• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Objectives : Trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a sensitizer that induces occupational asthma and atopic dermatitis, is widely used industrially to make epoxy and alkyd resins, plasticizers, high temperature polymer, and surfactants. The aim of this study was to investigative the effects of aqueous extracts of Lonicera japonica Flower(LJFAE) on TMA-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in Balb/c mice. Methods : The dried flowers of L. japonica were extracted with distilled water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 7 h. The extract was freeze-dried following filteration through 0.45 ${\mu}m$ filter. Mice were orally administrated with or without LJFE of a different doses(25-100 mg/kg) for 28 days. In the challenge period, mice were externally applied at difference doses of LJFAE one time per day 30 min before TMA treatment. We examined the effects of LJFAE on the the serum levels of IgE and prostagladin E2 (PGE2), the Thl/Th2 cytokine production of spleen cells, ear swelling responses, and the leukocyte infiltration induced by TMA. Results : The orally and externally administration of LJFAE dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of IgE and PGE2 production as well as ear swelling responses and leukocyte infiltration in TMA-induced Balb/c mice. Furthermore, the levels of Thl (TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gammer}$, IL-2)/Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokine production from spleen cells stimulated with anti-CD3 and CD28 mAbs was markedly suppressed by the orally and externally treatment with LJFAE in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that LJFAE suppresses the inflammatory mediators and regulates the Thl/Th2 cytokines. Therefore, these properties may contribute to the strong anti-CHS response effect of LJFAE.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

Photocurable modified 6 functional polyacrylate(PA-1) were prepared from dipentaerythritol derivatives (DPET) and acrylic acid, and 12 functional polymethacrylate(PA-2) were prepared from dipentaerythritol derivatives (DPET), trimellitic anhydride, and glycidyl methacrylate. And physical properties of photocurable modified poly(meth)acrylate were increased with increasing functionality of (meth)acrylate. Thermal stability of UV cured film obtained by using TGA was shifted to higher temperature as the increasing of functionality. Hardness, abrasion resistance and tensile strength of UV cured film were increased with increasing functionality of (meth)acrylate. Values of yellow index were increased with increasing functionality of (meth)acrylate.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.618-624
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• 2013

Hydroquinone bis(trimellitic anhydride) (HQ-TA) was synthesized from trimellitic anhydride chloride and hydroquinone. Poly(amic acid)s (PAAs) were synthesized by reacting a HQ-TA with six different diamines, which were cyclized to yield polyimides (PIs) containing ester linkages by chemical- and thermal-imidization methods. The various PIs were synthesized from structurally different aromatic diamines. The glass transition temperatures ($T_g$) were in the range of 167-$215^{\circ}C$, and the decomposition temperatures (${T_D}^i$) were in the range of $364-451^{\circ}C$. The maximum improvements in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and barrier to oxygen permeation were observed in PIs using TFB (3.23 $ppm/^{\circ}C$) and 4,4-ODA (< $10^{-2}cc/m^2/day$), respectively. The PI films possessed a transmittance of 65-89% at 500 nm and had a yellowish color with a yellow index (YI) of 3.01-69.52.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.237-241
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• 2005

Photocurable pentaerythritol modified hyperbranched acrylates were prepared from trimellitic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate and pentaerythritol derivatives. Thermal stability obtained by using TGA showed that HBMA-1 was superior to the others. Hardness, abrasion resistance and tensile strength of HBMA-1 showed that Hey were also superior to the others. Value of yellow index of HBMA-1 showed the lowest.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.632-639
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• 2014

2,7-Dihydroxynaphthalene bis(trimellitate anhydride) (2,7-TA) was synthesized from trimellitic anhydride chloride and 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene. Copolyimides (Co-PI) containing ester group were synthesized from 2,7-TA, pxylylenediamine, and 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFB). The Co-PI films were obtained from poly(amic acid) by solution casting through thermal imidization on a glass plate. The thermal property, gas permeation, and optical transparency of the Co-PI films with various TFB monomer contents were investigated. These Co-PIs could be solution-cast into a flexible and tough film. The cast Co-PI films exhibited high optical transparency with a cut-off wavelength of 370~395 nm in UV-vis. absorption and a low yellow index value of 3.55~7.63. The thermal property of Co-PI films increased linearly with increasing TFB content. However, the oxygen permeation and optical transparency of the Co-PI films was found to worsen with increasing TFB content.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2005

