• 연구논문집
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• 통권30호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics and performance of model Decanter for separating swine wastewater to solid and liquid which is slurry state with 12.6% TS. Swine wastewater of the slurry tank was pumped into model Decanter which capacity was $2m^3$/hr in 10% TS Slurry inside of bowl was separated to solid-liquid by centrifugal acceleration. Sampling was done in the section of slurry feed pipe, supernatant outflow pipe, cake discharge pipe. After solid-liquid separation TS, $COD_cr$ and slurry volume reduction effect represented 38%, 40%, 19.6% respectively. Relation factor of model Decanter operation slurry concentration, optimum retention time of slurry, overflow velocity of supernatant, supernatant concentration, sludge removal rate etc. Optimal operation conditions can be set and evaluated efficiency based on the experimental results in the case of Decanter adopted for solid-liquid separation in highly concentrated swine wastewater.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.546-550
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• 2014

Relative reactivity of various carbonyl and acid derivatives in MPV-type (Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley) reduction with an DIBAL(F) model has been studied via DFT and MP2 methods. Free energies of initial adduct formation (-Gadd) of DIBAL(F) model and carbonyls are in the order of amide < ester < aldehyde < ketone < acid chloride; in the alan-amide adduct, the developed positive charge at carbonyl carbon is expected to be stabilized by amide resonance, but in the acid chloride adduct it is destabilized by inductive effect of chloride. However the TS barrier energies (${\Delta}G_{TS}$) for the MPV-type hydride reduction of the carbonyl adducts are in the order of aldehyde < ketone < acid chloride << ester < amide; presumably decreasing order of electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon at adducts, which is well correlated with experimental data. It is noted that the relative reactivity of carbonyl derivatives in MPV-type reduction with DIBAL(X) is not governed by the alan-adduct formation energies, but follows the order of electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon of transition states.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.880-886
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• 1997

Ab initio calculations were carried out on the gas phase acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions of sulfinamide using the 3-21G* basis sets. Single point calculations were also performed at the MP2/6-31G* level. The first step in the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-methylmethanesulfinamide, Ⅰ, involves protonation. The most favorable form is the O-protonated one, Ⅱ, which is then transformed into a sulfurane intermediate, Ⅲ, by addition of a water molecule. The reaction proceeds further by an intramolecular proton transfer from O to N (TS2), which is followed by N-S bond cleavage (TS3) leading to the final products. The rate determining step is the N-S bond cleavage (TS3) at the RHF/3-21G* level, whereas it becomes indeterminable at the MP2/6-31G*//3-21G* level of theory. However, the substituent effect studies with N-protonated N-arylmethanesulfinamide, ⅩⅢ, at the MP2/6-31G*//3-21G* level support the N-S bond breaking step as rate limiting.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5382-5403
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• 2018

In this paper, for a spectrum sensing purpose, we heuristically established a test statistic (TS) from a sample covariance matrix (SCM) for multiple antennas based cognitive radio. The TS is formulated as a scaled-energy which is calculated as a sum of scaled diagonal entries of a SCM; each of the diagonal entries of a SCM scaled by corresponding row's Euclidean norm. On the top of that, by combining theoretical results together with simulation observations, we have approximated a decision threshold of the TS which does not need prior knowledge of noise power and primary user signal. Furthermore, simulation results - which are obtained in a fading environment and in a spatially correlating channel model - show that the proposed method stands effect of noise power mismatch (non-uniform noise power) and has significant performance improvement compared with state-of-the-art test statistics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1129-1132
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• 2001

Seventy-two Korean native bulls, with an average initial body weight of $247.2{\pm}2.34kg$ were used to determine the effect of different flaked lupin seed inclusion levels (0%, 15% and 30%; Control, LS15, LS30, respectively) on growth with a $3{\times}3$ randomized complete block design at the experimental farm of TS Corporation in Korea for 150 days. There were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG) and feed:gain among treatments, However, LS30 increased concentrate intake and total feed intake (p<0.05) and decreased rice straw intake compared with Control and LS 15 (p<0.05), With inclusion of flaked lupin seeds, concentrate intake and total feed intake increased (p<0.01) and rice straw intake decreased (p<0.05) compared with Control. There were no specific changes in the health status of animals used in this experiment with inclusion of flaked lupin seeds in concentrates. Inclusion of flaked lupin seeds in the concentrates showed a tendency of reduced average daily total feed cost per kg weight gain compared with Control by 1.6% and 3.4%, respectively, in LS15 and LS30.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2009

수박에서 종자크기가 다른 각 계통들간의 종자특성과 종자크기의 변화에 따른 과특성을 살펴보기 위해 수박 유전자원 353 점을 대상으로 종자의 크기를 조사하고 6가지 대표적인 종자크기 형으로 분류하였으며 종자크기가 큰 순서부터 giant seed(GS), big seed(BS), medium size(NS), small size(SS), micro seed(MS), tomato seed(TS)라고 명명하였다. 종자크기가 작아질수록 종장, 종경이 작아졌고, 종자 모양은 큰 변화가 없지만 과당 종자수는 많아지고, 과당 종자중은 감소하였다. 종자크기가 과중, 발아율, 48시간 발효처리 후 발아에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 종자크기가 NS형인 수박 계통 'NT'로부터 종자크기형이 각각 SS, MS, TS인 3계통의 near isogenic line(NIL)s과 'S55'로부터 종자크기형이 TS인 1계통의 NIL을 육성하였다. 종자크기가 상이한 NIL간의 과중을 조사한 결과 NS, SS, MS형에서는 각각 과당 6.4, 6.3, 5.9 kg으로 유사하였고, TS인 경우에는 4.2 kg으로 급격히 줄어들었다. 종자크기형이 NS인 계통들에서는 양호한 발아율을 보였지만, TS인 경우에는 매우 낮은 발아율을 보였으며, 48시간 발효처리에 의하여 TS 계통들에서 발아율 증가가 관찰되었지만 여전히 낮은 발아율을 보였다. 전체 종자중에 대한 배와 종피의 무게 비율을 보면 NS, SS, MS의 경우에는 50% 이상의 배 비율을 보였지만, TS의 경우에 44.4%의 비율을 보여 이로 인해 낮은 발아율을 보이는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구를 통해서 수박에서 다양한 종자크기의 유전변이가 존재함을 알 수 있었고, TS는 종자크기 뿐 아니라 과중 또한 작은 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.749-754
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• 1997

