• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.405-420
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• 2016

Section model wind tunnel test is currently the main technique to investigate the flutter performance of long-span bridges. Further study about applying the wind tunnel test results to the aerodynamic optimization is still needed. Systematical parameters and test principle of the bridge section model are determined by using three long-span steel truss suspension bridges. The flutter critical wind at different attack angles is obtained through section model flutter test. Under the most unfavorable working condition, tests to investigate the effects that upper central stabilized plate, lower central stabilized plate and horizontal stabilized plate have on the flutter performance of the main beam were conducted. According to the test results, the optimal aerodynamic measure was chosen to meet the requirements of the bridge wind resistance in consideration of safety, economy and aesthetics. At last the credibility of the results is confirmed by full bridge aerodynamic elastic model test. That the flutter reduced wind speed of long-span steel truss suspension bridges stays approximately between 4 to 5 is concluded as a reference for the investigation of the flutter performance of future similar steel truss girder suspension bridges.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2018

The main objective of this study is to develop a dual approach for geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of plane truss structures. The geometric nonlinearity is considered using the Total Lagrangian formulation. The nonlinear solution is obtained by introducing and minimizing an objective function subjected to displacement-type constraints. The proposed method can fully trace the whole equilibrium path of geometrically nonlinear plane truss structures not only before the limit point but also after it. No stiffness matrix is used in the main approach and the solution is acquired only based on the direct classical stress-strain formulations. As a result, produced errors caused by linearization and approximation of the main equilibrium equation will be eliminated. The suggested algorithm can predict both pre- and post-buckling behavior of the steel plane truss structures as well as any arbitrary point of equilibrium path. In addition, an equilibrium path with multiple limit points and snap-back phenomenon can be followed in this approach. To demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of the proposed procedure, numerical results of the suggested approach are compared with theoretical solution, modified arc-length method, and those of reported in the literature.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.96-101
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• 2007

A new metallic sandwich panel with a quasi-Kagome truss core subjected to bending load has been analyzed. First, equations of the failure loads corresponding to the eight failure modes are presented. Then, non-dimensional forms of the equations are derived as functions of three geometric variables, one material parameter (yield strain), one load index and one weight index. Failure maps are presented for a given weight index. By using the dimensionless forms of equations as the design constraints, two kinds of optimization are performed. One is based on the weight, that is, the objective function, namely, the dimensionless load is to be maximized for a given weight. Another is based on the load, that is, the dimensionless weight is to be minimized for a given load. The results of the two optimization processes are found to agree each other. The optimized geometric variables are derived as a function of given weights or failure loads. The performance of the quasi-Kagome truss as the core of a sandwich panel is evaluated by comparison with those of honeycomb cored and octet truss cored panels

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2006

Metallic sandwich plate with a truss core has metallic inner structures which have low relative density between a pair of metal skin sheets or face sheets. In this work, low impact tests have been carried out to examine the behavior of sandwich plates with a pyramidal truss core. For the low velocity impact, the impact apparatus of drop weight type has been fabricated. From the results of the experiments, maximum energy absorption is found to happen when the upper sheet fails. The sandwich plate loses its absorption ability as soon as the inner structures have been crashed completely and optimal core thickness has existed to maximize energy absorption. Comparing the metallic sandwich plate with the monocoque plate, the absorbed energy has been improved up to 160 % and the deflection decreased by up to 76%. As a result, the metallic sandwich plate with a truss core is shown to have good material for impact resistance and energy absorption.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.711-724
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• 2012

The goal of this study is to conceptually orientate optimized layouts of outrigger belt trusses which are in widespread use today in the design of tall buildings by strut-and-tie truss models utilizing a topology optimization method. In this study unknown strut-and-tie models are realized by using a typical SIMP method of topology optimization methods. In tradition strut-and-tie model designs find the appropriate strut-and-tie trusses along force paths with respect to elastic stress distribution, and then engineers or designers determine the most proper truss models by experience and intuition. It is linked to a trial-and-error procedure based on heuristic strategies. The presented strut-and tie model design by using SIMP provides that belt truss models are automatically and robustly produced by optimal layout information of struts-and-ties conforming to force paths without any trial-and-error. Numerical applications are studied to verify that outrigger belt trusses for tall buildings are optimally chosen by the proposed method for both static and dynamic responses.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

