• Title/Summary/Keyword: Trip

Search Result 1,662, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

An Estimation for Highway Trip Demand Functions Based upon Time Series Analysis (시계열 분석을 통한 고속도로 통행수요함수의 추정)

  • Lee, Jai-Min;Park, Soo-Shin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
    • /
    • v.23 no.7 s.85
    • /
    • pp.7-15
    • /
    • 2005
  • The objective of this study is to estimate highway trip demand functions in Korea. In order to estimate them, I propose various socio-economic variables that affect the highway trip demand functions. I use the unit root test for each variable and the cointegration test to and the relationships among variables. Finally, I use the vector error correction model, to get the highway trip demand functions. The implication which I derive from the estimation is that real GDP and highway tolls have positive and negative effects, respectively. on the highway trip demand.

Manufacturing of Cold-rolled TRIP Steel by Reversion Process (역변태에 의한 냉연 TRIP강의 제조기술)

  • 진광근;정진환;이규영
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
    • /
    • 1999.08a
    • /
    • pp.356-365
    • /
    • 1999
  • The present study is aimed at developing the TRIP(transformation induced plasticity) aided high strength low carbon steel using reversion process. An excellent combination of elongation over 40% and tensile strength abut 100kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$ achieved in processing of 0.15C-0.5 Si-6Mn steel by slow heating to intercritial temperature region and accelerated cooling into room temperature. This good combination is caused by TRIP phenomena of retained austenite in steels during deformation. The stability of retained austenite is very important for the good ductility and it depends on the diffusion of carbon and manganeses during heat treatment. The accelerated cooling after holding at annealing temperature retards the formation of pearlite and provides the carbon enrichment in retained austenite in steel, resulting in the increase in elongation of the cold-rolled TRIP steel. On the other hand, heat treating the steel at 600$^{\circ}C$ for 5 hour before cold rolling increases elongation but reduces the amount of retained austenite after reversion processing. It is accounted that the heat treating is effective for the increase in the stability of retained austenite.

  • PDF

Effect of Chemical Composition on the Microstructure and Tensile Property in TRIP-assisted Multiphase Steels (TRIP형 복합조직강의 미세조직 및 인장성질에 미치는 화학조성의 영향)

  • Lee, K.Y.;Jang, W.Y.;Kang, J.W.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
    • /
    • v.16 no.3
    • /
    • pp.127-133
    • /
    • 2003
  • The effect of chemical composition on the microstructural change and tensile property in TRIP-assisted steels with different chemical composition was investigated by using SEM, TEM, XRD and UTM. As a result of microscopic observation, the morphology of retained austenite could be identified as two types; a granular type in a steel containing higher Si and a film type in a steel having higher C. For the case of higher C-containing steel with a tensile strength of 860 MPa and a total elongation of 38%, film-typed retained austenite could be observed between lath bainitic ferrite. Actually, metastable retained austenite was a requisite for the good formability, which means that chemical composition plays a significant role in the microstructure and tensile property of TRIP-assisted steels. With respect to tensile property, the steels containing suitable Si and Mn, respectively, showed a typical TRIP effect in stress-strain curve, while a steel containing higher Mn content exhibited the similar behavior shown in dual phase steel.

One-Way Delay Estimation Using One-Way Delay Variation and Round-Trip Time (단방향 지연 변이와 일주 지연을 이용한 양단간의 단방향 지연 추정)

  • Kim, Dong-Keun;Lee, Jai-Yong
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.175-183
    • /
    • 2008
  • QoS-support technology in networks is based on measuring QoS metrics which reflect a magnitude of stability and performance. The one-way delay measurement of the QoS metrics especially requires a guarantee of clock synchronization between end-to-end hosts. However, the hosts in networks have a relative or absolute difference in clock time by reason of clock offsets. flock skews and clock adjustments. In this paper, we present a theorem, methods and simulation results of one-way delay and clock offset estimations between end-to-end hosts. The proposed theorem is a relationship between one-way delay, one-way delay variation and round-trip time And we show that the estimation error is mathematically smaller than a quarter of round-trip time.

