decreased, compared to that of transfected cells with PML-IV alone. In conclusion, PML acts together with wild-type or mutant p53 and influences OSM-mediated STAT-3 activity in a negative or positive manner, resulting in the aberrant activation of STAT-3 in cancer cells bearing mutant p53 probably might occur through the interaction of mutant p53 with PML.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.460-465
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• 2003

p53 유전자의 변이는 다양한 인체암 중 가장 일반적인 유전자적 변화로 알려져 있으며, 양성에서 악성 대장암으로 전이되는 과정에서 연관이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 PCR-SSCP와 DHPLC를 이용하여 대장암 환자의 조직에서 p53 유전자의 엑손 5-8에서 돌연변이를 분석하였다. SSCP에서는 50개의 샘플중 엑손 5에서 C13109>T 형태의 돌연변이가 7례가(14%) 발견되었고, DHPLC에서는 C13109>T 7례와 C13202>A, C13204>G 형태의 돌연변이 2례, 모두 9례의(18%) 변이가 검출되었다. DHPLC 분석법을 이용하여 SSCP에서 발견하지 못했던 2례(4%)의 변이를 더 발견하였다. 최종적으로 염기서열분석법을 통해 위의 결과를 확인하였고, p53 돌연변이 검출법으로 SSCP보다 DHPLC가 더 감도가 좋고 효과적인 검출법임을 확인하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2022

Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract (GBE) is an extract from leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, widely used as a health supplement. GBE can inhibit the proliferation of several types of tumor cell. Although it is known to have anti-cancer effects in breast cancer and skin cancer, research related to gastric cancer is still insufficient. Based on results showing anti-cancer effects on solid cancer, we aimed to determine whether GBE has similar effects on gastric cancer. In this study, the anti-cancer effect of GBE in gastric adenocarcinoma was investigated by confirming the cell proliferation inhibitory effect of AGS cells. We also evaluated whether GBE regulates expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and Rb. GBE has apoptotic effects on AGS cells that were confirmed by changes in anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and pro-apoptosis protein Bax levels. Wound healing and cell migration were also decreased by treatment with GBE. Furthermore, we verified the effects of GBE on mitogenic signaling by investigating AKT target gene expression levels and revealed downregulated Sod2 and Bcl6 expression. We also confirmed that expression of inflammation-related genes decreased in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that GBE has an anti-cancer effect on human gastric cancer cell lines. Further research on the mechanism of the anti-cancer effect will serve as basic data for possible anti-cancer drug development.