• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.978-984
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological functionality of the hot water and 70% acetone extracts obtained from the pine needle and mugwort. Flavanol tannin content was above 60% of the total polyphenol in pine needle extracts. 70% Acetone extract from pine needle exhibited inhibition percentage of about 82.2% on the mutagenicity of Trp-P-1. Angiotensin I converting enzyme(ACE) inhibition activity was 61% and 50% in the hot water extract and in the 70% acetone extract respectively. Electron donating ability(EDA) of the hot water and 70% acetone extracts obtained from the pine needle was significantly good above 80%. 70% Acetone extract from pine needle showed inhibitary effect against the polyphenol oxidase(PPO) of water dropwort. The nitrite scavenging ability was appeared in all the extracts examined and it showed $80{\sim}90%$ at pH 3.0. The oxidative stability was determined by POV. Results showed that ethyl acetate fraction is better antioxidants than chloroform and butanol fractions in the soybean oil. Then, in the mugwort extracts, antimutagenicity of 70% acetone extract was similar to that of pine needle. Ratio of ACE inhibition activity was higher than that of pine needle extracts. EDA of hot water and 70% acetone extracts was 45%. Extracts from the mugwort were lower in nitrite scavenging ability about $20{\sim}30%$ than extracts from pine needle.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.238-242
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• 2015

Background: Panax ginseng has been used to prolong longevity and is believed to be useful for improving skin complexion. Ginsenosides are the most active components isolated from ginseng, and ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) in particular has been demonstrated to possess antioxidative, antitumorigenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of G-Rg3 to inhibit melanogenesis. Methods: The effects of G-Rg3 on melanin contents and the protein levels of tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) were evaluated. Melanogenesis-regulating signaling molecules such as Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were also examined to explore G-Rg3-induced antimelanogenic mechanisms. Results: G-Rg3 was found to significantly inhibit the synthesis of melanin in normal human epidermal melanocytes and B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The activity of cellular tyrosinase and the expression of MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1 were all reduced, whereas ERK was strongly activated. PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of ERK) attenuated the G-Rg3-induced inhibition of melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity. Conclusion: Taken together, these results showed that G-Rg3 induces the activation of ERK, which accounts for its antimelanogenic effects. G-Rg3 may be a promising safe skin-whitening agent, adding to the long list of uses of P. ginseng for the enhancement of skin beauty.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.326-333
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• 2009

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic and carcinogenic substances that are formed during the heating of protein-rich foods. HCAs are generally found at low amounts in a complex matrix, which requires sophisticated analysis. In this study, HCAs were extracted from lyophilized fish and shellfish samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The HCA recoveries in the fish and shellfish ranged from 15.7 to 74.7% with standard deviations from 0.2 to 7.63%. And HCA concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 1,117.7 $ng/g^{-1}$ in cooked food samples. 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Harman), 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Norharman), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) were the most abundant HCAs formed in the muscle of fried mackerel, at levels of 1,117.7, 926.6, and 133.7 ng/g, respectively. 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-aminodipiryrido[1,2-a:3,2-d]imidazole(Glu-P-2), 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole(A${\alpha}$C), 2-amino-3methyl-9H-pyrido [1,2-a:3,2-d]imidazole(MeA${\alpha}$C), 2-amino-3,4,7,8-tetramethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (TriMeIQx), 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline(7,8-DiMeIQx), and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) were only detected by small quantities ranged from 1.5 to 98.6 ng/g. Overall, this study provides useful information on HCA levels in fish and shellfish products consumed in Korea.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Cimicifuge dahurica (C. dahurica), Coptis chinensis (C. chinensis) and Phellodendri amurense (P. amurense) extracts has an detoxification effect and Magnol obovata bark (M. obovata) extracts has an antibacterial effect in oriental medicine. This study investigated the possibility of the extract mixture as a functional cosmetic ingredient by mixing C. dahurica, C. chinensis, P. amurense and M. obovata extracts. MTT assay was carried out for toxicity test and DPPH/ABTS experiments for antioxidant effects of the extract mixture. Results show that the extract mixture was safer and antioxidant effects in a dose-dependent manner than single extract of the mixture. The mixture effectively inhibited NO (nitric oxide) production, which indicate good efficacy for anti-inflammation. The mixture also protected UVB-induced cell damage and increased type 1 pro-collagen synthesis in fibroblast. In addition, it's treatment inhibited the melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity by lowering expression of MITF, tyrosinase and TRPs in B16F10 melanoma cell. These results suggest that medicinal herbal extract mixture may be useful as a functional ingredient for anti-aging and skin whitening cosmetic formula.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effects of enzymatic browning reaction products (MEBRPs) of polyphenol compounds (catechol, homocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, pyrogallol) by enzyme extracted from mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) were demonstrated through spore rec-assay using B. subtilis $H17(rec^+)$ and $M45(rec^-)$, Ames test using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and SOS chromotest using E. coli PQ37/plasmid pKM101. In spore rec-assay, the MEBRPs showed antimutagenic effects by decreasing of the inhibition zone induced by MNNG. In Ames test with S-9mix in both TA98 and TA100, all of MEBRPs showed strong antimutagenic effects of about 21 to 99% against mutation by $B({\alpha})P$ and Trp-P-1, as adding $300\;{\mu}l$ of the MEBRPs. In SOS chromotest, MEBRPs showed antimutagenic effects by inhibiting the SOS-inducing function induced by 4NQO and MMC, as increasing in concentration of the MEBRPs. But they did not showed mutagenicity in these bacterial assays.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.924-930
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• 2002