  • PDF

Effects of Bainitic Transformation Temperature and Stress State on the Formability of C-Mn-Si TRIP Steels (C-Mn-Si계 변태유기소성강의 성형성에 미치는 베이나이트 변태온도 및 응력상태의 영향)

  • Jun H. S.;Oh J. H.;Park C. G.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
    • /
    • 2001.05a
    • /
    • pp.156-160
    • /
    • 2001
  • The effects of TRansformation Induced Plasticity(TRIP) phenomena on the plastic deformation of 0.2C-1.5Si-1.5Mn multiphase steels have been investigated at various heat treatment and stress conditions. In order to estimate the formability, the hole expansion(HE) tests and the tensile tests were carried out. The formability evaluated from the uni-axial tensile tests was quite different from the formability measured from multi-axial HE-tests. Consequently, the formability in the multi-axial stress state decreased due to the extinction of the retained austenite relatively at earlier deformation stage and the production of irregular α' martensite. However, the defects of TRIP-steels were initiated exactly at the boundary between transformed martensite and ferrite matrix regardless of stress state. In addition, new experimental formula is proposed in order to predict the multi-axial formability of the TRIP steels from the results of uniaxial tensile test.

  • PDF

A Test and Analysis of Instantaneous Trip Characteristics of Low Voltage 30AF Circuit Breakers (저압 30AF 차단기의 순시 Trip동작 특성시험 및 분석)

  • Kim, Ju-Chul;Lee, Sang-Joong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2009.05a
    • /
    • pp.364-367
    • /
    • 2009
  • The role of the low voltage circuit breakers that are installed just before the load is very important for safety. This paper presents a test and analysis of the instantaneous trip characteristics of the Low Voltage 30AF(Ampere Frame) Circuit Breakers, which can be expected to be used for improving the safety of the Low Voltage Circuit Breaker.

  • PDF

CYTRIP: A Multi-day Trip Planning System based on Crowdsourced POIs Recommendation (CYTRIP: 크라우드 소싱을 이용한 POI 추천 기반의 여행 플래닝 시스템)

  • Aprilia, Priska;Oh, Kyeong-Jin;Hong, Myung-Duk;Jo, Geun-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
    • /
    • 2015.10a
    • /
    • pp.1281-1284
    • /
    • 2015
  • Multi-day trip itinerary planning is complex and time consuming task, from selecting a list of worth visiting POIs to arranging them into an itinerary with various constraints and requirements. In this paper, we present CYTRIP, a multi-day trip itinerary planning system that engages human computation (i.e. crowd recommendation) to collaboratively recommend POIs by providing a shared workspace. CYTRIP takes input the collective intelligence of crowd (i.e. recommended POIs) to build a multi-day trip itinerary taking into account user's preferences, various time constraints and locations. Furthermore, we explain how we engage crowd in our system. The planning problem and domain are formulated as AI planning using PDDL3. The preliminary empirical experiments show that our domain formulation is applicable to both single-day and multi-day trip planning.

Concept Development of Core Protection Calculator with Trip Avoidance Function using Systems Engineering

  • Nascimento, Thiago;Jung, Jae Cheon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
    • /
    • v.16 no.2
    • /
    • pp.47-58
    • /
    • 2020
  • Most of the reactor trips in Korean NPPs related to core protection systems were caused not because of proximity of boiling crisis and, consequently, a damage in the core, but due to particular miscalculations or component failures related to the core protection system. The most common core protection system applied in Korean NPPs is the Core Protection Calculator System (CPCS), which is installed in OPR1000 and APR1400 plants. It generates a trip signal to scram the reactor in case of low Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) or high Local Power Density (LPD). However, is a reactor trip necessary to protect the core? Or could a fast power reduction be enough to recover the DNBR/LPD without a scram? In order to analyze the online calculation of DNBR/LPD, and the use of fast power reduction as trip avoidance methodology, a concept of CPCS with fast power reduction function was developed in Matlab® Simulink using systems engineering approach. The system was validated with maximum of 0.2% deviation from the reference and the dynamic deviation was maximum of 12.65% for DNBR and 6.72% for LPD during a transient of 16,000 seconds.