A model test is carried out to investigate the vibration of truss type lift gate in the four major rivers project. The gate model scaled with the ratio of 1 : 25 is made of acryl panel dimensioned 1.6 m in width, 0.28 m in height in the concrete test flume. Firstly natural frequencies of the model gate are measured and the results are compared with the numerical results in order to verify the model. The amplitudes of the vibration are measured under the different gate opening and water level conditions. The results are analyzed to study the characteristics of the gate vibration according to the small gate opening, the large gate opening and the overflow conditions. These test results presents a basic data for the guide manuals of gate management and a design method to reduce the gate vibration of truss type lift gate. Finally, the vibration of truss type lift gate are assessed in comparison with those of formerly tainter gate.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호통권65호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2003

구조 설계를 위해 초기 부재를 가정할 때나 건축 실무에서 개산 견적을 계산할 때 기술자의 직관이나 비슷한 조건의 기존 설계 평균값을 사용하고 있으나 설계 조건은 모두 다르기 때문에 큰 오차가 발생할 수밖에 없다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 확률론적인 절차가 내재되어 있어 불확실성을 다룰 수 있는 인공 신경 회로망의 이용하여 와렌 트러스를 설계하므로써 적용성을 평가하였다. 제안된 신경망 설계변수값와 구조설계 단계에 따라 다양한 와렌 트러스를 설계하여 MIDAS 프로그램 설계결과의 10% 오차 이내로 근사 설계를 하므로써 모델의 타당성을 검증하였다. 제안된 모델은 약간의 오차를 포함하지만 적은 시간과 노력으로 신뢰할 수 있는 설계 결과를 얻을 수 있으며, 부재 테이블을 사용하는 비선형 관계의 구조설계에도 적용 가능한 특성을 가지고 있다.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 1997

최근, 텐세그러티(tensegrity)구조개념을 적용한 대공간구조시스템인 케이블돔구조는 구조물 전체의 관점에서는 하나의 자기평형상태를 만족하는 구조로서 돔과 같이 닫힌형상(closed form)의 구조에는 유리한 구조시스템이지만, 보울트(vault)와 같은 열린형상(openform)의 구조에는 적용상 문제가 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 해결하는 방안중의 하나로서, <안정화된 단위요소>를 이용하여 장력안정트러스의 기본요소인 단위구조의 안정화를 지배하는 기하학적 매개변수들의 범위를 설정하는 방법이 제안되고 그 변수들의 상호관련성을 규명하고자 한다. 수치해석은, .alpha.가 안정화범위에 있을 경우, 여러가지 경우의 높이에 따른 중심위치(.alpha.), 트러스 부재에 의한 각(.theta.) 그리고 평면상의 비(x/y)와 같은 매개변수의 변화에 따라 안정화에 가장 지배적인 축력모드(N/sub 15/, N/sub 16/, N/sub 25/, N/sub 26/)들의 상호작용이 조사되었다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 비선형 파라메트릭 사영필터를 이용한 2차원 트러스 구조물의 손상 검출에 대한 연구를 제시한다. 역문제의 해석은 최근 많은 관심을 끌고 있으며, 역문제 해석법으로서 필터이론을 사용한 접근법이 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 특히 칼만 필터는 신호 통신, 시스템 제어 등의 많은 분야에서 적용되어 왔으며 그 유효성이 입증되었다. 본 논문에서는 비선형 파라메트릭 사영필터를 2차원 트러스 구조물의 손상추정에 적용하고 손상된 구조물의 고유 진동수과 고유 모드를 관측 데이터로 채택하여 손상부재의 위치와 손상정도를 추정한다. 마지막으로 수치해석 예를 통하여 제안된 해석법의 유효성을 밝힌다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.943-950
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• 2007

A new metallic sandwich panel with a quasi-Kagome truss core subjected to bending load has been analyzed. First, equations of the failure loads corresponding to the eight failure modes are presented. Then, non-dimensional forms of the equations are derived as functions of three geometric variables, one material parameter (yield strain), one load index and one weight index. Failure maps are presented for a given weight index. By using the dimensionless forms of equations as the design constraints, two kinds of optimization are performed. One is based on the weight, that is, the objective function, namely, the dimensionless load is to be maximized for a given weight. Another is based on the load, that is, the dimensionless weight is to be minimized for a given load. The results of the two optimization processes are found to agree each other. The optimized geometric variables are derived as a function of given weights or failure loads. The performance of the quasi-Kagome truss as the core of a sandwich panel is evaluated by comparison with those of honeycomb cored and octet truss cored panels.