• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.100-108
• /
• 2007

Gene therapy has become a promising strategy for the treatment of genetically based diseases, such as cancer, which are currently considered incurable. A major obstacle in the field of cancer gene therapy is the development of a safe and efficient delivery system for therapeutic gene transfer. Non-viral vectors have attracted great interest, as they are simple to prepare, stable, easy to modify and relatively safe compared to viral vectors. In this review, an insight into the strategies developed for polyethylenimine (PEI)-based non-viral vectors has been provide, including improvement of the polyplex properties by incorporating hydrophilic spacer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Moreover, this review will summarize the strategies for the tumor targeting. Specifically, a targeted polymeric gene delivery system, PEI-g-PEG-RGD, will be introduced as an efficient gene delivery vector for tumor therapy, including its functional analysis both in vitro and in vivo.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2009

Green tea seed was extracted with absolute ethanol,and the green tea seed extract(GTSE)was subjected to assays for toxicity, antioxidant ability, angiogenesis inhibitory effects and cell adhesion, as well as western blotting, and an in vivo experiment against 4 high-ranking adult cancers in Korea. Our series of experimental data demonstrated that GTSE has an antioxidant ability superior to that of EGCG in the green tea leaf, and also exhibits a profound high tumor growth inhibitory activity on a variety of cancer cell lines, as well as nude mice infected with cancer cells. GTSE was identified as a natural anticancer compound showing excellent angiogenesis inhibition and cancer cell suppression abilities. Our preliminary observations also indicate that GTSE may be another potential source of natural dietary antioxidants and also may be applicable as a novel natural anticancer agent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.3527-3531
• /
• 2016

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2 ), a member of the TGF-${\beta}$ family, has been used widely in recent years to regenerate defects of the maxillary and mandible bones. Such defects are sometimes caused by resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) yet the biologic effects of rhBMP-2 on these carcinomas are not fully clear. The objective of this study was to determine histologically whether rhBMP-2 produces adverse effects on angiogenesis during induction of OSCC, a biologic process critical for tumor formation in an experimental model in the buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters. Buccal cavities were exposed to painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks, then biopsies were taken. Division was into 2 groups: a study group of 10 hamsters receiving $0.25{\mu}g/ml$ of rhBMP-2 in the $3^{rd}$ and $6^{th}$ weeks; and a control group of 10 hamsters which did not receive any additional treatment. VEGF expression and microvessel density were measured but no differences were noted between the two groups. According to this study, rh-BMP-2 does not stimulate angiogenesis during induction of OCSSs.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.1059-1063
• /
• 2017

Angiogenesis is an essential step in tumoral growth and metastasis and is regulated by a balance between stimulators and inhibitors. Recently, antiangiogenic target therapy has shown promise as a new type of chemotherapy. Natural products have attracted widespread attention worldwide as a useful source of novel therapeutic compounds. The balloon-flower has long been used as a traditional medicinal material and food in Asia. In this study, we investigated whether extract of balloon-flower would inhibit in vitro angiogenesis and vascular-like network formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The extract of Balloon-flower did not affect the viability of HUVECs. However, treatment with the Balloon-flower extract suppressed tube formation of HUVECs. In addition, after treatment with the Balloon-flower extract, cell migration decreased about 80%, and cell invasion was almost completely inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that extract of Balloon-flower may have potential as an angiogenic inhibitor and that it could be developed as an anticancer agent.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 2009

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role in tumor invasion, angiogenesis and inflammatory tissue destruction. Increased expression of MMP was observed in benign tissue hyperplasia and in atherosclerotic lesions. Invasive cancer cells utilize MMP to degrade the extracellular matrix and vascular basement membrane during metastasis, where MMP-2 has been implicated in the development and dissemination of malignancies. The present study attempted to examine the antiangiogenic activity of the medicinal herbs of Aspergillus usamii var. shirousamii-transformed Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Zizyphus jujube (tAgR and tZj) with respect to MMP-2 production and endothelial motility in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- or VEGF-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Nontoxic tAgR and tZj substantially suppressed PMA-induced MMP-2 secretion. In addition, $25{\mu}g/mL$ tAgR and tZj prevented vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated endothelial cell transmigration and tube formation. The results reveal that tAgR and tZj dampened endothelial MMP-2 production leading to endothelial transmigration and tube formation. tAgR and tZj-mediated inhibition of endothelial MMP may boost a therapeutic efficacy during vascular angiogenesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.557-567
• /
• 2001