Research of landscape ecological field-trip learning program development for students at BiIn Bay, Seocheon in South Chung-chong coastal environment (비인만의 해안사구를 활용한 경관생태적 현장학습 프로그램 개발)

  • KANG, Tay-Gyoon
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
    • /
    • v.26 no.1
    • /
    • pp.121-131
    • /
    • 2019
  • The coast of BiIn Bay, Seocheon, is the potential site for the field-trip learning program. This article is written in the viewpoint of geographical and environmental education. In this study, it is tried to describe geomorphological landscapes of BiIn Bay Seocheon-gun relating with it's physiognomy, based on the Dasa-ri and Songrim-ri coastal sanddunes and the like. Although landforms like tidal flats and rock cliff constitute prominent landscape features in this area, other features such as beaches, coastal dunes, and coastal plains have various ramifications for human communities. Tidal flats, beaches and coastal dunes are formed by the combined actions of longshore current, tidal flows, waves and winds. To some extent, the erosion of sandy coast has been a global phenomenon. Anthropogenic impacts are involved in the transformation of landform. Most favorable field-trip course of BiIn Bay is from Songrim-ri through Dasa-ri and Shinhap-ri to Maryang-ri. This program about coastal landforms in BiIn Bay will contribute not only for educational meanings but also for satisfying the student' curiosity and interest. Also, this field-trip learning program will be suitable for over 4th grade elementary school students and middle school students.

Multi-day Trip Planning System with Collaborative Recommendation (협업적 추천 기반의 여행 계획 시스템)

  • Aprilia, Priska;Oh, Kyeong-Jin;Hong, Myung-Duk;Ga, Myeong-Hyeon;Jo, Geun-Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.159-185
    • /
    • 2016
  • Planning a multi-day trip is a complex, yet time-consuming task. It usually starts with selecting a list of points of interest (POIs) worth visiting and then arranging them into an itinerary, taking into consideration various constraints and preferences. When choosing POIs to visit, one might ask friends to suggest them, search for information on the Web, or seek advice from travel agents; however, those options have their limitations. First, the knowledge of friends is limited to the places they have visited. Second, the tourism information on the internet may be vast, but at the same time, might cause one to invest a lot of time reading and filtering the information. Lastly, travel agents might be biased towards providers of certain travel products when suggesting itineraries. In recent years, many researchers have tried to deal with the huge amount of tourism information available on the internet. They explored the wisdom of the crowd through overwhelming images shared by people on social media sites. Furthermore, trip planning problems are usually formulated as 'Tourist Trip Design Problems', and are solved using various search algorithms with heuristics. Various recommendation systems with various techniques have been set up to cope with the overwhelming tourism information available on the internet. Prediction models of recommendation systems are typically built using a large dataset. However, sometimes such a dataset is not always available. For other models, especially those that require input from people, human computation has emerged as a powerful and inexpensive approach. This study proposes CYTRIP (Crowdsource Your TRIP), a multi-day trip itinerary planning system that draws on the collective intelligence of contributors in recommending POIs. In order to enable the crowd to collaboratively recommend POIs to users, CYTRIP provides a shared workspace. In the shared workspace, the crowd can recommend as many POIs to as many requesters as they can, and they can also vote on the POIs recommended by other people when they find them interesting. In CYTRIP, anyone can make a contribution by recommending POIs to requesters based on requesters' specified preferences. CYTRIP takes input on the recommended POIs to build a multi-day trip itinerary taking into account the user's preferences, the various time constraints, and the locations. The input then becomes a multi-day trip planning problem that is formulated in Planning Domain Definition Language 3 (PDDL3). A sequence of actions formulated in a domain file is used to achieve the goals in the planning problem, which are the recommended POIs to be visited. The multi-day trip planning problem is a highly constrained problem. Sometimes, it is not feasible to visit all the recommended POIs with the limited resources available, such as the time the user can spend. In order to cope with an unachievable goal that can result in no solution for the other goals, CYTRIP selects a set of feasible POIs prior to the planning process. The planning problem is created for the selected POIs and fed into the planner. The solution returned by the planner is then parsed into a multi-day trip itinerary and displayed to the user on a map. The proposed system is implemented as a web-based application built using PHP on a CodeIgniter Web Framework. In order to evaluate the proposed system, an online experiment was conducted. From the online experiment, results show that with the help of the contributors, CYTRIP can plan and generate a multi-day trip itinerary that is tailored to the users' preferences and bound by their constraints, such as location or time constraints. The contributors also find that CYTRIP is a useful tool for collecting POIs from the crowd and planning a multi-day trip.