Rate constants have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of alkali metal ethoxides (EtOM) with S-p-nitrophenyl 2-thiofuroate (1b) and 2-thiophenethiocarboxylate (2b) in absolute ethanol at 25.0±0.1 ℃. 1b is observed to be more reactive than 2b toward all the EtOM studied. The reactivity of EtOM is in the order EtOK > EtONa > EtO- > EtOLi for both substrates, indicating that K+ and Na+ behave as a catalyst while Li+ acts as an inhibitor in the present system. Equilibrium association constants of alkali metal ions with the transition state (KaTS) have been calculated from the known equilibrium association constants of alkali metal ion with ethoxide ion (Ka) and the rate constants for the reactions of EtOM with 1b and 2b. The catalytic effect (KaTS/Ka) is larger for the reaction of 1b than 2b, and decreases with decreasing the size of the alkali metal ions. Formation of 5-membered chelation at the transition state appears to be responsible for the catalytic effect.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.571-577
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• 2007

여러 가지 세척제(A; 수돗물, B; 옥수, C; 0.2% chitosan-ascorbate(CA), D; 0.03 ppm 오존수, E; 1.5% 식초를 함유하는 옥수, F; 1.5%식초와 CA를 함유하는 옥수)로 세척한 넙치회와 우럭회를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장(DS) 및 $-20^{\circ}C$서 7일간 동결한 후 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장(TS)하면서 저장성을 조사하였다. DS는 TS에 비하여 pH와 산도의 변화가 적었다. 저장 3일째 DS 넙치회의 경우, 대조구(A)의 총균수(log cfu/g)는 6.7로 당일 5.8에 비하여 약 1 log cycle이 증가하였으나 B는 5.50, C는 3.23, D는 4.90, E는 2.40, F는 1.77로 처리직후에 비하여 감소하거나 유지하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 감균효과는 DS와 TS 모두 F > E > D > C > B > A 순이었고 우럭회에서는 F > E > C > D > B > A 순이었다. 텍스쳐는 넙치회와 우럭회 다 같이 전반적으로 TS가 DS보다 경도와 씹힘성이 좋았다. TS에서 C가 텍스쳐에 미치는 효과는 넙치에서는 크지 않았으나 우럭에서는 비교적 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. DS의 경우, 외관은 B, C 및 D가 A보다 양호하였으며 신선한 정도도 외관과 대체적으로 유사하였다. 비린내는 A > B > F > E > D > C의 순으로 낮았다. 종합적 기호도는 넙치회와 우럭회 모두 C에서 높은 경향을 보였다. TS의 경우, 외관은 넙치회에서는 B가, 우럭회에서는 C가 양호하였다. 신선한 정도는 넙치회에서는 D > C > B > A > E > F순, 우럭회에서는 D > C > B > A > E > F순이었다. 비린내는 넙치회 우럭회 모두 D에서 가장 낮았으며, 종합적 기호도도 모두 D에서 가장 양호하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2006

본 연구는 선박 조종에 영향을 주는 대표적 요인들(충돌위험 정도, 목표선박의 항로변경 여부 및 주변 선박 수)을 체계적으로 조작한 조건들에서 항해사의 상황인식 훈련이 항해사의 선박 조종 능력에 어떠한 차이를 가져오는지 선박조종시뮬레이터를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 항해와 관련된 상황인식 훈련을 받은 조건에서 실험참가자들은 여러 선박 조종 요소들(목표선박과의 거리 유지와 충돌 비율)에서 훈련을 받지 않은 조건에 비해 수행이 우수하였다. 둘째, 훈련을 받지 않은 실험참가자들은 목표선박이 평시상황에서 항로를 변경하는 경우 선박 조종에 가장 큰 어려움을 겪었으나 훈련 이후에는 이러한 경향이 크게 감소하여 동일한 조건에서 수행이 향상되는 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하면, 선박 조종에서의 상황인식에 대한 여러 요소들의 훈련은 항해사들의 기본적 선박 조종능력에서 우수한 수행을 이끌 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

This study has analyzed the effect of the housing affordability improvement of the residents in the metropolitan areas, applying Transit Supportive Home Loan (TSHL) which extends the loan amount according to the transportation cost saving based on Location Efficiency Mortgage (LEM) System in the USA. The previous studies focused on introducing LEM system to Korea, whereas this study has analyzed TSHL effect for the first time, taking into account the situation in Korea. For analysis, The Transportation Savings (TS) is calculated and Housing Affordability Index (HAI) is drawn by applying increased TS and DTI (Debt to Income), so the improvements of housing purchasing ability is examined by HAI's improvement. As a result, transit commute 1 (having own car) and transit commute 2 (without having own cars) respectively produce the TS of monthly average 36 thousand won and 110 thousand won in comparison with car using commute. Each additional loan (TSHL) amounts to 16.57 million won and 54.07 million won. As the distance is farther and the house price cheaper, the improvement of HAI is more outstanding. City hall area showed the highest improvements of HAI by 9.3% (transit commute 1) and 21.9% (transit commute 2) increase, in comparison with car using commute.