• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2003

This experimental study was performed to investigate the antifungal effects of mixture of Sophorac Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex by the three types of extraction in the dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The following results were obtained by using Minimum Inhibition Concentration(MIC) and Inhibition Zone. 1. MIC on Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Sample S-2, Sample S-3, and Sample-Y were 10${\mu}l$, respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 2. MIC on Epidermophyton floccosum in Sample S-2, Sample S-3, and Sample-Y were 10㎕ respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 3. MIC on Trichophyton rubrum in Sample S-3, Sample-Y were 10${\mu}l$ respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 4. The size of inhibition zone on Trichophyton mentagrophytes for Sample S-3 were 22.3mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 5. The size of inhibition zone on Epidermophyton floccosum for Sample S-3 was 34.3mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 6. The size of inhibition zone on Trichophyton rubrum for Sample-Y was 26.5mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. Whereas. in extractions, that of Sample S-3 was 12.5mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 7. From the above results, Sample S-3 on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum and Sample-Y on Trichophyton rubrum showed the highest antifungal effects. This results suggests that vinegar extraction excels other extraction method using water or ethanol to measure the antifungal effect on dermatophytes. In addition, the result shows that the extract of herbal medicines can be used to tinea pedis and if further study is performed, the use of the extract of herbal medicines will be valuable and beneficial in the clinical medicines. [NOTE] · S-S2 : 12-13w/v$\%$ Vinegar extract of mixture of Sophorae Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex. · S-S3 : 18-19w/v$\%$ Vinegar extract of mixture of Sophorae Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex. · S-Y : Miconazole nitrate

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.260-260
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• 2014

Dermatophytes can invade in keratinized tissues and cause dermatophytosis [1] that rank among the most widespread and common infectious diseases world-wide. Although several systemically and topically administered drugs with activities against these fungi are available, still complete eradication of some of these infections, is difficult and relapses and remissions are often observed [2,3]. In addition, some people are allergic to many of the available drugs which add complications even more. Therefore, the search for novel, selective and more effective therapy is always required and it may help the clinicians to choose the correct treatment for their patients. Non-thermal plasmas primarily generate reactive species and recently have emerged as an efficient tool for medical applications including sterilization. In this study, we evaluated the ability of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for the inactivation of clinical isolates of Trichophyton genera, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes) and Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum), which cause infections of nails and skin and, are two of the most frequently isolated dermatophytes [4]. Our results showed that DBD plasma has considerable time dependent inactivation potential on both T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum in-vitro. Furthermore, the mechanisms for plasma based T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum inactivation and planning for in-vivo future studies will be discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1980

The authors performed clinical and mycological studies on Tinea cruris of 842 outpatients who had visited the dermatology clinic of Seoul National University Hospital from 1975 to 1979. 1) The incidence of Tinea cruris was 4.4% in maximum and 3.0% in minimum of the total superficial mycotic diseases cases, so there are no remarkable changes of the yearly prevalence rate. 2) Tinea cruris was more frequent among males, and the male cases were 15.2 times higher than those of female cases. 3) By the monthly distribution, Tinea cruris shows most high in summer season (June, July and August). 4) The age distribution group for Tinea cruris varied from the first to the eighth decade, but most of them were in their third decade. 5) Concurrent infection of Tinea cruris with other types of dermatophytoses(Tinea) was noted in 19.0% of the cases. Patients with Tinea cruris and Tinea pedis were most highly observed in 51.3%, and on next. Tinea cruris and Tinea corporis 25.6% in all of the concurrent infection cases. 6) The strains were identified by culture on ordinary Sabouraud's glucose agar media and abtained three species and 99 strains. a) Trichophyton rubrum was most common causative organism of Tinea cruris. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated 64 strains (64.6%). b) Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated 27 stains (27.3%) and Epidermophyton floccosum was 8 strains (8.1%).

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2000

The traditional Korea medical book already recorded various biological activities of the Korean mistletoes. The objective of this study was examine antifungal activities of MeOH extract from the Korean mistletoe through column chromatography on three fungi, such as Tyromyces palustris Endothia nitschkei and Trichophyton rubrum. No mistletoes had anti-fungal activity against T. palusties. Extracts of V. album var. coloratum showed the highest hyphal growth-inhibitory activity against E. nitschkei and leaf extract of this species had higher activity than twig extract. Further fractionation of most active fraction and following antifungal assay showed that its anti-fungal activity might be caused by synergism if its components. It was suggested that Viscum album var. coloratum shows significantly antifungal activities against E. nitschkei and T. rubrum. Further examination is needed to find out more exact active compounds.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1482-1484
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• 2008

