• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint torque of triple segmental system in golf driver swing. For this purpose, joint torque were calculated. In order to determine the load on the lumbar region, a triple segmental system was set for wrist, left shoulder and lumbar, torque working on the lumbar region were estimated. For this study, a total of 7 professional golfers were sampled, and then, their driver swings were recorded with two high-speed digital video cameras (180 frames/sec.) to be synthesized into 3-dimensional images and coordinated. Then, Eular's equation was used to produce some kinematic data, which were used to calculate joint torque with Newton's function. All data were calculated using LabVIEW 6.1 graphic program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; It was found that the joint torque was generated in the direction opposite the target on wrist and shoulder during down swing, while in the direction towards the target on the lumbar region. During impact and release, the torque on the wrist joint was converted from the direction opposite the target to the direction towards the target, while the torque on the lumbar region was generated vice versa. The joints on the club-arm-shoulder were generated in the opposite direction at the beginning of down swing when the torque on the thorax-pelvis began to be generated, and then, the torque on the thorax-pelvis began to lower, while that on the club-arm-shoulder began to increase. Thus, a rapid decrease of the torque on the lumbar region linked to the low trunk acted to increase moment and joint torque on the arm-club region.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4959-4964
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• 2015

Background: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) neu receptor in breast cancer and their associations with various clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of women who presented with primary, unilateral breast cancer in the Department of Medical Oncology at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India during the period from January 2008 to December 2011. Data were retrieved from the medical records of the hospital including both early and locally advanced cancer cases. ER, PgR and HER2neu expression in these patients was assessed and triple negative patients were identified. Associations of triple negative and non-triple negative groups with clinicopathological characteristics were also evaluated. Results: A total of 1,284 women (mean age 52.1 years, 41.9% premenopausal) were included in the analysis. Hormone receptor positivity (ER and/or PgR) was seen in 63.4% patients, while 23.8% of tumors were triple negative. Only 23.0% were HER2 positive. Around 10.0% of tumors were both ER and HER2 positive. ER and PgR positivity was significantly associated with negative HER2 status (p-value <0.0001). Younger age, premenopausal status, higher tumor grade, lymph node negativity, advanced cancer stage, and type of tumor were strongly associated with triple negativity. Significantly, a smaller proportion of women had ductal carcinoma in situ in the triple negative group compared with the non-triple negative group (35.6% versus 60.8%, p-value<0.01). Conclusions: The present analysis is one of the largest studies from India. The majority of the Indian breast cancer patients seen in our hospital present with ER and PgR positive tumors. The triple negative patients tended to be younger, premenopausal, and were associated with higher tumor grades, negative lymph nodes status and lower frequency of ductal carcinoma in situ.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6013-6017
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• 2013

Background: To evaluate the clinicopathologic and demographic characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and to determine differences from non-triple-negative cases. Materials and Methods: A detailed review of the medical records of 882 breast cancer (BC) patients was conducted to obtain information regarding age, menopausal status, height and weight at the time of diagnosis, presence of diabetes or hypertension, and pathologic characteristics of the tumor (tumor size, lymph node status, histologic grade, ER status, PR status, HER2 status, p53 mutation). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and a value of ${\geq}30$ was considered as indicative of obesity. Results: 14.9% (n=132) of the patients had TNBC. There was no difference among the patients in terms of median age, comorbid conditions and menopausal status. The proportion of medullary, tubular and mucinous carcinomas was significantly higher (15.9%) in the triple-negative (TN) group, while invasive lobular histology was more frequent (8.2%) among non-triple negative (NTN) cases (p<0.001). Grade 3 (G3) tumors were more frequent in the triple-negative group (p<0.001). The rate of p53 mutation was 44.3% in TN tumors versus 28.2% in the NTN group (p<0.001). The two groups were similar in terms of LN metastasis. In the NTN group, the rate of patients with BMI ${\geq}30$ was 53% among postmenopausal patients, while it was 36% among premenopausal women, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed in terms of BMI between postmenopausal and premenopausal patients in the TN group (p=0.08). Conclusions: TNBC rates and clinicopathologic characteristics of the Turkish patient population were consistent with the data from Europe and America. However, no relationship between obesity and TNBC was observed in our study. The association between TNBC and obesity needs to be evaluated in a larger patient population.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the velocity conversion coefficient and invariance for the optimal phase ratio on the performance of the women's triple jump. Methods : Three-dimensional kinematic data were obtained from the three finalists of the women's triple jumper competition at the 2011 Daegu IAAF World Championships. Computer simulations were performed using the biomechanical model of the triple jump to optimize the phase ratio for the longest actual distance for all athletes with altered velocity conversion coefficients. Results : Top elite triple jumpers showed better technical consistency at the phase ratio. Also, no consistent relationship was observed between the loss in horizontal velocity and the gain in vertical velocity across supporting the three phase. In addition, regardless of the magnitude A1, all athletes were optimized with jump-dominated technique. Finally, as the magnitude of A1 increased, the athletes showed better performance. The obtained overall distance jumped showed the longest actual distance when the optimal phase ratio was transferred from hop-dominated to jump-dominated(the step ratio was 30%~31%), and when the optimal phase ratio was transferred from balanced to jump-dominated(the step ratio was 27%~29%). Conclusion : Future studies need to be conducted in order to explore the active landing motion and the inclination angle of the body with the velocity conversion coefficient simultaneously at each supporting phase.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-3
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• 2015