Ixeris dentata extracts exllibited antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and fungi. Also EtOH extracts showed strong antioxidant activity and RC$_{50}$ value was 28 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. The inhibitory effect of Ixeris dentata on the mutagenicity in Salmonella and cytotoxicity on cancer cell were studied. Ixeris dentata extracts showed anti-mutagenic effects of 78.83 and 75.96% on B(a)P in S. typhimurium TA98 and Th100, respectively. These extracts showed 78.72% antimutagenicity on TA100 against MNNG. The Ixeris dentata extract with strong antimutagenic activities was further fractionated by hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Butanol fraction was found to be highest in antimutagenic activity against MNNG than the other fractions. Butanol fraction of Ixreis dentate revealed the highest cytotoxicity against AS49 human lung carcinoma cells in which cell growth was inhibited by 93.75% at 375 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Hexane fraction of ixeris dentate exhibited 68.56% inhibition against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Hexane fraction of Ixeris dentata exhibited 84.91% inhibition against Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. From these results, it is considered that Ixeris dentata has strong antimutagenic and anticancer effects in vitro. However, these extracts and fractions did not show any cytotoxic effect against 293 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.157-162
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• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of three kinds of extract such as fresh juice, ethanol extract and water extract of Artemisia iwayomogi against 3 - amino - 1, 4 - dimethyl - 5H - pyrido [4,3-b] indol (Trp-P-1) and N - methyl - N' - nitro - N -nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhimurium assay. The number of revertants per plate decreased significantly when these extracts(0.5ug/plate) added to the assay system system using S. typhimurium TA 100. These extracts also showed prominant cytotoxic activity against four different kinds of human cancer cell as human lung cancer cell (A549), breast cancer cell(MCF7), fibrosacoma cell(HT1080) and gastric cancer cell(KATOIII), respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

A determination method of aromatic amino acids such as trytophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe) using luminol-$H_2O_2$-Cu(II) system has been presented. In the presence of an aromatic amino acid, the enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of luminol-$H_2O_2$-Cu(II) system was obtained by forming a complex between Cu(II) and the amino acid. Based on the above phenomenon, a sensitive and fast determination of three aromatic amino acids was performed using the CL method in batch-type detection system. To optimize determination conditions, the kinetic influence of an aromatic amino acid on the luminol-$H_2O_2$-Cu(II) system and the effects of $H_2O_2$ and Cu(II) concentration, pH, and buffers were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the range from $1.0{\times}10^{-6}$ to $2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ for Trp, $1.0{\times}10^{-6}$ to $2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ for Try, and $2.0{\times}10^{-6}$ to $2.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ for Phe, respectively. In this range, reproducibility (RSD, n = 4) of Trp, Try, and Phe were 3.21%, 2.64%, and 2.48%, respectively. The limit of detection ($3{\sigma}/s$) was calculated to be $6.8{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ for Trp, $5.7{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ for Try, and $9.6{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ for Phe.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 1994

This study was carried out to isolate and characterize $A{\alpha}$ mating locus controlling fruiting body formation directly in the Basidiomycete Schzophyllum commune growing in the North America. Total numbers of genomic library of S. commune UVM1-34 was about $2{\times}10^4$ cells. About 90% library was appeared to have about 35 kb inserted genome DNA in cosmid pTC20 vector. 6 clones were proved to have positive signal to probes within Z and Y region in colony and southern hybridization. In the mating activity test, all the 6 positive clones were appeared to have $A{\alpha}3$ mating activity although they had two different restriction patterns. pSC13 containing 5.7 Kb PstI-fragment of UVM 1-34 $A{\alpha}3$ allele showed about 50% clamp cell formation indicating mating activity when cotransformation was done together with cosmid pTC20.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.900-905
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• 2001

In this study, the levels of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in Perilla frutescens seed were quantified and antimutageinc effects of perilla seeds extracts (method extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble fraction and dietary fiber)was carried out IDF and SDF values of perilla seeds were 16.1% and 1.1% , respectively, with 17.2 of total fiber content. Among the solvent extracts of perilla seeds, methanol extract and methanol soluble fraction (MSF) effectively inhibited the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B$_{1}$(AFB$_{1}$)in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, Methanol extract of perilla seeds showed 91% inhibition against AFB$_{1}$ mutagen under the 2.5 mg/assay concentration, and MSF inhibited the mutagenicity of 87% by adding 1.25,g/assay. However, perilla seed extracts showed low inhibition rate on the mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitosoguanidine(MNNG). And also, SDF and hexane extracts from perilla seeds did not show the antimutagenic effects against AFB$_{1}$ and MNNG. On the hand, IDF extracted from perilla seeds inhibited 21% of mutagenicity induced Trp-P-2 due to the carcinogen binding effect.