• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.916-920
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• 2013

The triploid Pacific oyster, which is produced by mating tetraploid and diploid oysters, is favored by the aquaculture industry because of its better flavor and firmer texture, particularly during the summer. However, tetraploid oyster production is not feasible in all oysters; the development of tetraploid oysters is ongoing in some oyster species. Thus, a method for ploidy verification is necessary for this endeavor, in addition to ploidy verification in aquaculture farms and in the natural environment. In this study, a method for ploidy verification of triploid and diploid oysters was developed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels containing primers for molecular microsatellite markers. Two microsatellite multiplex PCR panels consisting of three markers each were developed using previously developed microsatellite markers that were optimized for performance. Both panels were able to verify the ploidy levels of 30 triploid oysters with 100% accuracy, illustrating the utility of microsatellite markers as a tool for verifying the ploidy of individual oysters.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1999

In order to investigate the composition of extractive nitrogenous components in the diploid and the triploid oysters, Crassostrea gigas, cultured at the south coast of Korea, the whole edible part (whole body) was analyzed into extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, oligopeptides, ATP and its related compounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds using specimens collected from April to May of 1992. The major free amino acids in the diploid and the triploid were taurine, proline, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid hypotaurine, glutamine, arginine, aspartic acid, and $\beta-alanine$. There was no conspicuous difference in the constituents of free amino acids between the diploid and the triploid. A lot of hypotaurine was detected in the diploid and the triploid of oyster and the contents of them were 107 mg and 123 mg/100g, respectively. The compounds, glycinebetaine, homarine and trigonelline were found in both the diploid and the triploid. Among them, glycinebetaine was the most prominent in all the samples. The amount of protein, glycogen, extractive nitrogen, oligopeptides, ATP and its related compounds, and free amino acids in the triploid was higher than that of the diploid (p<0.10)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.19.1-19.10
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• 2019

We investigated the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/AKT signaling pathway involved in muscle formation, growth, and movement in the adductor muscle of triploid Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Large and small triploid oysters (LTs and STs) cultured under identical conditions were screened, and the signaling pathways of individuals with superior growth were compared and analyzed. mRNA and protein expression levels of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, and myosin, proteins important in muscle formation, were higher in LTs compared with STs. Expression levels of IGF-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP), and IGFBP complex acid-labile subunit were also higher in LTs compared with STs. Phosphorylation of the IGF receptor as well as that of AKT was high in LTs. In addition, the expression of phosphomammalian target of rapamycin and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ was increased and the expression of Forkhead box O3 was decreased in LTs. Therefore, we suggested that the IGF-1/AKT signaling pathway affects the formation, growth, and movement of the adductor muscle in triploid oysters.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2013

The morphological relations and physiological characteristics of the triploid and diploid oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in Taean area, west coast of Korea, were investigated from May 2012 to April 2013. Mophometric analysis indicated that the triploid oysters have the same shell length to shell height ratio but higher shell depth to shell height ratio than diploids. Consistent with morphological characteristics, triploid oysters showed greater values of fatness, condition index and RNA/DNA ratio during the period of experiment. The DNA concentration in adductor muscle and mantle of triploid were either lower or equal to the nucleic acids of diploid. However, RNA/DNA ratio were significantly higher than diploid. It appears that RNA/DNA ratio could be a useful indicator of health condition of triploid and diploid oysters when taken in correlation with the morphological indices.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2022

Three proteins [myosin heavy chain (MHC), filamin-C fragment (FIL-C), and actin 2 (ACT2)] were identified in adductor muscle from diploid and triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and the relationship between the condition index (CI) and mRNA expression of these genes was investigated, together with the mRNA expression of molluscan insulin-related peptide (MIP), C. gigas insulin receptor-related receptor (CIR), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex acid labile subunit (IGFBP-ALS). Monthly changes in the CI were similar to the changes in the tissue weight rate in both groups. ACT2 and MHC mRNA expression was statistically higher in the triploid than the diploid, while FIL-C mRNA expression was significantly higher in the diploid (p<0.05). The MIP, CIR, and IGFBP-ALS mRNA expression of the diploid oysters were all significantly higher in July than in other months (p<0.05). The MIP, CIR, and IGFBP-ALS mRNA expression in the triploid oysters was high in July, but there were no significant differences (p>0.05). Changes in the expression levels of the genes investigated in this study could be used as intrinsic indicators of the annual growth, maturity, and spawning period of cultured diploid and triploid C. gigas in Tongyeong, Korea.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

