• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.437-452
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• 2012

The Tohoku earthquake (Mw9.0) occurred on March 11, 2011 and caused a large tsunami. The Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP (F1-NPP) were overwhelmed by the tsunami and core damage occurred. This paper describes the overview of F1-NPP accident and the usability of tsunami PRA at Tohoku earthquake. The paper makes reference to the following current issues: influence on seismic hazard of gigantic aftershocks and triggered earthquakes, concepts for evaluating core damage frequency considering common cause failure with correlation coefficient against seismic event at multi units and sites, and concepts of "seismic-tsunami PSA" considering a combination of seismic motion and tsunami effects.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.17-17
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• 2000

A magnitude of 7.3 in Richter scale earthquake the strongest in-land earthquake in hundred years struck central Taiwan on September 21, 1999. It caused over 2,400 deaths and 30 some trillion won losses. To give an overview of this devastating earthquake this presentation will cover the following topics: 1) Introduction to Taiwan historical and 921 earthquake. 2) Damages to people landslide building dam bridge tank power facility etc. 3) Strong motion data and its characteristics. 4) Some changes to the building code triggered by the experience of the earthquake. Finally a concluding remark will be made.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2016

Landslide is one of the natural hazards, triggered by rainfall or earthquake and it leads to damage and loss of properties and lives especially in hilly and mountainous regions. Inventory maps of the area is of much importance in order to understand the landslide phenomena in detail, conduct further studies on landslide, prepare susceptibility map and minimize risk. Inventory maps of landslides can be constructed by several methods, using multiple images through visual interpretation, using algorithms in multi-spectral or SAR images or verification from field investigation. The possible methods were explored for Sindhupalchowk district of Nepal, which was struck by massive earthquake on 2015 and landslide inventory was prepared. The inventory was analyzed for its frequency over elevation, slope aspect and dominant soil classes and also the information value for their occurrence probability.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1225-1234
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• 2009

As the Wenchuan Earthquake was of high magnitude and shallow seismic focus, it caused great damage and serious geo-hazards. By the field investigation and remote-sensing interpretation after the earthquake and by using means of GIS, the distribution of geo-hazards triggered by the earthquake was analyzed and the conclusions are as follows: (1) the earthquake geo-hazards showed the feature of zonal distribution along the earthquake fault zone and linear distribution along the rivers; (2) the distribution of earthquake geo-hazards had a marked hanging wall effect, for the development density of geo-hazards in the hanging wall of earthquake fault was obviously higher than that in the foot wall and the width of strong development zone in the hanging wall was about 10 km; (3) the topographical slope was a main factor which controlled the development of earthquake geo-hazards and a vast majority of geo-hazards were distributed on the slopes of 20 to 50 degrees; (4) the earthquake geo-hazards had a corresponding relationship with the elevation and micro-landform, for most hazards happened in the river valleys and canyon sections below the elevation of 1500 to 2000 m, particularly in the upper segment of canyon sections (namely, the turning point from the dale to the canyon). Thin ridge, isolated or full-face space mountains were most sensitive to the seismic wave, and had a striking amplifying effect. In these areas, collapses and landslides were most likely to develop; (5) the study also showed that different lithologies determined the types of geo-hazards, and usually, landslides occurred in soft rocks, while collapses occurred in hard rocks.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2006

지진 매개변수에 의해 지진해일의 초기 수면형상이 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 해저지진에 의해 발생하는 지진해 일의 초기 수면형상의 변화에 대한 지진 매개변수의 영향을 연구한다. 대상 지진해일은 지난 수십 년 동안 우리나라에 가장 큰 피해를 입힌 1983년 동해 중부 지진해일이다. 지진 매개변수 중에서는 strike angle(${\theta}$)이 초기수면형상에 가장 큰 영향을 주었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2012

서울을 비롯한 수도권 일대는 우리나라 인구의 약 40%가 집중되어 갑작스럽게 닥치는 지진재해에 매우 취약한 곳이다. 역사문헌 분석에 의하면 과거 2000여 년간 서울 지역에서 발생한 피해 지진의 최대 크기는 MMI 진도 VIII-IX로 평가되며, 이들 지진으로 건물의 큰 흔들림, 담장과 성첩의 붕괴, 민가 붕괴, 다수의 사상자가 발생하였다. 서울 지역에서 MM 진도 VIII 이상의 피해지진은 1세기(A.D. 27년, 89년)에 2회 발생하였으며, 약 1430여년의 긴 휴지기 후 16-17세기(1518년, 1613년, 1692년)에 다시 3회 발생하였고, 그 후 현재 까지 휴지기 상태이다. 1518년 서울 지진(진도 VIII-IX)시에는 약 19일에 걸쳐 24회 이상의 여진이 발생하였으며, 서울 인접 지역과 황해도 지역에도 20여 일간에 걸쳐 많은 유발지진을 발생시켰다. 역사문헌에 근거한 서울 지역의 발생 가능한 최대 피해 지진은 진도 VIII-IX 이며 이러한 지진의 발생은 약 1400-1500여년의 긴 간격을 보인다.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.51-117
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• 2019