Spherical silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) were synthesized and their antifungal effects on fungal pathogens of the skin were investigated. Nano-Ag showed potent activity against clinical isolates and ATCC strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida species ($IC_{80}$, 1-7${\mu}g/ml$). The activity of nano-Ag was comparable to that of amphotericin B, but superior to that of fluconazole (amphotericin B $IC_{80}$, 1-5${\mu}g/ml$; fluconazole $IC_{80}$, 10-30${\mu}g/ml$). Additionally, we investigated their effects on the dimorphism of Candida albicans. The results showed nano-Ag exerted activity on the mycelia. Thus, the present study indicates nano-Ag may have considerable antifungal activity, deserving further investigation for clinical applications.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.114-119
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• 2001

The effect of Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extract on the growth of dermatophytes had been investigated. In vitro the extract exhibited high activity against various species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. rubrum, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extract revealed that all the dermatophytes tested had MIC values of 13.6 mg/ml. The extract exhibited fungistatic activity at lower concentrations $({\leq}13.6\;mg/ml\;or\;below\;the\;MIC\;value)$ and fungicidal activity at higher concentrations $({\geq}13.6\;mg/ml$\;or\;above\;the\;MIC\;value)$. The results suggested that the extract acted on the cell wall of the dermatophytes which subsequently leading to the formation of cytopathological and membrane structural degeneration and finally leading to cell lysis and death.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2022

A dermatophyte is a zoonotic infection that causes infection on the skin, hair, and nails and is transmitted through contact. The species of Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton are the major dermatophytes that infect humans. Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection in the scalp, and it may progress to kerion celsi, including severe redness, swelling, and pus formation. Kerion celsi is sometimes misdiagnosed as a bacterial infection or a tumor. Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte that mainly causes infection in cattle. It can be spread to dairy farmers or ranchers who have frequent contact with infected cattle. We report a pediatric case who received scalp tumor excision and a split-thickness skin graft for extensive and severe inflammatory scalp tumors that occurred after contact with cattle with ringworm. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with kerion celsi caused by T. verrucosum infection. This was based on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, and histopathologic findings.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate and measure the antimicrobial activity of evergreen woody species extracts on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To do this, leaves and stems were collected from Wando and Jeju islands, and were used for the extraction with different solvents (i.e., distilled water, 80% ethanol, and 100% methanol), and at different ultrasonic extracting times (i.e., 15, 30, and 45 minutes). The experiment was conducted by using the agar diffusion method. The clear zone was measured after incubating the paper disc containing the plant extract in a bacterial culture medium. The controls were synthetic antimicrobials, methylparaben and phenoxyethanol, at concentrations of 0.4, 1, 2, and 4 mg/disc. Altogether, extracts of 56 out of 64 species used in this study had inhibitory activity, which confirmed their antimicrobial activity against Athlete's foot. Among them, the crude ethanolic extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris in 45 min showed a zone of inhibition < 20.2 mm, while the clear zone of Actinodaphne lancifolia ethanolic extraction for 30 min was 23.5 mm. Also, Quercus acuta, Dendropanax morbiferus and Daphne odora showed clear zones of 28.0 mm (45 minutes ethanolic extraction), 20.5 mm (45 minutes crude methanolic extraction) and 19.7 mm (45 minutes methanolic extraction), respectively. Thus, these results confirm that the extracts of evergreen woody species have therapeutic potential against Athlete's foot, and suggest that in order to extract adequate amounts of antimicrobial substance from the plant sources, ideal extraction condition has to be considered.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2009

The mycoflora on the hair in 25 samples of each of goats and sheep collected from Libya was analyzed using two isolation methods at $25^{\circ}C$. Seventy species and 3 varieties belonging to 31 genera were collected from the two substrates. The hairs of sheep were polluted with fungi than goat, contained high total counts and number of genera and species. Two species of true dermatophytes were isolated namely Trichophyton rubrum and T. terrestre. Several keratiophilic species were isolated of which Chrysosporium indicum, C. keratinophilum and C. tropicum were the most prevalent. The commonest saprophytes in order of frequency were members of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Emericella, Alternaria and Cochliobolus.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2006

The mattresses and dust in the bed rooms of nine dermatophytes infected patients and nine domestic animals were examined by the KOH method. Microsporum canis species and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were isolated from cats and rabbits, respectively. The sources of infection of three patients were the M. canis infected cats raised by them and the four other patient's sources of infection were not confirmed. The sites of infection of the nine patients were their heads and those of the domestic animals were their heads and bodies. M. canis species were isolated from the infection sites of three cats and specimens collected by hair brush from the nine domestic animals. T. mentagrophytes species were also isolated from the infection sites of two rabbits. The seven patients had mattresses and bed room dust contaminated with M. canis.