To produce cupped oyster sprat consistently, we investigated the efficiency of nine settlement substrates using selective breeding of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, with the goal of popularizing off-bottom culture on the west coast of Korea. We also compared the growth and survival of selectively bred sprat (diploid) with triploid sprat from an off-bottom culture system. Considering, the attachment rate and detachment efficiency, producing cupped oyster in a polypropylene gunny bag proved to be the most effective method. There were no differences in shell growth or total weight between the diploids from selective breeding and triploids from off-bottom culture for 5 months. However, the survival rate was 8 times higher in the diploids than the triploids. Transplanting sprat from selective breeding is one way to restore oyster farms and nurture off-bottom culture along the west coast.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

본 연구는 2015년 우리나라 서해안에서 양식된 3배체 굴의 일반성분, 지방산, 아미노산 조성 및 글리코겐 함량의 계절적 변화를 조사하였다. 지방 함량은 겨울철에 가장 높았으며 (2월, $2.10{\pm}0.06%$), 단백질 함량은 가을철에 (11월, $9.09{\pm}0.04%$) 에서 가장 높았고 수분과 회분은 여름철 (8월, $86.00{\pm}0.12%$ 및 $2.67{\pm}0.03%$) 에 가장 높았다. 총아미노산 함량은 겨울철 (1,011.5 mg/100 g) 에 가장 높았고, 점차적으로 감소하여 여름철에 가장 낮았다 (486.7 mg/100 g). 아미노산조성은 taurine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine 및 alanine 등이 주요 아미노산으로 분석되었다. 지방산 조성에서 전체 지방산 함량의 50 % 이상을 차지하는 지방산은 EPA와 DHA로 확인되었다. 글리코겐 함유량은 여름철에 가장 높았으며 ($1.26{\pm}0.03g/100g$), 다른 시기에는 $0.69{\pm}0.04-0.86{\pm}0.01g/100g$의 범위로 일정한 함량을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 3배체 굴은 불임처리를 통해 산란을 하지 않아 여름철에 글리코겐 함량이 높아 겨울철뿐만 아니라 여름철에도 상업적 가치가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

Vibrio splendidus biovar II와 V. anguillarum이 우리나라 굴 유생에 있어서 bacillary necrosis를 일으킬 가능성이 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 인위감염을 실시하였다. 부화 후 5일생 유생은 V. splendidus biovar II를 1$1.81{\times}10^{4}$ CFU/$m\ell$ 농도로 인위감염 시켰을 때 8시간 후부터 폐사가 시작되어 16시간에 100% 폐사를 보였다. V. anguillarum을 $1.13{\times}10^{4-5}$ CFU/$m\ell$의 농도로 인위감염 시킨 실험구에서는 20시간 후부터 폐사가 시작 되어 24시간 후 5.55-20%의 폐사율을 보였다. 부화 후 10일생 유생은 V. splendidus biovar II $5.0{\times}10^{5}$ CFU/$m\ell$ 실험구에서 공격 후 8시간째부터 폐사가 나타나기 시작하여 24시간 후 90.47% 폐사하였으나, V. anguillarum 실험구는 $5.08{\times}10^{3-6}$ CFU/$m\ell$의 농도범위에서 폐사가 나타나지 않았다. 그러므로 V. splendidus biovar II는 5일생 유생에 강한 병원성이 있음을 확인하였다. 항균제 처리효과를 구명함으로써 조기 대처방안을 확립하기 위하여 Vibrio를 인위감염 시킨 굴 유생에 폐사가 나타나기 시작할 때 oxytetracycline과 streptomycin을 30 $\mu{g}/m\ell$의 농도로 처리하였다. 그 결과 굴 유생의 유의적인 생존율 증가는 볼 수 없었으나 생존시간이 다소 길어졌으므로 항균제 처리 시점 및 사용농도에 대한 추가연구의 필요성이 제기되었다. 인위감염 실험 시 수조내의 세균농도 분석 결과, V. anguillarum은 $1.13{\times}10^{5}$ CFU/$m\ell$에서 4시간 때 일시적인 증가를 보이다 시간이 경과할수록 $1.7{\times}10^{5}$ CFU/ 로 차츰 감소하는 경향을 보였고, V. splendidus biovar II는 $1.81{\times}10^{4}$ CFU/$m\ell$에서 $1.7{\times}10^{7}$ CFU/로 증가하여 강한 생존력을 보였다. 이와 같은 생존력의 차이는 두 균주간의 병원성 차이를 보이는 결과와 일치하였다. 국내에서는 보고된바 없지만 세계적으로 패류인공종묘에 대량폐사의 원인이 되는 V. splendidus biovar II의 국내산 굴 유생에 대한 병원성이 확인되어 국내에서 도 bacillary necrosis의 발생 가능성이 높음을 알 수 있었다.