8 functionality photocurable polyester polyol modified hyperbranched methacrylates of two types were prepared from trimellitic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate, and 4 functionality polyester polyol of two types. The physical properties of photocurable polyester polyol modified hyperbranched methacrylate were investigated. Thermal stability obtained by using TGA showed that HBMA-2 (hyperbranched methacrylate-2) was superior to the HBMA-1 (hyperbranched methacrylate-1). Hardness, abrasion resistance and tensile strength of HBMA-2 showed that were also superior to the HBMA-1. Value of yellow index of HBMA-2 showed the higher.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2008

The polyamide-amide-imide (PAAI) was synthesized by reacting 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DBA) with trimellitic anhydride chloride using a two-stage heating. The precursor of polyamide-acids was formed at first stage and followed by the formation of imide of PAAI. Two polyamide-imides (PAIs) were prepared from benzidine (BZ) or 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether (DPE) with trimellitic anhydride chloride. These three polymers had glass transition temperature in the temperature range of $240-250^{\circ}C$. X-ray data were obtained on thin film specimens cured at $250^{\circ}C$. There was a minimal kind of short-range order consisting of the most probable distances between neighboring chains. The average segmental spacing of short-range order decreased in the order of polymers obtained from 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DBA), polyamide-imide, and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether (DPE). The imidization of three polyamide-imides was confirmed by $^{15}N$ MAS NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. $^{15}N$ NMR spectrum of cured polyamide-imide showed imide $^{15}N$ peak, thereby providing an evidence for the imidization of three polyamide-imides.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1998

Substituted dicyandiamide(Sub-DICY), Accelerated dicyandiamide(Acc-DICY), Trimellitic anhydride(TMA), Pyromellitic dianhydride(PMDA) and Phenolic curing agent(Ph.C.A.) are mainly used for epoxy powder coating curing agent. Various characteristics of epoxy films fully cured by optimum condition such as mechanical properties like $T_g$, tensile strength, elongation at break hardness, abrasion resistance and chemical properties like water absorption, acid resistance, alkali resistance and electrical properties, corrosion resistance are determined by various measuring devices and analyses devices. In conclusion, phenolic curing agent was shown excellent thoughness but severe color change as temperature increased. Acid anhydride has excellent insulation properties and color stability at elevated temperature but lower thoughness and adhesion to substrate. DICY curing agent was shown high water absorption and severe color chance as temperature increased.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.65-81
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• 2016

Objectives : Haedoksamul-tang (HSTE), a water extract from a mixture of Phellodendri Cortex, Coptidis, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Angelica acutiloba Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, has been traditionally used for allergic skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis in oriental countries. However, little is known about the effects of aqueous extract of HSTE on trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in a mouse model. Methods : In this study, we investigate the pharmacological effects of HSTE on TMA-induced CHS in Balb/c mice. Contact hypersensitivity was induced in mice by topically sensitizing and challenging with TMA in flank skin and ears during oral administration (for 17 days) and topical treatment (30 min before challenge) with HSTE. We examined the effects of HSTE on IgE and IgG1 levels, inflammatory parameters in ear tissues, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, cytokine and chemokine production in sera, tissues, and immune cells from TMA-sensitized mice.Results : Oral and topical administration with HSTE reduced, in a dose dependent manner, thickness and leukocyte infiltration of ear tissues and IgE levels in serum from mice sensitized with TMA. In addition, auricula lymph node cells isolated from TMA-sensitized mice significantly elevated the expression ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ as well as increased the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ by ex vivo stimulation with antibodies against CD3 and CD28, and these inflammatory indexes, except for IFN-γ, were significantly suppressed by orally and topically administration of HSTE. Furthermore, stimulation of auricula lymph node cells from TMA-sensitized mice with antibodies against CD3 and CD28 increased the production of MCP-1/CCL2 and MIP-1α/CCL3, and these effects were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in cells from mice treated with HSTE. Conclusions : These results suggest that HSTE can be used for treating contact hypersensitivity by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration as well as production of serum IgE and chemokine/Th2 cytokine in an animal model.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 1995

A study has been made about some correlations in the chemical cyclization of precursors, poly(ether-amide-amic acid)s by treating in solution a mixture of acetic anhydride and pyridine in the presence of 4,4-dimethyl formamide, with the poly(ether-amic acid)s being respectively reacted between trimellitic anhydride chloride and 3 kinds of diamines, i.e., 4,4'-bis(m-aminophenoxy) benzophenone, 2,2'-bis[4-(m-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane and 4,4'-bis(m-aminophenoxy) diphenyl sulfone. The cyclization of imide ring in the poly(ether-amide-amic acid)s may be regarded as an intramolecular acylation of amide group by o-carboxyl group. As a result of this reseach, the effects on the conversion to poly(ether-amide-imide)s have been found by changing the ratio of cosolvents in the cyclization mixture.