Background : Tumor angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the intensity of angiogenesis and stage, nodal status, histologic type, metastasis and survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer. Method : Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded surgical specimens of 45 patients who had surgically resected primary non-small cell lung cancers without pre or post operative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were examined. The microvessel count(MVC) was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining for CD31(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, PECAM). Results : Microvessel counts(MVCs) in stage IIIA and IIIB were higher than in stage I and II(p<0.05). The MVC in patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis, although the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05). However, in adenocarcinoma, the MVC in patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that seen in patients without lymph node metastasis(p<0.05). The MVC in adenocarcinoma was higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma(p<0.05). The difference between the MVCs of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma was not statistically significant in stage I and II or N0 stage(p>0.05). However, in stage IIIA and IIIB or N1~3 stage, the MVC in adenocarcinoma was higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma(p<0.05). MVC was more increased when metastasis developed within 12 months. In the same histologic type and stage, the duration of survival time in patients with high MVC was shorter than in patients with low MVC, however the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05). The survival rate in patients with high MVCs was lower than that in patients with low MVCs(P<0.05). Conclusion : In non-small cell lung cancer, MVC correlated relatively well with pathologic stage, nodal status(limited in patients with adenocarcinoma), histologic type, postoperative metastasis and survival rate. However, in the same histologic type and stage, MVC was not significantly related to the duration of survival. Therefore the assessment of the intensity of angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer may be helpful in predicting prognosis and in selecting patients for systemic adjuvant therapy of potential metastasis according to the results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1485-1492
• /
• 2015

Makgeolli is a traditional wine in Korea and has been traditionally believed to exhibit health benefits. However, the inhibitory effect of dealcoholized makgeolli (MK) on cancer has never been investigated scientifically. In this study, MK exhibited an anti-angiogenic effect by inhibiting tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, without cytotoxicity. Treatment with MK reduced the proliferation of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the sub-G1 population. Next, we evaluated whether MK could induce apoptosis in AGS cells by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay or Annexin V method. Treatment with MK at 500 and 1,000 μg/ml increased the number of TUNEL-positive AGS cells. Under the same conditions, MK-treated (500 and 1,000 μg/ml) cells showed significant induction of early or late apoptosis, compared with untreated cells (no induction). In addition, MK also induced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in AGS cells. However, p53 expression in AGS cells was not changed by MK treatment. Furthermore, MK at 500 mg/kg·d reduced the tumor size and volume in AGS tumor xenografts. Taken together, MK may be useful for the prevention of cancer cell growth.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2006

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid that have been used to reduce the incidence, growth and metastasis of breast, colon, prostate and gastric cancer in animals. CLA could reduce tumor growth by altering angiogenesis; a process requiring associated angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, we determined whether CLA could modulate the expression of VEGF in murine mammary tumor cells and adipocytes. The c9, t11-CLA isomer reduced VEGF transcripts and protein when mammary tumor cells were stimulated with PMA. That isomer also reduced VEGF expression in un stimulated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Since VEGF can be regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we determined whether CLA could alter COX-2 enzyme expression and $PGE_2$ production. The c9, t11-CLA isomer reduced not only COX-2 enzyme expression but also $PGE_2$ production. Thus, c9, t11-CLA could modulate neovascularization by alteration of VEGF expression from mammary tumor cells and adipocytes by reducing COX-2 metabolites.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.6.1-6.15
• /
• 2022

Litorilituus sediminis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, novel bacterium under the family of Colwelliaceae, has a stunning hypothetical protein containing domain called von Hippel-Lindau that has significant tumor suppressor activity. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate the structure and function of the biologically important hypothetical protein EMK97_00595 (QBG34344.1) using several bioinformatics tools. The functional annotation exposed that the hypothetical protein is an extracellular secretory soluble signal peptide and contains the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL; VHL beta) domain that has a significant role in tumor suppression. This domain is conserved throughout evolution, as its homologs are available in various types of the organism like mammals, insects, and nematode. The gene product of VHL has a critical regulatory activity in the ubiquitous oxygen-sensing pathway. This domain has a significant role in inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis progression, kidney cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. At last, the current study depicts that the annotated hypothetical protein is linked with tumor suppressor activity which might be of great interest to future research in the higher organism.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2002

Background and Objectives : Angiogenesis within malignant tumors has been considered to be essential for the growth and expansion of cancer cells, especially for solid tumors, and has been implicated in the overall growth and metastases of tumors. Such angiogenesis within tumors depends upon the secretion of vascular growth factor to allow the growth of newly formed vessels from peripheral tissue into the malignant tumor. %n, an exploration of the relations between cancer cells and vascular growth factors is absolutely critical to understanding the growth of malignant tumors. According to recent reports, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) has been found to play a role in lymphatic metastases, tumor recurrence and survival in various human tumors. To evaluate the role of VEGF in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) we performed this study. Materials and Methods : We examined the expression of VEGF and microvessel density in 39 HNSCC by immunohistochemistry and correlated them with various clinical data such as stage, cervical lymphatic metastasis, recurrence, and overall survival. Results : The expression of VEGF was not correlated with overall stage, T stage and N stage. There was no statistical correlation between the expression of VEGF and recurrence in the Primary site, cervical lymph node, and the distant metastases. There was no statistical correlation between the expression of VEGF and microvessel density. Conclusion : Based on these results, it is suggested that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is not a major prognostic factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Further studies are needed to evaluate significance of VEGF expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.