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.536-544
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• 2009

Background: A combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate (SFC) and tiotropium bromide (TIO) is commonly prescribed for COPD patients but there is little data on their effectiveness, particularly in COPD patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This study compared the spirometric improvement based on the change in $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, and IC as well as the clinical outcomes of the therapeutic strategies with SFC and TIO versus the individual components in patients with severe COPD and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Methods: This study examined the spirometric data and clinical outcomes of 214 patients with COPD and hyperresponsiveness, who were divided into three groups according to the therapeutic regimen (TIO only, SFC only, and a triple therapy regimen). Results: All regimen groups showed early improvement in the $FEV_1$ and IC (at 3- and 6 months after treatment). However, long-term beneficial effects were observed only in the SFC group (at 24 months after treatment). However, these beneficial effects decreased after a 36-month follow up. In all spirometric results, the 12-, 24-, and 36-months data showed a similar degree of improvement in the three groups. The triple therapy group showed higher St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores and lower acute exacerbations and hospitalization. Conclusion: SFC can be a more important component in the pharmacological treatment of severe COPD patients with hyperresponsiveness than TIO, particularly in the spirometric and clinical outcomes.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2008

이 논문에서는 곤충 발자국의 패턴을 인식하기 위해, 인식의 기본 단위인 세그먼트를 자동 추출하는 기법과 Trace transform을 이용하여 발자국 인식에 필요한 특징을 추출하는 기법을 제안하였다. Trace transform 방법을 이용하면 패턴의 이동, 회전, 반사에 불변하는 특징 값을 얻을 수 있다. 이러한 특징 값들은 곤충 발자국과 같이 다양한 변형이 존재하는 패턴을 인식하는 데에 적합하다. 특징 값을 도출하기 위한 첫 번째 단계로는 추출된 세그먼트에 대한 Trace transform을 통해 새로운 Trace 이미지를 생성시킨다. 그런 다음, 병렬로 표현되는 trace-line을 따라 특성 함수에 의해 특징들이 일차적으로 도출되고, 또 다시 도출된 특징들은 diametric, circus 단계의 함수를 거치면서 새로운 특징값으로 재구성된다. 2가지 서로 다른 곤충의 발자국 패턴을 이용하여 실험한 결과 곤충 발자국의 이동, 회전, 반사에 관계없이 인식에 적합한 특징 값들이 추출됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.581-586
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• 2009

Knowledge of ground thermal properties is most important for the proper design of large scale BHE(borehole heat exchanger) systems. The type, pipe size and thermal performance of the BHE is highly dependent on the ground source heatpump system-efficiency and instruction cost. Thermal response tests with mobile measurement devices were developed primarily for insitu determination of design data for large diameter BHE for triple-U spacer apply. The main purpose has been to determine insitu values of effective ground thermal conductivity and thermal resistance, including the effect of ground-water flow and natural convection in the boreholes. The test rig is set up on a some trailer, and contains a circulation pump, a inline heater, temperature sensors, flow meter, power analysis meter and a data logger for recording the temperature, fluid flow data. A constant heat power is injected into the borehole through the tripl-U pipes system of test rig and the resulting temperature change in the borehole is recorded. The recorded temperature data are analysed with a line-source model, which gives the effective insitu values of rock thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance of large diameter BHE for spacer apply.

• 한국정보기술학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2019

라이프로그를 이용한 경로 예측 기법은 정확한 경로 예측을 위하여 많은 양의 학습 데이터를 요구하며, 학습 데이터가 부족할 경우 경로 예측 성능이 저하된다. 학습 데이터 부족은 사용자의 이동 패턴이 유사한 다른 사용자의 데이터를 이용하여 해결이 가능하다. 따라서 이 논문은 사용자 유사도 기반 경로 예측 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 제안 알고리즘은 경로를 3단 그리드 패턴으로 학습하고 코사인 유사도 기법을 이용하여 사용자 간 유사도를 측정한다. 이후, 측정된 유사도를 학습된 모델에 적용하여 경로를 예측한다. 평가를 위하여 기존 경로 예측 기법들과 제안 기법의 경로 예측 정확도를 측정 및 비교한다. 그 결과, 제안 기법의 정확도는 66.6%로 다른 기법들에 비해 평균 1.8% 더 높은 정확도를 가진 것으로 평가된다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2002

암호화는 송수신자 사이에 메시지 전달이 비밀스럽게 이루어 질 수 있도록 보장해주는 기법이다. 이러한 암호화 알고리즘은 높은 계산량을 필요로 하며, 결과적으로 프로세서 자원을 과도하게 사용하는 문제를 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 암호화 알고리즘을 하드웨어 방식으로 구현함으로써 시스템의 부하를 줄여주는 기법이 제시되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 하드웨어 암호화 기법에 대한 설계 및 구현에 대해서 언급하고 있으며, 하드웨어 암호화 알고리즘과 소프트웨어 암호화 알고리즘에 대한 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과에서, 계산 복잡도가 낮은 DES 알고리즘은 하드웨어 방식을 적용하여도 높은 입출력 오버헤드에 의해서 성능이 향상되지 않지만, 계산 복잡도가 높은 Triple DES는 하드웨어 방식을 적용하였을 때, 대략 2-4배 성능이 향상됨을 볼 수 있었다.