본 논문은 2017년 11월 15일에 발생했던 포항지진의 원인을 둘러싼 과학자 사회의 논쟁을 과학기술학적으로 분석하며 이 현상이 인류세의 현상인가에 대해서 논의한다. 2017년 포항지진은 엄청난 경제적 손실과 정신적인 트라우마를 남겼다. 포항지진의 원인을 둘러싸고 과학자 사회는 크게 두 가지 입장으로 분화되었다. 포항지진이 보여준 특이성과 비정상성으로 인해 일부 과학자들은 이 지진이 북부 포항지역에서 진행 중이었던 지열발전소의 액체주입이 그 원인이 되었다고 주장하는 지열발전소에 의한 '유발지진론'의 관점이 제기되었다. 다른 연구자들은 2011년 3월에 발생했던 동일본 대지진으로 인한 지각변동과 이로 인해 생성된 응력에서 찾으면서 '자연발생론'을 주장했다. 이 두 관점은 주요한 논쟁의 대상이 되었으며 2019년 3월 20일 정부조사연구단의 최종연구결과가 나오기 전까지 치열하게 경쟁했다. 정부조사연구단은 포항지진의 원인이 당시 불안정성이 증가하던 상황에서 지열발전소의 액체주입이 '촉발'이 되었다는 "촉발지진"으로 규정하게 된다. 즉, 포항지진은 과거에 유례를 찾기 힘들었던 인간의 지층에 대한 직접적 기술적 개입으로 발생한 재난이었다. 포항지진이 보여준 재난의 성격과 인간이 만들어낸 자연적 재난은 최근 지질학계뿐 아니라 사회과학 분야에서도 확산되고 있는 새로운 개념인 "인류세"의 개념을 이용하여 분석한다. 포항지진이 과연 인류세적 현상인가에 대한 질문에 대해 답을 하면서 인류세의 문제를 어떻게 바라볼 것인가에 대해 논의하게 될 것이다. 본 논문의 핵심쟁점은 인류세의 재난적 상황이 전 지구적으로 확산되는 단일한 거대담론적 현상으로 이해할 것인가 아니면 상황에 따라 변동하고 구성되는 현상인가의 여부를 확인하게 될 것이다. 특히 인류세의 개념을 과학기술학 분야에 적용하여 재난적 상황에 대해 다루고 있는 브뤼노 라투르와 이자벨스텡거스의 가이아 이론에 대해 비판적으로 논의할 것이다. 본 논문은 인류세적 현상은 불가피하게 특정 맥락에서 상황적으로 이해되어야 한다는 점을 보이게 될 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.7-7
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• 2011

On March 11 in 2011, off the Pacific coast of Tohokua huge earthquake of Magnitude 9.0 occurred. This presentation reports the earthquake, the ensuing tsunami and the devastating damages caused by them. The epicenter was approximately 72 km east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tohoku, with the hypo-center at an underwater depth of approximately 32 km. Owing to this earthquake, strong quakes were observed in eastern Japan with the levels 6 and 7 on the Japanese scale. The earthquake triggered extremely destructive tsunami wave, which attacked the very wide range of eastern Japan coast. The earthquake and ensuing tsunami caused severe damage to levees and embankment along the coasts and rivers. Those water-related damages are reported in this presentation. The Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant was also damaged by the earthquake and ensuing tsunami. From the crippled nuclear power plant, appreciable quantities of radioactive material were emitted to the surrounding environment. Those substances which emitted to air may fall on the ground together with raindrops and runoff to rivers. Elucidation of those processes is the task which our hydrological society should undertake.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.275-275
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• 2022

Tsunamis triggered by undersea earthquakes have the characteristic of longer wavelengths and can propagate a very long distance. Although the occurrence frequency of tsunami is low, it can cause casualties and properties. Historically, tsunamis that occurred on the western coast of Japan attacked the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula and damaged the property and the loss of human life in 1983 and 1993. By tsunami in 1983 especially, 2 people were killed, and more than 200 casualties occurred. In addition, it caused 2 million dollars in property damage at Imwon Port. In 2011, The eastern cities of Japan: Iwate, Miyagi, Ibaraki, and Fukushima were damaged by a tsunami that occurred near onshore along the Pacific ocean and caused more than 300 billion dollars in property damage, and 20,000 casualties occurred. Moreover, those provoked nuclear power plant meltdown at Fukushima. In this study, it was carried out a relationship between maximum tsunami heights and fault parameters of earthquake: strike angle, dip angle, and slip angle at Imwon port. Those fault parameters are known that it does not relate to the magnitude of earthquake directly. Virtual tsunamis, which could be triggered by probable undersea earthquakes in the future, were investigated and mutual information based on probability and information theory was introduced to figure out the relationship between maximum tsunami height and fault parameters. Fault parameters were evaluated according to the strong relationship with maximum tsunami heights finally.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2016

Globally, landslides triggered by natural or human activities have resulted in enormous damage to both property and life. Recent climatic changes and anthropogenic activities have increased the number of occurrence of these disasters. Despite many researches, there is no standard method that can produce reliable prediction. This article discusses the process of landslide susceptibility mapping using various methods in current literatures and applies the FR (Frequency Ratio) method to develop a susceptibility map for the 2015 earthquake region of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal. The complete mapping process describes importance of selection of area, and controlling factors, widespread techniques of modelling and accuracy assessment tools. The FR derived for various controlling factors available were calculated using pre- and post- earthquake landslide events in the study area and the ratio was used to develop susceptibility map. Understanding the process could help in better future application process and producing better accuracy results. And the resulting map is valuable for the local general and authorities for prevention and decision making tasks for landslide disasters.